******* had the highest level of the Human Development Index (HDI) worldwide in 2023 with a value of *****. With a score of ****, ****** followed closely behind *********** and had the second-highest level of human development in that year. The rise of the Asian tigers In the decades after the Cold War, the four so-called Asian tigers, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (now a Special Administrative Region of China) experienced rapid economic growth and increasing human development. At number eight and number 13 of the HDI, respectively, *********************** are the only Asian locations within the top-15 highest HDI scores. Both locations have experienced tremendous economic growth since the 1980’s and 1990’s. In 1980, the per capita GDP of Hong Kong was ***** U.S. dollars, increasing throughout the decades until reaching ****** in 2023, which is expected to continue to increase in the future. Meanwhile, in 1989, Singapore had a GDP of nearly ** billion U.S. dollars, which has risen to nearly *** billion U.S. dollars today and is also expected to keep increasing. Growth of the UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is the only Middle Eastern country besides Israel within the highest ranking HDI scores globally. Within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the UAE has the third-largest GDP behind Saudi Arabia and Israel, reaching nearly *** billion U.S. dollars by 2022. Per capita, the UAE GDP was around ****** U.S. dollars in 1989, and has nearly doubled to ****** U.S. dollars by 2021. Moreover, this is expected to reach over ****** U.S. dollars by 2029. On top of being a major oil producer, the UAE has become a hub for finance and business and attracts millions of tourists annually.

Japon: Human Development Index (0 - 1): Pour cet indicateur, The United Nations fournit des données pour la Japon de 1980 à 2023. La valeur moyenne pour Japon pendant cette période était de 0.873 points avec un minimum de 0.772 points en 1980 et un maximum de 0.925 points en 2021.

In 2024, the overall gender gap index score in Japan reached approximately 0.66 points, with educational attainment being the highest-ranked category with a score of nearly one point. While Japan ranked high in education and health categories, political empowerment stood well below 0.1 index points. This was 113th out of 146 nations covered by the global gender gap index.Overall, Japan ranked in 118th place out of 146 countries benchmarked, coming far behind other G-7 nations in gender equality. Low female representation in politics While Japan has closed its gender gap in educational attainment and ranked high in health and survival, politics in Japan is still male-dominated. The lack of women’s political empowerment becomes evident when looking at the proportion of women holding leadership positions in politics. As of 2023, 26.7 percent of diet members in the House of Councilors were women. The underrepresentation of women in politics is even more evident in more rural parts of Japan. Women's economic participation A lack of female representation in politics is not conducive to shaping economic participation for women. Economic participation and opportunity in Japan scored 0.57 points in 2024, ranking place 120 out of 146. While the share of women in the workforce has increased significantly in past decades, women are more likely than men to work in non-regular employment and are less often in leadership positions. Japan’s non-favorable ranking in economic participation was mainly due to the small share of women holding leadership positions in the government, organizations, and the private sector.

In 2024, the overall gender gap index score in Japan reached 0.66 points, a slight increase compared to recent years. Japan ranked 118th out of 146 countries covered by the global gender gap index, placing the country far behind other G7 nations. Reasons behind Japan’s low ranking  Japan’s gender gap score in education and health indicated a closed or almost closed gender gap. However, in terms of political empowerment, Japan ranked well below the average global score, placing it among the lowest ranks within East Asia and the Pacific region. A high disparity between men and women in economic participation was another crucial reason for Japan’s poor ranking compared to other industrial nations. The low scores were mainly due to the nation’s small number of female parliamentarians, as well as a low ratio of women in managerial positions. Women in Japan Modern Japanese women enjoy more freedom, have better access to education, and have broader job opportunities compared to previous generations. Yet, traditional gender roles and male favoritism are still pervasive in Japanese culture. Japan's ongoing discussion on gender equality measures, or the lack thereof, is often highlighted in local and international media. The Japanese government currently aims to achieve a significant increase in female proportion in the political, judicial, and economic fields by the end of 2025, targeting 30 percent or more of the female share in a broad range of positions. This might fast-track the long-overdue generational change, which seems necessary to incite diversity in the country.

Descriptive statistics of comprehensive evaluation index data of urban low-carbon development level.