(1) The Human Development Index (HDI) is compiled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country's comprehensive development in the areas of health, education, and economy according to the UNDP's calculation formula.(2) Explanation: (1) The HDI value ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values being better. (2) Due to our country's non-membership in the United Nations and its special international situation, the index is calculated by our department according to the UNDP formula using our country's data. The calculation of the comprehensive index for each year is mainly based on the data of various indicators adopted by the UNDP. (3) In order to have the same baseline for international comparison, the comprehensive index and rankings are not retroactively adjusted after being published.(3) Notes: (1) The old indicators included life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate, gross enrollment ratio, and average annual income per person calculated by purchasing power parity. (2) The indicators were updated to include life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and nominal gross national income (GNI) calculated by purchasing power parity. Starting in 2011, the GNI per capita was adjusted from nominal value to real value to exclude the impact of price changes. Additionally, the HDI calculation method has changed from arithmetic mean to geometric mean. (3) The calculation method for indicators in the education domain changed from geometric mean to simple average due to retrospective adjustments in the 2014 Human Development Report for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010-2012. Since 2016, the education domain has adopted data compiled by the Ministry of Education according to definitions from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

In 2021, the Human Development Index (HDI) score for Luxembourg was *****, compared to ***** the previous year. The Human Devlopment Index (HDI) is a measure of well-being of a country's citizens, taking into account three factors; per capita income, life expectancy, and education.

Human Development Index (HDI) in 2004, 2010, and 2017 and the average HDI during 2004–2017.

Indicators for the construction of EDI.

The description of the Environment Degradation Index (EDI) and its sub-indicators (average value from 2004 to 2017) for 29 provinces in China.

Estimation results of the robustness test.

(1) Gender Inequality Index (GII) is compiled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure gender inequality in the areas of reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market. Our country calculates the index based on the UNDP formula.(2) Explanation: (1) GII is used to measure the difference in development achievements between the two genders, with a value between 0 and 1, where a smaller value is better. (2) Due to our country's non-membership in the United Nations and unique international situation, the index is calculated by our department according to the UNDP formula, incorporating our country's data. The calculation of the composite index for each year mainly uses the data year of various indicators adopted by UNDP. (3) In order to have the same standard for international comparison, the composite index and rankings, once published, will not be retrospectively adjusted.(3) Notes: (1) In 2011, UNDP adjusted the formula for the maternal mortality ratio in the Human Development Report, resulting in a significant decrease in GII values for each country, and the data for retrospective adjustments will not be re-ranked. (2) The original indicator "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-64" has been changed to "Labor force participation rate for ages 15 and above"; UNDP has not released the global GII ranking for 2016.

Conceptual framework of the index system of human well-being (HWB).

The Gender Gap Index quantifies the gaps between women and men in four key areas: health, education, economy, and politics. Data is available from 149 countries for select years between 2010-2021. Scores are based on the level of access women have to resources and opportunities relative to men.