Picture of Subsidized Households describes the nearly 5 million households living in HUD-subsidized housing in the United States. Assistance provided under HUD programs falls into three categories: public housing, tenant-based, and privately owned, project-based. Picture provides characteristics of assisted housing units and residents, summarized at the national, state, public housing agency (PHA), project,census tract, county, Core-Based Statistical Area and city levels. Picture of Subsidized Households does not cover other housing subsidy programs, such as those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Rural Housing Service, unless they also receive subsidies referenced above. Other programs such as Indian Housing, HOME and Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) are also excluded.

Picture of Subsidized Households describes the households living in HUD-subsidized housing in Utah. This page provides characteristics of assisted housing units and residents, summarized at the county levels as downloadable files.

HUD Picture of Subsidized Households (POSH) project points shapefile.

This dataset in the shapefile format contains geo-located points of projects in the City of Dallas that have Public or Subsidized Housing units. These data were used as a primary dataset to generate the Percent Subsidized factor in the MVA.

Since passage of the U.S. Housing Act of 1937, the federal government has provided housing assistance to low-income renters. Most of these housing subsidies were provided under programs administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) or predecessor agencies. All programs covered in this report provide subsidies that reduce rents for low-income tenants who meet program eligibility requirements. Generally, households pay rent equal to 30 percent of their incomes, after deductions, while the federal government pays the remainder of rent or rental costs. To qualify for a subsidy, an applicant’s income must initially fall below a certain income limit. These income limits are HUD-determined, location specific, and vary by household size. Applicants for housing assistance are usually placed on a waiting list until a subsidized unit becomes available.Assistance provided under HUD programs falls into three categories: public housing, tenant-based, and privately owned, project-based.In public housing, local housing agencies receive allocations of HUD funding to build, operate or make improvements to housing. The housing is owned by the local agencies. Public housing is a form of project-based subsidy because households may receive assistance only if they agree to live at a particular public housing project.Currently, tenant based assistance is the most prevalent form of housing assistance provided. Historically, tenant based assistance began with the Section 8 certificate and voucher programs, which were created in 1974 and 1983, respectively. These programs were replaced by the Housing Choice Voucher program, under legislation enacted in 1998. Tenant based programs allow participants to find and lease housing in the private market. Local public housing agencies (PHAs) and some state agencies serving as PHAs enter into contracts with HUD to administer the programs. The PHAs then enter into contracts with private landlords. The housing must meet housing quality standards and other program requirements. The subsidies are used to supplement the rent paid by low-income households. Under tenant-based programs, assisted households may move and take their subsidy with them. The primary difference between certificates and vouchers is that under certificates, there was a maximum rent which the unit may not exceed. By contrast, vouchers have no specific maximum rent; the low-income household must pay any excess over the payment standard, an amount that is determined locally and that is based on the Fair Market Rent. HUD calculates the Fair Market Rent based on the 40th percentile of the gross rents paid by recent movers for non-luxury units meeting certain quality standards.The third major type of HUD rental assistance is a collection of programs generally referred to as multifamily assisted, or, privately-owned, project-based housing. These types of housing assistance fall under a collection of programs created during the last four decades. What these programs have in common is that they provide rental housing that is owned by private landlords who enter into contracts with HUD in order to receive housing subsidies. The subsidies pay the difference between tenant rent and total rental costs. The subsidy arrangement is termed project-based because the assisted household may not take the subsidy and move to another location. The single largest project-based program was the Section 8 program, which was created in 1974. This program allowed for new construction and substantial rehabilitation that was delivered through a wide variety of financing mechanisms. An important variant of project-based Section 8 was the Loan Management Set Aside (LMSA) program, which was provided in projects financed under Federal Housing Administration (FHA) programs that were not originally intended to provide deep subsidy rental assistance. Projects receiving these LMSA “piggyback” subsidies were developed under the Section 236 program, the Section 221(d)(3) Below Market Interest Rate (BMIR) program, and others that were unassisted when originally developed.Picture of Subsidized Households does not cover other housing

Pedestrian detection and lane guidance

The Resident Characteristics Report summarizes general information about households who reside in Public Housing, or who receive Section 8 assistance. The report provides aggregate demographic and income information that allows for an analysis of the scope and effectiveness of housing agency operations. The data used to create the report is updated once a month from IMS/PIC.

DISCLAIMER:The information regarding the Assistance and Section 8 contracts, and properties is being furnished for the convenience of interested parties. The information has been compiled from multiple data sources within FHA or its contractors. This information does not purport to be complete or all inclusive. No representation or warranty, express or implied, as to any of the information contained in these files is made by HUD, FHA or any of their respective contractors, representatives or agents, or any officer, Director, employee, or any of the above. INSTRUCTIONS:This database was created to provide HUD partners/clients with a way of measuring the potential impact of expiring project-based subsidy contracts in their communities. It represents the most comprehensive picture of project-based subsidies yet developed, but like any "snap-shot", its usefulness has limits, although, Multifamily plans to refresh this data on a monthly basis. Below, we give a summary of what to keep in mind when viewing the information:Download of the Assistance and Section 8 Contracts - This compressed, (self extracting) file is offered in Microsoft Access Version 7.0 for Windows 95. It is important to note that this is a very large file and the speed for completing the download of the file is dependent on the bandwidth of you Internet Service provider (ISP) and the speed of your connection to the internet. The database contains two tables, one on the contract level, the other on the property level. To see property level data you must link these two tables by the property id field.Contract Expiration Data and Units - Please keep in mind that you will often find more than one contract will share the same property information. The field “assisted_units_count” , in the contract level table counts the number of units funded in that unique contract; the term “property_total_unit_count” shows how many units are in the entire property. A project with 100 units and two 50-units Section 8 contracts would have two records in the contract table and one record in the property table.Rent/Fair Market Rents - For each contract, we display the overall average ratio of gross contract rents to FMR taking into account the number of units and FMR for each bedroom size. Please note that this ratio is a guide only. In addition, since FMRs are determined by county and metro area, errors in project address data may lead to incorrect FMR benchmarks. Lastly, project rents change frequently and are therefore more subject to error. In creating this database, HUD staff processed over 24,000 address records and over 70,000 rent records. While considerable effort was made to assure the accuracy of the data used, absolute certainty is impossible.HUD-Held and HUD-Owned Status - The classification of projects as "HUD-Held" or "HUD-Owned" is based solely on status codes in HUD's accounting systems and has not been independently verified. For the most current status of a particular insured mortgage, contact the local HUD Field Office.Opportunity Zone Indicator - If a property is located in an Opportunity Zone, the field “is_opportunity_zone_ind” will show ‘Y’.

This layer was developed by the Research & Analytics Group of the Atlanta Regional Commission, to show data on subsidized/public housing units (HUD, 2013) by census tract in the Atlanta region.Base Attributes:GEOID10 = 2010 Census tract identifier (combination of FIPS codes for state, county, and tract)County = County identifier (combination of Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) codes for state and county)Area_Name = 2010 Census tract number and county nameTotal_Population_ACS_2016 = # Total population estimate, 2016 (American Community Survey)Total_Population_ACS_MOE_2016 = # Total population estimate (Margin of Error), 2016 (American Community Survey)Planning_Region = Planning region designation for ARC purposesAcresLand = Land area within the tract (in acres)AcresWater = Water area within the tract (in acres)AcresTotal = Total area within the tract (in acres)SqMi_Land = Land area within the tract (in square miles)SqMi_Water = Water area within the tract (in square miles)SqMi_Total = Total area within the tract (in square miles)TRACTCE10 = Census tract Federal Information Processing Series (FIPS) code. Census tracts are identified by an up to four-digit integer number and may have an optional two-digit suffix; for example 1457.02 or 23. The census tract codes consist of six digits with an implied decimal between the fourth and fifth digit corresponding to the basic census tract number but with leading zeroes and trailing zeroes for census tracts without a suffix. The tract number examples above would have codes of 145702 and 002300, respectively.CountyName = County Namelast_edited_date = Last date the feature was edited by ARC- - - - - -Attributes from HUD:Subsidized_Units_2013 = Subsidized Units, 2013Public_Housing_Units_2013 = Public Housing Units, 2013All_Subsidized_Units_2013 = All Subsidized Units, 2013Total_Housing_Units_2010 = Total Housing Units, 2010Pct_Subsidized_Units = % Subsidized Units to All Units- - - - - -Sources/Dates: Urban Development (HUD): Picture of Subsidized Households, 2013For additional information, please visit the Atlanta Regional Commission at www.atlantaregional.com.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) identifies low-vacancy areas for purposes of funding the Tenant-Protection Vouchers (TPVs) set-aside for certain at-risk households in low-vacancy areas. The Department has set low-vacancy areas at the county level as described in the “Definitions and Methodology” section below.HUD will publish updated low-vacancy areas annually. Low-vacancy lists will be effective for one year, from July 1-June 30. The county where the project is located must be listed in the low-vacancy list in effect as of the date of application submission to be eligible for TPV set-aside funding. Applicants may find more information about the TPV set-aside process and requirements at Notice PIH 2019-01/H 2019-02. As indicated by HUD in Notice PIH 2022-14, Notice PIH 2019-01/H2019-02 continues to apply.Definitions and MethodologyLow-vacancy areas are set at the county level using occupancy rates for public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Occupancy data at the project level are obtained from the most recent Picture of Subsidized Households Report (https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/assthsg.html). To ensure that vacancy rates are only counted for high quality units, the occupancy data is matched to the most recent Physical Inspection Scores data (https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/pis.html) for both public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Properties with inspection scores below 60 are removed from the sample, as are properties that are missing inspection scores or occupancy rates.Project-level data is aggregated to the county level, and the total occupancy rate for each county is calculated. County-level occupancy rates are used for the determination of eligibility for TPV set-aside funding as long as at least ten units of public housing and multifamily assisted housing are included in the dataset. If a county within a Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) has less than ten units, the CBSA-level occupancy rate is used. For counties outside of CBSAs with less than ten units, state non-CBSA totals are used to calculate occupancy rates, while the national non-CBSA occupancy rate is used for counties in states with only CBSA counties or a state non-CBSA unit count below ten.For the purposes of the TPV set-aside, a low-vacancy area is defined to be an area with an occupancy rate for public housing and multifamily assisted properties greater than or equal to 90 percent.

HUD administers Federal aid to local Housing Agencies (HAs) that manage housing for low-income residents at rents they can afford. Likewise, HUD furnishes technical and professional assistance in planning, developing, and managing the buildings that comprise low-income housing developments. This dataset provides the location and resident characteristics of public housing development buildings. Location data for HUD-related properties and facilities are derived from HUD's enterprise geocoding service. While not all addresses are able to be geocoded and mapped to 100% accuracy, we are continuously working to improve address data quality and enhance coverage. Please consider this issue when using any datasets provided by HUD. When using this data, take note of the field titled “LVL2KX” which indicates the overall accuracy of the geocoded address using the following return codes: ‘R’ - Interpolated rooftop (high degree of accuracy, symbolized as green) ‘4’ - ZIP+4 centroid (high degree of accuracy, symbolized as green) ‘B’ - Block group centroid (medium degree of accuracy, symbolized as yellow) ‘T’ - Census tract centroid (low degree of accuracy, symbolized as red) ‘2’ - ZIP+2 centroid (low degree of accuracy, symbolized as red) ‘Z’ - ZIP5 centroid (low degree of accuracy, symbolized as red) ‘5’ - ZIP5 centroid (same as above, low degree of accuracy, symbolized as red) Null - Could not be geocoded (does not appear on the map) For the purposes of displaying the location of an address on a map only use addresses and their associated lat/long coordinates where the LVL2KX field is coded ‘R’ or ‘4’. These codes ensure that the address is displayed on the correct street segment and in the correct census block. The remaining LVL2KX codes provide a cascading indication of the most granular level geography for which an address can be confirmed. For example, if an address cannot be accurately interpolated to a rooftop (‘R’), or ZIP+4 centroid (‘4’), then the address will be mapped to the centroid of the next nearest confirmed geography: block group, tract, and so on. When performing any point-in polygon analysis it is important to note that points mapped to the centroids of larger geographies will be less likely to map accurately to the smaller geographies of the same area. For instance, a point coded as ‘5’ in the correct ZIP Code will be less likely to map to the correct block group or census tract for that address. In an effort to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII), the characteristics for each building are suppressed with a -4 value when the “Number_Reported” is equal to, or less than 10. To learn more about Public Housing visit: https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/ph/ Development FAQs - IMS/PIC | HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Public Housing Buildings Date Updated: Q1 2025

BASE YEAR	2024
HISTORICAL DATA	2019 - 2024
REPORT COVERAGE	Revenue Forecast, Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends
MARKET SIZE 2023	2.92(USD Billion)
MARKET SIZE 2024	3.35(USD Billion)
MARKET SIZE 2032	9.9(USD Billion)
SEGMENTS COVERED	Technology ,Application ,Display Type ,Image Generation Technology ,Field of View (FOV) ,Regional
COUNTRIES COVERED	North America, Europe, APAC, South America, MEA
KEY MARKET DYNAMICS	Increasing adoption of AR technology Rising demand for advanced driving assistance systems Growing popularity of electric vehicles Government regulations mandating safety features Technological advancements
MARKET FORECAST UNITS	USD Billion
KEY COMPANIES PROFILED	Clarion ,Valeo SA ,Denso Corporation ,Hyundai Mobis ,Bosch ,Yazaki Corporation ,Visteon ,Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd. ,Garmin ,Pioneer Corporation ,Continental ,LG Display ,Delphi Technologies ,Panasonic Corporation ,JVC Kenwood
MARKET FORECAST PERIOD	2025 - 2032
KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES	Growing demand for advanced safety features Rising adoption of electric vehicles Increasing popularity of augmented reality technology Expansion into emerging markets Technological advancements
COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (CAGR)	14.51% (2025 - 2032)

The Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR HUD) market, specifically the waveguide HUD segment, is experiencing robust growth driven by increasing demand for enhanced driver assistance systems and improved in-car infotainment. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors: the rising adoption of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) in both passenger cars and commercial vehicles, a growing preference for safer and more intuitive driving experiences, and technological advancements leading to more compact, higher-resolution, and cost-effective waveguide HUD units. The automotive industry's ongoing shift towards autonomous driving capabilities further bolsters the demand for sophisticated HUD systems that can seamlessly integrate driver information and warnings. While the conventional AR HUD segment holds a significant market share currently, the ultra-thin waveguide HUD is rapidly gaining traction due to its superior image quality, wider field of view, and sleek design. This technology's ability to project high-resolution images onto the driver's windshield without obstructing the view significantly contributes to its appeal. Competition among key players like Continental, Bosch, Denso, and others is driving innovation and price reductions, making waveguide HUD technology increasingly accessible to a broader range of vehicle manufacturers. Geographical growth is expected across all regions, with North America and Asia-Pacific leading the charge, driven by early adoption and significant automotive manufacturing hubs. Despite the positive outlook, challenges remain. The high initial investment costs associated with waveguide HUD technology can hinder widespread adoption, particularly in emerging markets. Additionally, standardization and integration challenges with existing vehicle architectures could impact the pace of market penetration. However, ongoing research and development efforts, coupled with increasing economies of scale, are expected to alleviate these challenges over the forecast period (2025-2033). The market is projected to witness significant growth, driven by the aforementioned factors, leading to a substantial increase in market size and value over the next decade. The continued improvement in technology, alongside the rising demand for advanced driver assistance and a more immersive driving experience, is set to propel waveguide HUDs into mainstream adoption within the automotive sector.

The global Head-Up Display (HUD) projection units market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and enhanced safety features in the automotive sector. The market, currently estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of approximately $7 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors: the rising adoption of HUDs in both passenger vehicles and commercial aircraft, technological advancements leading to improved image quality and smaller form factors, and the increasing affordability of HUD projection units. Key players like TI, Continental, Panasonic, and others are driving innovation, leading to the development of more sophisticated and cost-effective solutions. The automotive segment currently dominates the market, with a significant portion of revenue generated from the integration of HUDs into luxury and high-end vehicles. However, the expanding adoption of HUDs in mid-range and budget-friendly vehicles is anticipated to further fuel market growth in the coming years. The different projection technologies like DLP, TFT, and LCOS are competing for market share, with DLP currently holding a significant lead due to its superior image quality and reliability. The growth trajectory of the HUD projection units market is influenced by various trends. The increasing integration of augmented reality (AR) features in HUD systems is expected to significantly impact market growth, offering drivers richer and more contextualized information. Furthermore, the stringent safety regulations imposed globally are promoting the adoption of HUDs, as they contribute to enhanced driver awareness and reduced distractions. However, high initial investment costs associated with the integration of HUD technology and the potential for technical challenges remain as restraints to broader adoption. Regionally, North America and Europe currently dominate the market, owing to the strong presence of established automotive manufacturers and the high adoption rate of advanced driver assistance systems. However, the Asia-Pacific region is poised for substantial growth, fueled by rapid economic development and increasing vehicle production in countries such as China and India.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development identifies low-vacancy areas for purposes of funding the Tenant-Protection Vouchers (TPVs) set-aside for certain at-risk households in low-vacancy areas. The Department has set low-vacancy areas at the county level. Low-vacancy areas are set at the county level using occupancy rates for public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Occupancy data at the project level are obtained from the most recent Picture of Subsidized Households Report. For the purposes of the TPV set-aside, a low-vacancy area is defined to be an area with an occupancy rate for public housing and multifamily assisted properties greater than or equal to 90 percent.

Measures the ability of housing voucher holders to find housing in the private rental market. The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is the federal government's largest low-income housing assistance program where people can seek housing in the private market. The maximum housing assistance is generally the lesser of the payment standard minus 30% of the family's monthly adjusted income or the gross rent for the unit minus 30% of monthly adjusted income. Source: Picture of Subsidized Housing, HUD Years Available: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023

The Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR HUD) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and enhanced in-car infotainment. The integration of AR technology into HUDs offers a safer and more intuitive driving experience by overlaying crucial information directly onto the driver's windshield, minimizing distractions. This market is segmented by application (premium cars, luxury cars, and others) and type (close projection and far projection). Premium and luxury car segments are currently leading the adoption, but the others segment shows strong potential for future growth as AR HUD technology becomes more cost-effective. Far projection systems are gaining traction due to their ability to project larger images, offering a more immersive experience. Key players in the market, including Continental AG, Panasonic Automotive, and others, are continuously innovating to improve image quality, expand functionality, and reduce production costs. Geographic regions such as North America and Europe are currently major markets due to higher vehicle ownership and advanced technological adoption rates. However, rapid growth is anticipated in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in countries like China and India, owing to the expanding automotive industry and rising consumer disposable income. Restraints to market growth include the relatively high cost of AR HUD systems and the technological challenges associated with ensuring optimal performance in varying weather conditions. Despite these challenges, the market's future outlook remains positive. The ongoing advancements in AR technology, including improved image processing, enhanced projection capabilities, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), are expected to drive further market expansion. The increasing demand for connected car features and the growing adoption of autonomous driving technology will also contribute to the growth of the AR HUD market. The integration of AR HUD with other ADAS features, such as lane keeping assist and adaptive cruise control, will further enhance safety and convenience, attracting more consumers. Over the next decade, the market is projected to witness significant growth, driven by continuous technological innovations and increasing consumer demand for advanced driver assistance systems.

Holographic Head Up Display Market Outlook

The holographic head-up display (HUD) market size is projected to grow from $1.2 billion in 2023 to an estimated $6.8 billion by 2032, reflecting a remarkable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.5%. This rapid growth is driven by increasing demand for advanced display technologies in automotive and aviation sectors, with significant contributions from the healthcare industry. The adoption of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies is also propelling the market forward, offering enhanced user experiences and operational efficiencies.

Several factors are fueling the growth of the holographic HUD market. Firstly, there is a significant increase in the adoption of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in the automotive industry. These systems rely heavily on HUDs to provide real-time information to drivers without diverting their attention from the road. The integration of AR and VR technologies into these systems enhances the overall driving experience, making it safer and more intuitive. Additionally, the rise of electric and autonomous vehicles is expected to further drive the demand for sophisticated HUDs, as these vehicles require advanced communication and display systems to operate effectively.

In the aviation sector, the need for enhanced situational awareness and safety is a major growth driver. Pilots can benefit immensely from HUDs that project critical flight information directly into their line of sight. This reduces the need to look down at traditional cockpit instruments, thereby improving reaction times and overall safety. The incorporation of AR technology in aviation HUDs is also gaining traction, providing pilots with real-time navigation and obstacle detection capabilities. These advancements are crucial for both commercial and military aviation, where precision and safety are paramount.

The healthcare industry is also emerging as a significant market for holographic HUDs. In medical settings, these displays can be used for various applications, including complex surgical procedures and training simulations. Surgeons can view critical patient data and 3D anatomical models in real-time, improving accuracy and outcomes. The use of mixed reality (MR) technologies in medical training provides a more immersive learning experience, allowing trainees to interact with virtual patients in a controlled environment. This not only enhances the learning process but also reduces the risk associated with real-life procedures.

The introduction of the Combiner Projected Head-Up Display (HUD) is revolutionizing the way information is presented to drivers and pilots. Unlike traditional HUDs, which project images directly onto the windshield or visor, combiner projected systems use a separate transparent screen, or combiner, to display data. This innovation allows for greater flexibility in design and placement, making it suitable for a wider range of vehicles and aircraft. The combiner acts as a dedicated surface for the display, reducing potential distortions and enhancing image clarity. This advancement is particularly beneficial in environments where space is limited, such as in compact cars or fighter jets, where maximizing visibility without compromising on information delivery is crucial.

From a regional perspective, North America is expected to dominate the holographic HUD market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The strong presence of key automotive and aviation manufacturers in North America, coupled with extensive research and development activities, is a major growth factor. EuropeÂ’s robust automotive industry and stringent safety regulations are driving the adoption of advanced HUDs in the region. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing rapid market growth due to increasing investments in automotive and aerospace sectors, particularly in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea.

Component Analysis

The holographic HUD market is segmented by component into display units, projectors, software, and others. Display units are critical as they form the core of the HUD system, responsible for projecting images and information. These units have seen substantial technological advancements, with OLED and LCD technologies being widely adopted. OLED displays, in particular, offer high contrast ratios and vibrant colors, enhancing the visual experience. The demand for high-resolution and large screen displays is increasing, driven by the need fo

Lists U.S. counties designated as Low Vacancy Areas for the purposes of the Tenant-Protection Vouchers (TPV) program set-aside for low-vacancy areas.The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) identifies low-vacancy areas for purposes of funding the Tenant Protection Vouchers (TPVs) set-aside for certain at-risk households in low-vacancy areas. The Department has set low-vacancy areas at the county level.Low-vacancy areas are set at the county level using occupancy rates for public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Occupancy data at the project level are obtained from the most recent Picture of Subsidized Households Report. For the purposes of the TPV set-aside, a low-vacancy area is defined to be an area with an occupancy rate for public housing and multifamily assisted properties greater than or equal to 90 percent.To ensure that vacancy rates are only counted for high quality units, the occupancy data is matched to the most recent Physical Inspection Scores data for both public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Properties with inspection scores below 60 are removed from the sample, as are properties that are missing inspection scores or occupancy rates.Project-level data is aggregated to the county level, and the total occupancy rate for each county is calculated. County-level occupancy rates are used for the determination of eligibility for TPV set-aside funding as long as at least ten units of public housing and multifamily assisted housing are included in the dataset.- Counties within a Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) that have less than ten units use the CBSA-level occupancy rates.- Counties outside of CBSAs with less than ten units use state-wide non-CBSA totals to calculate occupancy rates.- Counties in states with only CBSA counties or a state non-CBSA unit count below ten use national non-CBSA occupancy rates.To learn more about Low Vacancy Areas visit : https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/lowvactpv.html, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: Jun 30, 2024 - Jul 1, 2025Data Dictionary: DD_Low Vacancy Areas - Set-Aside Tenant Protection Voucher

To address the NASA need for an extravehicular activity (EVA) information display device, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to advance development of a new Projection/Reflection Heads-up Display (Pro/Ref-HUD) based on innovative integration of liquid crystal display (LCD) screen projectors, partially see-through optical reflectors and unique ergonomic designs. This approach enables the displayed image to meet NASA EVA requirements and is completely decoupled from the user's head while achieving full sunlight readability with automated rapid ambient light response. The Pro/Ref-HUD offers full-color, high-resolution collimated images, with large fields of view, highly suited to the space and weight constraints inside an astronaut's suit. In Phase I, POC successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the Pro/Ref-HUD system by designing, building, and testing a TRL-4 prototype. In this Phase II, POC proposes to develop a fully functional prototype to demonstrate sunlight readability and SXGA resolution, investigate thermal and radiation issues, and analyze ignition safety due to a 100% oxygen operating environment as well as vacuum and extreme temperature environments. The results to be developed and demonstrated in Phase II will offer NASA capabilities to perform EVA operations with heads-up displays internal to the helmet enhancing crew situation awareness, comfort, and safety.

HUDs are categorized into various product types, including:Video Generators: These devices process and generate the content displayed on the HUD.Projectors/Projection Units: These components project the generated content onto the display screen.Display Units: These units display the projected content, either on the windshield or a separate screen.Software: The software manages the overall functionality of the HUD system, including content management, display settings, and user interface. Recent developments include: January 2022: Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture-based SOAR, formerly Tohoku Pioneer Corporation Yonezawa Plant, will foster new demand for organic electroluminescent displays (ELDs). The business will sharpen its strategy for automotive head-up displays (HUDs), small, mobile vehicles, and emerging markets like smartwatches., December 2021: The Head-Up Display (HUD) technology will be incorporated into a fleet of future Karma vehicles as part of a partnership between WayRay and Karma Automotive. The production of virtual images at any distance and on many depth planes is made possible by the WayRay True Augmented Reality (True AR) and Deep Reality Display technology. A picture generating unit (PGU) projects a red, green, and blue (RGB) laser beam onto a holographic optical element to create images (HOE).. Key drivers for this market are: Enhanced Driver Safety: HUDs provide critical information in the driver's line of sight, minimizing distractions and improving safety. Technological Advancements: R&D efforts focus on incorporating AR, AI, and other technologies to enhance functionality and user experience.. Potential restraints include: Cost of Integration: Integrating HUDs into vehicles can be expensive, potentially limiting their adoption in lower-priced segments. Regulatory Compliance: Strict regulations on driver distraction can impact the design and functionality of HUD systems.. Notable trends are: Augmented Reality (AR) Integration: AR technologies enhance driver awareness and provide additional information, such as navigation instructions and road hazards. Voice Control and Gesture Recognition: Advanced HUDs integrate voice control and gesture recognition, allowing drivers to interact with the system without taking their hands off the wheel..