The average for 2023 based on 184 countries was 0.744 points. The highest value was in Iceland: 0.972 points and the lowest value was in South Africa: 0.388 points. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

These test data files were used to debug the code used in the following study: "Is the Gini Coefficient Enough? A Microeconomic Data Decomposition Study."

List of test data: 1. it14ih.dta - household-level dataset for Italy. 2. it14ip.dta - person-level dataset for Italy. 3. mx16ih.dta - household-level dataset for Mexico. 4. mx16ip.dta - person-level dataset for Mexico. 5. us18ih.dta - household-level dataset for the USA. 6. us18ip.dta - person-level dataset for the USA.

All files can be used for testing/debugging of the following scripts: lis_theil.R, lis_scv.R, lis_theil_functions.R, lis_scv_functions.R.

These datasets were donloaded from the following website. https://www.lisdatacenter.org/resources/self-teaching/.

The global Multidimensional Poverty Index provides the only comprehensive measure available for non-income poverty, which has become a critical underpinning of the SDGs. The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measures multidimensional poverty in over 100 developing countries, using internationally comparable datasets and is updated annually. The measure captures the acute deprivations that each person faces at the same time using information from 10 indicators, which are grouped into three equally weighted dimensions: health, education, and living standards. Critically, the MPI comprises variables that are already reported under the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS), the Multi-Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and in some cases, national surveys.

The subnational multidimensional poverty data from the data tables are published by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. For the details of the global MPI methodology, please see the latest Methodological Notes found here.

Mexico scored 0.78 in the gender gap index in 2025. This shows a gender gap of approximately 22 percent (women are 22 percent less likely to have equal opportunities than men). Since 2017, Mexico's score has been overall continuously increasing, which shows an improvement towards gender equality.

Institutional Biosafety Committees from Mexico 2009-mid 2023. The data included here shows the registered IBCs in Mexico from 2009 to mid 2023 and their institutional profile. For comparison, the number of IBCs from Brazil 2024, Pakistan 2024 and the USA 2022 and sociodemographic data for all these countries (population, population density, state GDP (GSP), Human development Index (2021) is also included.

State GDP shows a significant correlation with the number of IBCs registered in each state for all the countries tested, whereas HDI shows no correlation at all. For population and population density, the results are not so consistent and require further research.

All these data come from public databases and public requests of information to respective authorities.

The statistic depicts the literacy rate in Mexico from 2008 to 2020. The literacy rate measures the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can read and write. In 2020, Mexico's literacy rate was around 95.25 percent. The source does not provide data for 2019.Education in MexicoThe literacy rate is commonly defined as the share of people in a country who are older than 15 years and are able to read and write. In Mexico, a state with more than 115 million inhabitants, the literacy rate is above 90 percent, making it significantly higher than the global average. More than 70 percent of Mexico’s population is older than 15 years, a figure than has been quite consistent over the last ten years. Mexico’s compulsory education comprises grades 1 to 9, with an optional secondary education up to grade 12. Literacy is considered basic education. The lowest literacy rates can be found in African countries, the highest in Europe. Additionally, the literacy rate is one of the factors that determines a country’s ranking on the Human Development Index of the United Nations, which ranks the overall well-being of a country’s population. Apart from literacy, it also includes factors such as per-capita income, health and life expectancy and others. Mexico is currently not among the countries with the highest Human Development Index value.

Mexico Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data was reported at 4.100 % in 2021. Mexico Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data is updated yearly, averaging 4.100 % from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2021, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.100 % in 2021 and a record low of 4.100 % in 2021. Mexico Multidimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio: UNDP: % of total population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (UNDP) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to UNDPs multidimensional poverty index. The index includes three dimensions -- health, education, and living standards.;Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2023). ‘The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 country results and methodological note’, OPHI MPI Methodological Note 55, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. (https://ophi.org.uk/mpi-methodological-note-55-2/);;

School life expectancy, secondary, gender parity index (GPI) in Mexico was reported at 1.0834 GPI in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mexico - School life expectancy, secondary, gender parity index - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Mexico MX: School Enrollment: Secondary: Female: % Net data was reported at 79.450 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 78.608 % for 2016. Mexico MX: School Enrollment: Secondary: Female: % Net data is updated yearly, averaging 69.479 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2017, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.450 % in 2017 and a record low of 53.853 % in 1999. Mexico MX: School Enrollment: Secondary: Female: % Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Education Statistics. Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/); Weighted average;

Abstract The municipality of Tlajomulco de Zúñiga has been transformed, in recent decades, by conurbation processes in the metropolis of Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico, causing a deterioration of its social and environmental landscape. The traditional and rural landscape changes due to urban growth with the loss of natural, productive, and cultural resources. Observing the environment of the municipalities in conurbation, from the perception of the landscape of its inhabitants, shows the identity, participatory and deterioration nuances in the transition from rural to urban areas, as well as the search for development alternatives in the recognition and conservation of the agroecological landscape. The methodology for its interpretation is the reading of images of the landscape of the inhabitants of the place who, from early age, perceive the landscape dimensions of water, community, soil and flora and fauna, in their relationship with sustainability and food sovereignty. The objective is to apply a methodology for identify the elements that make up the layout of the agroecological landscape to indicate the conditions of its necessary heritage conservation in human development. Landscape valorization tools recognize an image of the landscape elements that make up for the systematization and classification of what is observed, up to the analysis and synthesis of the relationship between perceived elements.

Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index (GPI) in Mexico was reported at 1.0438 GPI in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Mexico - Gross enrolment ratio, primary and lower secondary, gender parity index - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

This Database provides estimates of the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) an international measure of acute poverty. More specifically, it contains harmonised level estimates and their changes over time of the global MPI and related sub-indices, which have been estimated for the 2024 release. For this Database all deprivation indicators have been harmonised over time.

The Database covers estimates for 86 countries and 863 subnational regions. 40 of the 86 countries have trends for two points in time, while poverty trends in 36 countries are based on three points in time. Six countries (Benin, Eswatini, Nigeria, Philippines, Tanzania, and Thailand) have results for four points in time, three countries (Ghana, Mexico and Peru) for five time periods and Nepal have trends for six time periods. The estimates are based on 233 individual survey datasets, mostly the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The Database is organised in two results files, one for level estimates and one for change estimates. Both results files are each provided in Stata format (dta) and comma separated values (csv). This repository also contains the computer script files to extract and clean the micro data for replication purposes (i.e. the Stata do-files).

In 2022, about 40 percent of adults in Mexico held a net worth under 10,000 U.S. dollars. In contrast, merely 393,000 Mexicans (that is, 0.4 percent of the total) had a net worth of over one million U.S. dollars. Mexico is one of the most unequal countries in Latin America regarding wealth distribution, with 78.7 percent of the national wealth held by the richest ten percent of the population.

The minimum salaryThe minimum wage per day guaranteed by law in Mexico was decreed to increase by 22 percent between 2021 and 2022, reaching 172.87 Mexican pesos in 2022. In the Free Zone located near the northern border the minimum daily wage was raised to 260.34 Mexican pesos.This represented the fourth consecutive incrase since 2019, but could prove to be insufficient to maintain the wellbeing of Mexican workers after the soaring inflation rate registered in 2022 and the economic impact of the COVID-19 in Mexican households. The legal minimum salary has a long history in the North American country, it was first implemented with the approval of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States in 1917. Income inequality in Latin AmericaLatin America, as other developing regions in the world, generally records high rates of inequality, with a Gini coefficient ranging between 38 and 54 among the region’s countries. Moreover, many of the countries with the biggest inequality in income distribution worldwide are found in Latin America. According to the Human Development Report 2019, wealth redistribution by means of tax transfers improves Latin America's Gini coefficient to a lesser degree than it does in advanced economies. Wider access to education and health services, on the other hand, have been proven to have a greater direct effect in improving Gini coefficient measurements in the region.