Network of healthcare organizations, together with data partners in Brazil, South Korea, and Japan, to bring clinical facts on more than 250 million patients around the world. Federated model so users of this data are ensured new patients, observations, and results every day, all harmonized to standard terminology like ICD-10 and LOINC without any data wrangling required at the point of care. The raw data is not available to authors of papers and papers in medicine are being retracted.

This is the Mendeley Supplementary File (including eMethods, Supplementary Tables and Supplementary Figures) of the study entitled "Human Papillomavirus Infection Increases Risk of New-Onset Prurigo Nodularis: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study Using Global and US Electronic Medical Records of TriNetX network" by Shuo-Yan Gau, Shao-Wei Lo, Yung-Fang Tu, Wen-Chieh Liao, Yu-Jung Su, Hui-Chin Chang, Torsten Zuberbier, Martin Metz and Shiu-Jau Chen for publication in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

This supplemental material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.

Flow chart for Fungal PPI TriNetX Study

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, a federated database comprising de-identified electronic health records from 142 healthcare organizations (HCOs). The database was queried on March 13, 2025, to identify patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients were stratified into two cohorts based on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure. The GERD+PPI cohort included patients with a diagnosis of GERD (ICD-10: K21) who had ≥2 prescriptions for a PPI (omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, or rabeprazole) within 5 years prior to the index date. The GERD control cohort included GERD patients with no history of PPI use, defined as no recorded prescriptions for any listed PPIs at any time. Patients were excluded in the risk analysis if they had a history of cutaneous fungal infections, including onychomycosis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, or cutaneous candidiasis. Additional exclusions included a history of systemic antifungal use (fluconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole) within 1 day prior to the index date or a history of immunodeficiency conditions, including HIV (ICD-10: B20), solid organ transplantation, or primary immunodeficiency disorders (ICD-10: D80-D84). Cohorts were propensity score-matched (1:1) to minimize confounding, using variables including age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, obesity, immunosuppression, and concurrent medication use. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used to assess balance between matched cohorts. The primary outcome was the incidence of cutaneous fungal infections following PPI use. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were conducted within the TriNetX platform.

Change from normal BMI category to overweight/obese category, pre-pandemic to May, 2022.