Fair Market Rents (FMRs) represent the estimated amount (base rent + essential utilities) that a property in a given area typically rents for. The data is primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program; however, FMRs are also used to:

Determine initial renewal rents for expiring project-based Section 8 contracts;

Determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), rent ceilings for rental units in both the HOME Investment Partnerships program and the Emergency Solution Grants (ESG) program;

Calculate of maximum award amounts for Continuum of Care recipients and the maximum amount of rent a recipient may pay for property leased with Continuum of Care funds, and;

Calculate flat rent amounts in Public Housing Units.

Data is updated annualy in accordance with 42 USC 1437f which requires FMRs be posted at least 30 days before they are effective and that they are effective at the start of the federal fiscal year, October 1st.In order to calculate rents for units with more than four bedrooms, an extra 15% cost is added to the four bedroom unit value. The formula is to multiply the four bedroom rent by 1.15. For example, in FY21 the rent for a four bedroom unit in the El Centro, California Micropolitan Statistical Area is $1,444. The rent for a five bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.15 or $1,661. Each subsequent bedroom is an additional 15%. A six bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.3 or $1,877. These values are not included in the feature service.

To learn more about Fair Market Rents visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr.html/, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Fair Market Rents

Date of Coverage: FY2024 : Oct. 1 - Sept. 30

Small Area Fair Market Rents (SAFMRs) are FMRs calculated for ZIP Codes within Metropolitan Areas. Small Area FMRs are required to be used to set Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher payment standards in areas designated by HUD (available here). Other Housing Agencies operating in non-designated metropolitan areas may opt-in to the use of Small Area FMRs. Furthermore, Small Area FMRs may be used as the basis for setting Exception Payment Standards – PHAs may set exception payment standards up to 110 percent of the Small Area FMR. PHAs administering Public Housing units may use Small Area FMRs as an alternative to metropolitan area-wide FMRs when calculating Flat Rents. Please See HUD’s Small Area FMR Final Rule for additional information regarding the uses of Small Area FMRs.Note that this service does not denote precise SAFMR geographies. Instead, the service utilizes a relationship class to associate the information for each SAFMR with the FMR areas that its ZCTA overlaps. For example, ZCTA 94558 overlaps the Santa Rosa, Napa, and Vallejo-Fairfield MSAs. Selecting that ZCTA will reveal the SAFMR information associated with each FMR area.

  To learn more about the Small Area Fair Market Rents visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/smallarea/index.html, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: Fiscal Year 2024Date Update: 10/2023

Picture of Subsidized Households describes households living in HUD-subsidized housing in Utah. This data set provides characteristics of assisted housing units and residents in Utah, summarized at the state, public housing agency (PHA), project, census tract, county, Core-Based Statistical Area and city levels as downloadable files

Fair Market Rents (FMRs) are primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program. FMRs are also used to determine the initial renewal rents for some expiring project-based Section 8 contracts, initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), and to serve as a rent ceiling in the HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME) for rental assistance. HUD annually estimates FMRs for 530 metropolitan areas and 2,045 nonmetropolitan county FMR areas. By law the final FMRs for use in any Fiscal Year must be published and available for use at the start of that Fiscal Year, on October 1. Learn about the Individual FMR Area Information for Fiscal Year 2016; view the documentation at the following website: http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/fmr/fmrs/docsys.html&data=fmr15

Original Release Date: Fiscal Year-2016

Last Revision Date: 05/11/2016

uTag: a771473b-923e-484a-8fb9-8b394dd42b13

Since passage of the U.S. Housing Act of 1937, the federal government has provided housing assistance to low-income renters. Most of these housing subsidies were provided under programs administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) or predecessor agencies. All programs covered in this report provide subsidies that reduce rents for low-income tenants who meet program eligibility requirements. Generally, households pay rent equal to 30 percent of their incomes, after deductions, while the federal government pays the remainder of rent or rental costs. To qualify for a subsidy, an applicant’s income must initially fall below a certain income limit. These income limits are HUD-determined, location specific, and vary by household size. Applicants for housing assistance are usually placed on a waiting list until a subsidized unit becomes available.Assistance provided under HUD programs falls into three categories: public housing, tenant-based, and privately owned, project-based.In public housing, local housing agencies receive allocations of HUD funding to build, operate or make improvements to housing. The housing is owned by the local agencies. Public housing is a form of project-based subsidy because households may receive assistance only if they agree to live at a particular public housing project.Currently, tenant based assistance is the most prevalent form of housing assistance provided. Historically, tenant based assistance began with the Section 8 certificate and voucher programs, which were created in 1974 and 1983, respectively. These programs were replaced by the Housing Choice Voucher program, under legislation enacted in 1998. Tenant based programs allow participants to find and lease housing in the private market. Local public housing agencies (PHAs) and some state agencies serving as PHAs enter into contracts with HUD to administer the programs. The PHAs then enter into contracts with private landlords. The housing must meet housing quality standards and other program requirements. The subsidies are used to supplement the rent paid by low-income households. Under tenant-based programs, assisted households may move and take their subsidy with them. The primary difference between certificates and vouchers is that under certificates, there was a maximum rent which the unit may not exceed. By contrast, vouchers have no specific maximum rent; the low-income household must pay any excess over the payment standard, an amount that is determined locally and that is based on the Fair Market Rent. HUD calculates the Fair Market Rent based on the 40th percentile of the gross rents paid by recent movers for non-luxury units meeting certain quality standards.The third major type of HUD rental assistance is a collection of programs generally referred to as multifamily assisted, or, privately-owned, project-based housing. These types of housing assistance fall under a collection of programs created during the last four decades. What these programs have in common is that they provide rental housing that is owned by private landlords who enter into contracts with HUD in order to receive housing subsidies. The subsidies pay the difference between tenant rent and total rental costs. The subsidy arrangement is termed project-based because the assisted household may not take the subsidy and move to another location. The single largest project-based program was the Section 8 program, which was created in 1974. This program allowed for new construction and substantial rehabilitation that was delivered through a wide variety of financing mechanisms. An important variant of project-based Section 8 was the Loan Management Set Aside (LMSA) program, which was provided in projects financed under Federal Housing Administration (FHA) programs that were not originally intended to provide deep subsidy rental assistance. Projects receiving these LMSA “piggyback” subsidies were developed under the Section 236 program, the Section 221(d)(3) Below Market Interest Rate (BMIR) program, and others that were unassisted when originally developed.Picture of Subsidized Households does not cover other housing

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) periodically receives "custom tabulations" of Census data from the U.S. Census Bureau that are largely not available through standard Census products. These datasets, known as "CHAS" (Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy) data, demonstrate the extent of housing problems and housing needs, particularly for low income households.

The primary purpose of CHAS data is to demonstrate the number of households in need of housing assistance. This is estimated by the number of households that have certain housing problems and have income low enough to qualify for HUD’s programs (primarily 30, 50, and 80 percent of median income).

CHAS data provides counts of the numbers of households that fit these HUD-specified characteristics in a variety of geographic areas. In addition to estimating low-income housing needs, CHAS data contributes to a more comprehensive market analysis by documenting issues like lead paint risks, "affordability mismatch," and the interaction of affordability with variables like age of homes, number of bedrooms, and type of building.

This dataset is a special tabulation of the 2016-2020 American Community Survey (ACS) and reflects conditions over that time period. The dataset uses custom HUD Area Median Family Income (HAMFI) figures calculated by HUD PDR staff based on 2016-2020 ACS income data.

CHAS datasets are used by Federal, State, and Local governments to plan how to spend, and distribute HUD program funds. To learn more about the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/cp.html To learn more about the American Community Survey (ACS), and associated datasets visit: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs Data Dictionary: DD_ACS 5-Year CHAS Estimate Data by Place Date of Coverage: 2016-2020

Denotes the service areas, and pertinent information associated with HUD's Regional Field Offices.HUD is organized into 10 Regions where each Region is managed by a Regional Administrator, who also oversees the Regional Office. Each Field Office within a Region is managed by a Field Office Director, who reports to the Regional Administrator. There is at least one HUD Field Office in every State and a total of 10 Regional Offices. Staff who answer the main office telephone will be able to respond to or direct your calls to the appropriate person.To learn more about the HUD Field Office Locations visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/regions/Regional.html, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_HUD Field Office JurisdictionsDate of Coverage: Current

2007 FMR (Fair Market Rents) Final Data (Effective October 1, 2006) Federal Register Preamble (.pdf, 168 KB) Schedule B - FMR Tables (.pdf, 252 KB) Schedule D - Manufactured Housing Exception (.pdf, 23 KB) County Level Data File (.xls, 2.55 MB)

Proposed Data Federal Register Preamble (.pdf, 128 KB) Schedule B - FMR Tables (.pdf, 6389 KB) Schedule D - Manufactured Housing Exception (.pdf, 62 KB) County Level Data File (.xls, 1.24 MB)

http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/fmr/fmr2007f/index.html

Fair Market Rents (FMRs) represent the estimated amount (base rent + essential utilities) that a property in a given area typically rents for. The data is primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program; however, FMRs are also used to:

Determine initial renewal rents for expiring project-based Section 8 contracts;

Determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), rent ceilings for rental units in both the HOME Investment Partnerships program and the Emergency Solution Grants (ESG) program;

Calculate of maximum award amounts for Continuum of Care recipients and the maximum amount of rent a recipient may pay for property leased with Continuum of Care funds, and;

Calculate flat rent amounts in Public Housing Units.

Data is updated annualy in accordance with 42 USC 1437f which requires FMRs be posted at least 30 days before they are effective and that they are effective at the start of the federal fiscal year, October 1st.In order to calculate rents for units with more than four bedrooms, an extra 15% cost is added to the four bedroom unit value. The formula is to multiply the four bedroom rent by 1.15. For example, in FY21 the rent for a four bedroom unit in the El Centro, California Micropolitan Statistical Area is $1,444. The rent for a five bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.15 or $1,661. Each subsequent bedroom is an additional 15%. A six bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.3 or $1,877. These values are not included in the feature service.

To learn more about Fair Market Rents visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr.html/

Data Dictionary: DD_Fair Market Rents

Date of Coverage: FY2022 Data Updated: Annuallyhttps://catalog.data.gov/dataset/fair-market-rents-fair-market-rents-for-the-section-8-housing-assistance-payments-program-

This dataset consists of the small area fair market rents (FMRs) published annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Small areas correspond to zip codes. The FMRs in this dataset are confined to the Atlanta metro area and include FMRs for the most recent year, the previous year and four years ago along with the percent change between those years. Small Area FMRs are required to be used to set Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher payment standards in areas designated by HUD. Additional information can be found at https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/smallarea/index.html.

2011 Small Area FMRs hud.gov dataset covering the commonwealth of Virginia.
reference:
http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/fmr/smallarea/index.html

Median family income (MFI) is calculated annually by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to help set income limits that determine eligibility for assisted housing programs. HUD uses the median income from the American Community Survey (ACS) as a baseline and then factors in the national consumer price index and other variables to establish an area MFI. For more information about how HUD calculates this value, please visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html

In 2006, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) began acquiring quarterly extracts of U.S. Postal Service (USPS) data and publishing this data as a possible indicator of blight and vacancy for cities nationwide. In this report, addresses coded as “no–stat” in the HUD data are used as proxies for blighted housing units in New Orleans because a parcel–by–parcel census of all properties in New Orleans is not available. (HUD data description available at: http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/usps.html)

HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) announced that HUD-USPS ZIP Code Crosswalk data are now available via an application programming interface (API). With this API, developers can easily access and customize crosswalk data for use in existing applications or to create new applications. To create an account and get an access token, please visit the API page here: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/dataset/uspszip-api.html.

Abstract

A crosswalk dataset matching US ZIP codes to corresponding census tracts

Documentation

The denominators used to calculate the address ratios are the ZIP code totals. When a ZIP is split by any of the other geographies, that ZIP code is duplicated in the crosswalk file.

**Example: **ZIP code 03870 is split by two different Census tracts, 33015066000 and 33015071000, which appear in the tract column. The ratio of residential addresses in the first ZIP-Tract record to the total number of residential addresses in the ZIP code is .0042 (.42%). The remaining residential addresses in that ZIP (99.58%) fall into the second ZIP-Tract record.

So, for example, if one wanted to allocate data from ZIP code 03870 to each Census tract located in that ZIP code, one would multiply the number of observations in the ZIP code by the residential ratio for each tract associated with that ZIP code.

https://redivis.com/fileUploads/4ecb405e-f533-4a5b-8286-11e56bb93368%3E" alt="">(Note that the sum of each ratio column for each distinct ZIP code may not always equal 1.00 (or 100%) due to rounding issues.)

Census tract definition

A census tract, census area, census district or meshblock is a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census. Sometimes these coincide with the limits of cities, towns or other administrative areas and several tracts commonly exist within a county. In unincorporated areas of the United States these are often arbitrary, except for coinciding with political lines.

Further reading

The following article demonstrates how to more effectively use the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) United States Postal Service ZIP Code Crosswalk Files when working with disparate geographies.

Wilson, Ron and Din, Alexander, 2018. “Understanding and Enhancing the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s ZIP Code Crosswalk Files,” Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, Volume 20 Number 2, 277 – 294. URL: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/cityscpe/vol20num2/ch16.pdf

Contact information

Questions regarding these crosswalk files can be directed to Alex Din with the subject line HUD-Crosswalks.

Acknowledgement

This dataset is taken from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) office: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/usps_crosswalk.html#codebook

This dataset contains data on permits for residential construction collected in the Census Bureau's Building Permits Survey. Data is aggregated to the county level. Data is only for final permits, not preliminary permits. Final permit data is published in May of the following year. Annual data are available from 1980 through the most recent reporting year, and may also contain imputed values. This dataset is part of the State of the Cities Data Systems (SOCDS).To retrieve the full database, including monthly permit totals and permit totals by metropolitan statistical area or municipalities, please visit: https://socds.huduser.gov/permits/To learn more about the Residential Construction Permit SOCDS, please visit: https://socds.huduser.gov/permits/help.htm, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Residential Construction Permits by CountyDate of Coverage: 1980 - 2022

Data for this service is derived from one of two sources: Rural Innovation Fund grantee applications describing proposed allocation areas using U.S. Census block geography, or block-level data identified and selected through the use of mapping tool available to applicants through HUDUSER.gov. Each Grantee was allowed up to three target area locations according to the RIF NOFA. Some Grantee locations serve the same target areas so the map layer does include some overlapping boundaries.

To learn more about the Rural Innovation Fund (RIF) Program visit: https://www.hud.gov/hudprograms/rural-innovation, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Rural Innovation Fund (RIF) Grantees

Difficult Development Areas (DDA) for the Low Income Housing Tax Credit program are designated by U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and defined in statute as areas with high construction, land, and utility costs relative to its Area Median Gross Income (AMGI). DDAs in metropolitan areas are designated along Census ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) boundaries. DDAs in non-metropolitan areas are designated along county boundaries. DDAs may not contain more than 20% of the aggregate population of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, which are designated separately. To learn more about Difficult Development Areas (DDA) visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/qct.html, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Difficult Development Areas Date of Coverage: 2024-2025Last Updated: 01-2025

Lists U.S. counties designated as Low Vacancy Areas for the purposes of the Tenant-Protection Vouchers (TPV) program set-aside for low-vacancy areas.The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) identifies low-vacancy areas for purposes of funding the Tenant Protection Vouchers (TPVs) set-aside for certain at-risk households in low-vacancy areas. The Department has set low-vacancy areas at the county level.Low-vacancy areas are set at the county level using occupancy rates for public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Occupancy data at the project level are obtained from the most recent Picture of Subsidized Households Report. For the purposes of the TPV set-aside, a low-vacancy area is defined to be an area with an occupancy rate for public housing and multifamily assisted properties greater than or equal to 90 percent.To ensure that vacancy rates are only counted for high quality units, the occupancy data is matched to the most recent Physical Inspection Scores data for both public housing and multifamily assisted properties. Properties with inspection scores below 60 are removed from the sample, as are properties that are missing inspection scores or occupancy rates.Project-level data is aggregated to the county level, and the total occupancy rate for each county is calculated. County-level occupancy rates are used for the determination of eligibility for TPV set-aside funding as long as at least ten units of public housing and multifamily assisted housing are included in the dataset.- Counties within a Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) that have less than ten units use the CBSA-level occupancy rates.- Counties outside of CBSAs with less than ten units use state-wide non-CBSA totals to calculate occupancy rates.- Counties in states with only CBSA counties or a state non-CBSA unit count below ten use national non-CBSA occupancy rates.To learn more about Low Vacancy Areas visit : https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/lowvactpv.html, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Date of Coverage: Jun 30, 2024 - Jul 1, 2025Data Dictionary: DD_Low Vacancy Areas - Set-Aside Tenant Protection Voucher

Provides grantee information for the third round of Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) formula funding (referred to as NSP3) authorized under Section 1497 of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.The Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) provides emergency assistance to state and local governments for the acquisition and redevelopment of foreclosed properties that might otherwise become sources of abandonment and blight within their communities.Section 1497 of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, also known as the Dodd-Frank Act, provided a third round of funding in 2010. NSP3 provides grants to states, local governments, nonprofits and a consortium of nonprofit entities on a competitive basis.Grantee target area data provided through this service was created from user generated areas drawn by grantees using the NSP3 online map tool at available at https://www.huduser.org/NSP/NSP3.html. . To learn more about the Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) visit: https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/nsp/, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_NSP3 Grantee Target AreasDate of Coverage: 12/2014