13 datasets found
  1. Annual life expectancy in the United States 1850-2100

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 31, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Annual life expectancy in the United States 1850-2100 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040079/life-expectancy-united-states-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 31, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    From the mid-19th century until today, life expectancy at birth in the United States has roughly doubled, from 39.4 years in 1850 to 79.6 years in 2025. It is estimated that life expectancy in the U.S. began its upward trajectory in the 1880s, largely driven by the decline in infant and child mortality through factors such as vaccination programs, antibiotics, and other healthcare advancements. Improved food security and access to clean water, as well as general increases in living standards (such as better housing, education, and increased safety) also contributed to a rise in life expectancy across all age brackets. There were notable dips in life expectancy; with an eight year drop during the American Civil War in the 1860s, a seven year drop during the Spanish Flu empidemic in 1918, and a 2.5 year drop during the Covid-19 pandemic. There were also notable plateaus (and minor decreases) not due to major historical events, such as that of the 2010s, which has been attributed to a combination of factors such as unhealthy lifestyles, poor access to healthcare, poverty, and increased suicide rates, among others. However, despite the rate of progress slowing since the 1950s, most decades do see a general increase in the long term, and current UN projections predict that life expectancy at birth in the U.S. will increase by another nine years before the end of the century.

  2. Life expectancy among the male English aristocracy 1200-1745

    • statista.com
    Updated Apr 26, 1990
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    Statista (1990). Life expectancy among the male English aristocracy 1200-1745 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1102957/life-expectancy-english-aristocracy/
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 26, 1990
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United Kingdom (England)
    Description

    It is only in the past two centuries where demographics and the development of human populations has emerged as a subject in its own right, as industrialization and improvements in medicine gave way to exponential growth of the world's population. There are very few known demographic studies conducted before the 1800s, which means that modern scholars have had to use a variety of documents from centuries gone by, along with archeological and anthropological studies, to try and gain a better understanding of the world's demographic development. Genealogical records One such method is the study of genealogical records from the past; luckily, there are many genealogies relating to European families that date back as far as medieval times. Unfortunately, however, all of these studies relate to families in the upper and elite classes; this is not entirely representative of the overall population as these families had a much higher standard of living and were less susceptible to famine or malnutrition than the average person (although elites were more likely to die during times of war). Nonetheless, there is much to be learned from this data. Impact of the Black Death In the centuries between 1200 and 1745, English male aristocrats who made it to their 21st birthday were generally expected to live to an age between 62 and 72 years old. The only century where life expectancy among this group was much lower was in the 1300s, where the Black Death caused life expectancy among adult English noblemen to drop to just 45 years. Experts assume that the pre-plague population of England was somewhere between four and seven million people in the thirteenth century, and just two million in the fourteenth century, meaning that Britain lost at least half of its population due to the plague. Although the plague only peaked in England for approximately eighteen months, between 1348 and 1350, it devastated the entire population, and further outbreaks in the following decades caused life expectancy in the decade to drop further. The bubonic plague did return to England sporadically until the mid-seventeenth century, although life expectancy among English male aristocrats rose again in the centuries following the worst outbreak, and even peaked at more than 71 years in the first half of the sixteenth century.

  3. Historical life expectancy from birth in selected regions 33-1875

    • statista.com
    Updated Dec 31, 2006
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    Statista (2006). Historical life expectancy from birth in selected regions 33-1875 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1069683/life-expectancy-historical-areas/
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 31, 2006
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Sweden, United Kingdom (England), France, Japan, Egypt
    Description

    For most of the world, throughout most of human history, the average life expectancy from birth was around 24. This figure fluctuated greatly depending on the time or region, and was higher than 24 in most individual years, but factors such as pandemics, famines, and conflicts caused regular spikes in mortality and reduced life expectancy. Child mortality The most significant difference between historical mortality rates and modern figures is that child and infant mortality was so high in pre-industrial times; before the introduction of vaccination, water treatment, and other medical knowledge or technologies, women would have around seven children throughout their lifetime, but around half of these would not make it to adulthood. Accurate, historical figures for infant mortality are difficult to ascertain, as it was so prevalent, it took place in the home, and was rarely recorded in censuses; however, figures from this source suggest that the rate was around 300 deaths per 1,000 live births in some years, meaning that almost one in three infants did not make it to their first birthday in certain periods. For those who survived to adolescence, they could expect to live into their forties or fifties on average. Modern figures It was not until the eradication of plague and improvements in housing and infrastructure in recent centuries where life expectancy began to rise in some parts of Europe, before industrialization and medical advances led to the onset of the demographic transition across the world. Today, global life expectancy from birth is roughly three times higher than in pre-industrial times, at almost 73 years. It is higher still in more demographically and economically developed countries; life expectancy is over 82 years in the three European countries shown, and over 84 in Japan. For the least developed countries, mostly found in Sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy from birth can be as low as 53 years.

  4. e

    Life-Expectancy in Germany, 1700 to 1890. - Dataset - B2FIND

    • b2find.eudat.eu
    Updated May 1, 2023
    + more versions
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    (2023). Life-Expectancy in Germany, 1700 to 1890. - Dataset - B2FIND [Dataset]. https://b2find.eudat.eu/dataset/f4e16b19-80f0-5644-b9d9-a76ce091c4ea
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    Dataset updated
    May 1, 2023
    Area covered
    Deutschland
    Description

    Keywords; Search terms: historical time series; historical statistics; histat / HISTAT . Abstract: In this study the constantly rising human life expectancy since the beginning of the 18th century is analysed in some regions of Germany in comparative point of view. On the basis of worldwide singular sources in terms of clan registers of villages and localities as well as flow sheets the researcher Arthur E. Imhof and his research group of the ‘Freie Universität Berlin’ analysed more than 130.000 individual biografies from the 17th till the 19th century in six regions of northern, southern and central Germany. Aim of this research project was to compile area life-tables and to compute the life-expectancy. To enable comparisons with life-expectancy-calculations of today, all data originally prepared by generations are transformed into period-tables according to modern demografic methods. Topics Regional and national datafiles on populationstructure, development of mortality, historical demography, family structure, date of birth, marriages, number of birth, date of death, cause of death, locality of death, occupation, occupation of the parents. This study is available as SPSS-Data file as well as a downloadable EXCEL-Data-File, offered via the online-downloadsystem HISTAT (Historical Statistics). In HISTAT timeseries data are available. Categorisation in HISTAT: In HISTAT an excerpt of the archived total data stock is offered. The total data stock can be ordered as individual personal data at GESIS, Data Archive and Data Analysis. A. Datatables about mortality (14 tables, timeseries) B. Synoptical mortality tables (14 tables, timeseries) C. Datatables about life expectancy (14 tables, timeseries) D. Synoptical tables: all regions (without Hamburg) by sex in periodical presentation. (14 tables, timeseries) Stichworte: historische Zeitreihen; historische Statistik; histat / HISTAT . Inhalt: In dieser Untersuchung wird die seit dem Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts stetig gestiegende menschliche Lebenserwartung in komparativer Perspektive in einigen Regionen Deutschlands untersucht. Wie lange lebten unsere Vorfahren im 17., 18., 19. Jahrhundert? Wie lange lebten die Männer, wie lange die Frauen? Wieviele Neugeborene überlebten das Säuglingsalter, die Kindheit, die Jugend; wie viele wurden erwachsen? Auf der Grundlage eines weltweit einzigartigen Quellenmaterials in Form von Dorf- und Ortssippenbüchern sowie Stammtafeln hat Arthur E. Imhof mit einer Forschergruppe an der Freien Universität Berlin weit über 130.000 individuelle Lebensdaten vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert in sechs Regionen Nord-, Mittel- und Süddeutschlands untersucht und nach modernen demographischen Methoden analysiert, um diese leitenden Forschungsfragen zu beantworten. Ziel des Projektes war es, für ausgewählte Gebiete Deutschlands Sterbetafeln zu erstellen und Lebenserwartungen zu berechnen. Um direkte Vergleiche mit heutigen Lebenserwartungsberechnungen zu erlauben, wurden sämtliche ursprünglich nach Generationen aufbereiteten Daten entsprechend heutiger statistisch-demographischer Verfahren auch in Periodentafeln umgewandelt. Themen: Regionale sowie nationale Datensätze zur Bevölkerungsstruktur, Entwicklung der Sterblichkeit, Historische Demographie, Familienstruktur, Geburtsdatum, Heiratsdatum, Anzahl Geburten, Todesdatum, Todesursache, Todesort, Beruf, Elternberuf. Diese Studie liegt sowohl in Form von SPSS-Datenfiles als auch als downloadbare EXCEL-Dateien in der ZA-Onlinedatenbank Historische Statistik (HISTAT) vor. Untergliederung in HISTAT: Die folgende Tabellenübersicht für HISTAT stellt einen Ausschnitt aus dem archivierten Gesamtbestand dar. Der komplette Datenbestand wird durch das Zentralarchiv in Form der individuellen Personendaten auf Anfrage bereitgestellt. A. Tabellen der Sterbewahrscheinlichkeiten A.1.G. Generationentabelle: Hamburg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) A.1.P. Periodentabelle: Hamburg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) A.2.G. Generationentabelle: Ostfriesland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) A.2.P. Periodentabelle: Ostfriesland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) A.3.G. Generationentabelle: Hartum, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1790) A.3.P. Periodentabelle: Hartum, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) A.4.G. Generationentabelle: Schwalm, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) A.4.P. Periodentabelle: Schwalm, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) A.5.G. Generationentabelle: Saarland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) A.5.P. Periodentabelle: Saarland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) A.6.G. Generationentabelle: Herrenberg (Südwestdeutschland), Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) A.6.P. Periodentabelle: Herrenberg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) A.7.G. Generationentabelle: Ortenau, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) A.7.P. Periodentabelle: Ortenau, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) B. Stark abgekürzte Tabellen der Sterbewahrscheinlichkeiten B.1.G. Generationentabelle: Hamburg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) B.1.P. Periodentabelle: Hamburg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) B.2.G. Generationentabelle: Ostfriesland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) B.2.P. Periodentabelle: Ostfriesland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) B.3.G. Generationentabelle: Hartum, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1790) B.3.P. Periodentabelle: Hartum, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) B.4.G. Generationentabelle: Schwalm, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) B.4.P. Periodentabelle: Schwalm, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) B.5.G. Generationentabelle: Saarland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) B.5.P. Periodentabelle: Saarland, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) B.6.G. Generationentabelle: Herrenberg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) B.6.P. Periodentabelle: Herrenberg, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) B.7.G. Generationentabelle: Ortenau, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740- 1850) B.7.P. Periodentabelle: Ortenau, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C. Tabellen der Lebenserwartung C.1.G. Generationentabelle: Hamburg, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.1.P. Periodentabelle: Hamburg, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.2.G. Generationentabelle: Ostfriesland, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.2.P. Periodentabelle: Ostfriesland, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.3.G. Generationentabelle: Hartum, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1690-1790) C.3.P. Periodentabelle: Hartum, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.4.G. Generationentabelle: Schwalm, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) C.4.P. Periodentabelle: Schwalm, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1690-1850) C.5.G. Generationentabelle: Saarland, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.5.P. Periodentabelle: Saarland, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.6.G. Generationentabelle: Herrenberg (Südwestdeutschland), Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1690-1890) C.6.P. Periodentabelle: Herrenberg, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1690-1890) C.7.G. Generationentabelle: Ortenau, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) C.7.P. Periodentabelle: Ortenau, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) D. Übersichtstabellen: Sämtliche Gebiete (ohne Hamburg) nach Geschlecht in Periodendarstellung D.1.P.i Periodentabelle: Übersicht, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) D.1.P.m Periodentabelle: Übersicht, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), männlich (1740-1850) D.1.P.w Periodentabelle: Übersicht, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit (qx), weiblich (1740-1850) D.2.P.i Periodentabelle: Überblick, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) D.2.P.m Periodentabelle: Überblick, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, männlich (1740-1850) D.2.P.w Periodentabelle: Überblick, Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit - stark abgekürzt, weiblich (1740-1850) D.3.P.i Periodentabelle: Überblick, Lebenserwartung (ex), beide Geschlechter (1740-1850) D.3.P.m Periodentabelle: Überblick, Lebenserwartung (ex), männlich (1740-1850) D.3.P.w Periodentabelle: Überblick, Lebenserwartung (ex), weiblich (1740-1850)

  5. Life expectancy in the United Kingdom 1765-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in the United Kingdom 1765-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040159/life-expectancy-united-kingdom-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    1765 - 2020
    Area covered
    United Kingdom
    Description

    Life expectancy in the United Kingdom was below 39 years in the year 1765, and over the course of the next two and a half centuries, it is expected to have increased by more than double, to 81.1 by the year 2020. Although life expectancy has generally increased throughout the UK's history, there were several times where the rate deviated from its previous trajectory. These changes were the result of smallpox epidemics in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, new sanitary and medical advancements throughout time (such as compulsory vaccination), and the First world War and Spanish Flu epidemic in the 1910s.

  6. Life expectancy in India 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in India 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041383/life-expectancy-india-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    India
    Description

    Life expectancy in India was 25.4 in the year 1800, and over the course of the next 220 years, it has increased to almost 70. Between 1800 and 1920, life expectancy in India remained in the mid to low twenties, with the largest declines coming in the 1870s and 1910s; this was because of the Great Famine of 1876-1878, and the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918-1919, both of which were responsible for the deaths of up to six and seventeen million Indians respectively; as well as the presence of other endemic diseases in the region, such as smallpox. From 1920 onwards, India's life expectancy has consistently increased, but it is still below the global average.

  7. Life expectancy in Ireland from 1845 to 2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 12, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in Ireland from 1845 to 2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1072200/life-expectancy-ireland-historical/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 12, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Ireland
    Description

    At the beginning of the 1840s, life expectancy from birth in Ireland was just over 38 years. However, this figure would see a dramatic decline with the beginning of the Great Famine in 1845, and dropped below 21 years in the second half of the decade (in 1849 alone, life expectancy fell to just 14 years). The famine came as a result of a Europe-wide potato blight, which had a disproportionally devastating impact on the Irish population due to the dependency on potatoes (particularly in the south and east), and the prevalence of a single variety of potato on the island that allowed the blight to spread faster than in other areas of Europe. Additionally, authorities forcefully redirected much of the country's surplus grain to the British mainland, which exacerbated the situation. Within five years, mass starvation would contribute to the deaths of over one million people on the island, while a further one million would emigrate; this also created a legacy of emigration from Ireland, which saw the population continue to fall until the mid-1900s, and the total population of the island is still well below its pre-famine level of 8.5 million people.

    Following the end of the Great Famine, life expectancy would begin to gradually increase in Ireland, as post-famine reforms would see improvements in the living standards of the country’s peasantry, most notably the Land Wars, a largely successful series of strikes, boycotts and protests aimed at reform of the country's agricultural land distribution, which began in the 1870s and lasted into the 20th century. As these reforms were implemented, life expectancy in Ireland would rise to more than fifty years by the turn of the century. While this rise would slow somewhat in the 1910s, due to the large number of Irish soldiers who fought in the First World War and the Spanish Flu pandemic, as well as the period of civil unrest leading up to the island's partition in 1921, life expectancy in Ireland would rise greatly in the 20th century. In the second half of the 20th century, Ireland's healthcare system and living standards developed similarly to the rest of Western Europe, and today, it is often ranks among the top countries globally in terms of human development, GDP and quality of healthcare. With these developments, the increase in life expectancy from birth in Ireland was relatively constant in the first century of independence, and in 2020 is estimated to be 82 years.

  8. Life expectancy in Canada, 1800-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in Canada, 1800-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041135/life-expectancy-canada-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    1800 - 2020
    Area covered
    Canada
    Description

    Life expectancy in Canada was just below forty in the year 1800, and over the course of the next 220 years, it is expected to have increased by more than double to 82.2 by the year 2020. Throughout this time, life expectancy in Canada progressed at a steady rate, with the most noticeable changes coming during the interwar period, where the rate of increase was affected by the Spanish Flu epidemic and both World Wars.

  9. Life expectancy in Russia, 1845-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in Russia, 1845-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041395/life-expectancy-russia-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    1845 - 2020
    Area covered
    Russia
    Description

    Life expectancy in Russia was 29.6 in the year 1845, and over the course of the next 175 years, it is expected to have increased to 72.3 years by 2020. Generally speaking, Russian life expectancy has increased over this 175 year period, however events such as the World Wars, Russian Revolution and a series of famines caused fluctuations before the mid-twentieth century, where the rate fluctuated sporadically. Between 1945 and 1950, Russian life expectancy more than doubled in this five year period, and it then proceeded to increase until the 1970s, when it then began to fall again. Between 1970 and 2005, the number fell from 68.5 to 65, before it then grew again in more recent years.

  10. Life expectancy in Japan, 1860-2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in Japan, 1860-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041369/life-expectancy-japan-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    1860 - 2020
    Area covered
    Japan
    Description

    Life expectancy in Japan was 36.4 in the year 1860, and over the course of the next 160 years, it is expected to have increased to 84.4, which is the second highest in the world (after Monaco). Although life expectancy has generally increased throughout Japan's history, there were several times where the rate deviated from its previous trajectory. These changes were a result of the Spanish Flu in the 1910s, the Second World War in the 1940s, and the sharp increase was due to the high rate of industrialization and economic prosperity in Japan, in the mid-twentieth century.

  11. Life expectancy in China 1850-2020

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated May 7, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Life expectancy in China 1850-2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1041350/life-expectancy-china-all-time/
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    Dataset updated
    May 7, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    1850 - 2020
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    Life expectancy in China was just 32 in the year 1850, and over the course of the next 170 years, it is expected to more than double to 76.6 years in 2020. Between 1850 and 1950, finding reliable data proved difficult for anthropologists, however some events, such as the Taiping Rebellion and Dungan Revolt in the nineteenth century did reduce life expectancy by a few years, and also the Chinese Civil War and Second World War in the first half of the twentieth century. In the second half of the 1900s, Chinese life expectancy increased greatly, as the country became more industrialized and the standard of living increased.

  12. Life expectancy in Philippines from 1870 to 2020

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 9, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Life expectancy in Philippines from 1870 to 2020 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1072232/life-expectancy-philippines-historical/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 9, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    Philippines
    Description

    In 1870, the average person born in the Philippines could expect to live to just under the age of 31 years old. This figure would remain unchanged until the early 1900s, when life expectancy would fall to just over 25 years in the Philippine-American War of 1899-1902, as disruptions in food supply and healthcare would result in the loss of several hundred thousand Filipinos to famine and disease. This drop would be accompanied by another drop in the 1920s as the Spanish Flu would ravage the country. However, life expectancy would quickly recover and begin to rise under the United States military administration of the island, as investment by the American government would result in significant expansion in access to nutrition and healthcare. As a result, life expectancy would rise to over 41 years by 1940.

    Life expectancy in the Philippines would decline once more in the 1940s, however, in the 1941 invasion and subsequent occupation of the island nation by the Empire of Japan in the Second World War, in which famine and causalities of war would result in the death of an estimated 500,000 Filipinos. Despite significant destruction in the Second World War, and an ending to the bulk of American investment in the country following its independence from the U.S. in 1946, life expectancy in the Philippines would quickly rise in the post-war years as the country would modernize; almost doubling in the two decades between 1945 and 1965 alone. It then plateaued throughout the 1970s and 1980s, during the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos, before the People Power Revolution in 1986 returned democracy to the country, and living standards began to improve once more. Life expectancy has also increased since this time, and in 2020, it is estimated that the average person born in the Philippines can expect to live to just over the age of 71 years old.

  13. Population of the United States 1500-2100

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 1, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Population of the United States 1500-2100 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067138/population-united-states-historical/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 1, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

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Statista (2025). Annual life expectancy in the United States 1850-2100 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040079/life-expectancy-united-states-all-time/
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Annual life expectancy in the United States 1850-2100

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46 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Jul 31, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Area covered
United States
Description

From the mid-19th century until today, life expectancy at birth in the United States has roughly doubled, from 39.4 years in 1850 to 79.6 years in 2025. It is estimated that life expectancy in the U.S. began its upward trajectory in the 1880s, largely driven by the decline in infant and child mortality through factors such as vaccination programs, antibiotics, and other healthcare advancements. Improved food security and access to clean water, as well as general increases in living standards (such as better housing, education, and increased safety) also contributed to a rise in life expectancy across all age brackets. There were notable dips in life expectancy; with an eight year drop during the American Civil War in the 1860s, a seven year drop during the Spanish Flu empidemic in 1918, and a 2.5 year drop during the Covid-19 pandemic. There were also notable plateaus (and minor decreases) not due to major historical events, such as that of the 2010s, which has been attributed to a combination of factors such as unhealthy lifestyles, poor access to healthcare, poverty, and increased suicide rates, among others. However, despite the rate of progress slowing since the 1950s, most decades do see a general increase in the long term, and current UN projections predict that life expectancy at birth in the U.S. will increase by another nine years before the end of the century.

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