The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) provides information on health status and quality of life of the elderly aged 65 and older in 22 provinces of China in the period 2002 to 2005. The study was conducted to shed light on the determinants of healthy human longevity and advanced age mortality. To this end, data were collected on a large percentage of the oldest population, including centenarian and nonagenarian; the CLHLS provides information on the health, socioeconomic characteristics, family, lifestyle, and demographic profile of this aged population. Data are provided on respondents' health conditions, daily functioning, self-perceptions of health status and quality of life, life satisfaction, mental attitude, and feelings about aging.

Respondents were asked about their diet and nutrition, use of medical services, and drinking and smoking habits, including how long ago they quit either or both. They were also asked about their physical activities, reading habits, television viewing, and religious activities, and were tested for motor skills, memory, and visual functioning. In order to ascertain their current state of health, respondents were asked if they suffered from such health conditions as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, asthma, tuberculosis, cataracts, glaucoma, gastric or duodenal ulcer, arthritis, Parkinson's disease, bedsores, or other chronic diseases. Respondents were further queried about assistance with bathing, dressing, toileting, or feeding, and who provided help in times of illness. Other questions focused on siblings, parents, and children, the frequency of family visits, and the distance lived from each other. Demographic and background variables include age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth, marital history and status, history of childbirth, living arrangements, education, main occupation before age 60, and sources of financial support.

The project has been collecting detailed panel data about the health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk-factors for mortality and healthy longevity of the oldest old, with a comparative sub-sample of younger elders, to examine the factors in healthy longevity. The baseline survey was conducted in 1998 and the follow-up surveys with replacement to compensate for deceased elders were conducted in 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2008, For each centenarian, one near-by octogenarian (aged 80-89) and one near-by nonagenarian (aged 90-99) of pre-designated age and sex were interviewed. Near-by is loosely defined it could be in the same village or street if available, or in the same town or in the same county or city. The idea was to have comparable numbers of male and female octogenarians and nonagenarians at each age from 80 to 99. In 2002, the study added a refresher sub-sample of 4,845 interviewees aged 65-79, and a sub-sample of 4,478 adult children (aged 35-65) of the elderly interviewees aged 65-110 in eight provinces Comparative study of intergenerational relationships in the context of rapid aging and healthy longevity between Mainland China and Taiwan is possible. At each wave, the longitudinal survivors were re-interviewed, and the deceased interviewees were replaced by additional participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 12,136 elders aged 65-112 who died between the waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The study also included interviews and follow-ups with 4,478 elderly interviewees'''' children aged 35-65. * Dates of Study: 1998-2005 * Study Features: Longitudinal, International * Sample Size: ** 1998: 8,993 ** 2000: 11,199 ** 2002: 16,064 ** 2005: 14,923 Links * Data Archive, http://www.geri.duke.edu/china_study/CLHLS6.htm * ICPSR, http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACDA/studies/03891

These data are being released in BETA version to facilitate early access to the study for research purposes. This collection has not been fully processed by NACDA or ICPSR at this time; the original materials provided by the principal investigator were minimally processed and converted to other file types for ease of use. As the study is further processed and given enhanced features by ICPSR, users will be able to access the updated versions of the study. Please report any data errors or problems to user support and we will work with you to resolve any data related issues. The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) provides information on health status and quality of life of the elderly aged 65 and older in 22 provinces of China in the period 1998 to 2014. The study was conducted to shed light on the determinants of healthy human longevity and oldest-old mortality. To this end, data were collected on a large percent of the oldest population, including centenarian and nonagenarian; the CLHLS provides information on the health, socioeconomic characteristics, family, lifestyle, and demographic profile of this aged population. Data are provided on respondents' health conditions, daily functioning, self-perceptions of health status and quality of life, life satisfaction, mental attitude, and feelings about aging. Respondents were asked about their diet and nutrition, use of medical services, and drinking and smoking habits, including how long ago they quit either or both. They were also asked about their physical activities, reading habits, television viewing, and religious activities, and were tested for motor skills, memory, and visual functioning. In order to ascertain their current state of health, respondents were asked if they suffered from such health conditions as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, asthma, tuberculosis, cataracts, glaucoma, gastric or duodenal ulcer, arthritis, Parkinson's disease, bedsores, or other chronic diseases. Respondents were further queried about assistance with bathing, dressing, toileting, or feeding, and who provided help in times of illness. Other questions focused on siblings, parents, and children, the frequency of family visits, and the distance lived from each other. Demographic and background variables include age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth, marital history and status, history of childbirth, living arrangements, education, main occupation before age 60, and sources of financial support.

In the world's most populous country, life expectancy has been continuously rising over the last decades, benefitting greatly from China's economic ascendance. In 2022, average life expectancy at birth in China reached about 78.6 years. Life expectancy at birth Life expectancy at birth refers to the average number of years a group of people born in the same year would live, assuming constant mortality rates. San Marino and Monaco had the highest life expectancy at birth, while China had reached a life expectancy above global average. People who were born in San Marino or Monaco in 2023 had a life expectancy of approximately 87 years or 86 years on average respectively. Demographic development in China Whereas average life expectancy at birth has been growing steadily, birth rates in China have been experiencing a slowdown. In 2024, about 6.77 babies had been born per 1,000 women in China, the second lowest point in the recent decade. As a result of low fertility rates and the extended life expectancy in China, the share of elderly people had been rising rapidly. The number of Chinese population aged 60 and older had more than doubled over the past three decades and is projected to reach its peak at 504 million in 2050. People aged 60 and older have been estimated to account for approximately one fourth of China’s total population by 2030, indicating a sharp climb from just around 13 percent in 2010. In order to pinpoint this massive shift in the age pyramid of China, an important indicator for measuring the pressure of aging population on productive population may be consulted. The old-age dependency ratio in China was expected to reach 52.3 percent in 2050.

China life expectancy for 2025 is 77.81, a 0.22% increase from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>China life expectancy for 2024 was <strong>77.64</strong>, a <strong>0.22% increase</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>China life expectancy for 2023 was <strong>77.47</strong>, a <strong>0.22% increase</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>China life expectancy for 2022 was <strong>77.30</strong>, a <strong>0.22% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) WELCOME! The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) has been supported by NIA/NIH grants R01 AG023627-01 (PI: Zeng Yi) (Grant name: Demographic Analysis of Healthy Longevity in China) and P01 AG 008761 (PI: Zeng Yi; Program Project Director: James W. Vaupel), awarded to Duke University, with Chinese matching support for personnel costs and some local expenses. UNFPA and the China Social Sciences Foundation provided additional support for expanding the 2002 CLHLS survey. The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research has provided support for international training since the CLHLS 1998 baseline survey. Finally, in December 2004 the China Natural Sciences Foundation and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) partnered with NIA/NIH, providing grants to partially support the CLHLS project. Until present, the CLHLS conducted face-to-face interviews with 8,959, 11,161, 20,421, 18,524 and 19,863 individuals in 1998, 2000, 20002, 2005, and 2008-09, respectively, using internationally compatible questionnaires. Among the approximately 80,000 interviews conducted in the five waves, 14,290 were with centenarians, 18,910 with nonagenarians, 20,743 with octogenarians, 14,416 with younger elders aged 65-79, and 10,569 with middle-age adults aged 35-64. At each wave, survivors were re-interviewed, and deceased interviewees were replaced with new participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 17,721 elders aged 65-110 who died between waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The CLHLS has the largest sample of centenarians in the world according to a report in Science (see the report). Our general goal is to shed new light on a better understanding of the determinants of healthy longevity of human beings. We are compiling extensive data on a much larger population of the oldest-old aged 80-112 than has previously been studied, with a comparison group of younger elders aged 65-79. We propose to use innovative demographic and statistical methods to analyze longitudinal survey data. Our goal is to determine which factors, out of a large set of social, behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors, play an important role in healthy longevity. The large population size, the focus on healthy longevity (rather than on a specific disease or disorder), the simultaneous consideration of various risk factors, and the use of analytical strategies based on demographic concepts make this an innovative demographic data collection and research project. Our specific objectives are as follows: Collect intensive individual interview data including health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors for mortality and healthy longevity. Follow up the oldest-old and the comparison group of the younger elders, as well as some of the elders’ adult children to ascertain changes in their health status, care needs and costs, and associated factors. We will also ascertain mortality and causes of death, as well as care needs, costs, and health/disability status before death. Analyze the collected data to estimate the impacts of social, behavioral, environmental, and biological risk factors that are determinants of healthy longevity and mortality in the oldest-old. Compare the findings with results from other studies of large populations at advanced age.

Life expectancy in China was just 32 in the year 1850, and over the course of the next 170 years, it is expected to more than double to 76.6 years in 2020. Between 1850 and 1950, finding reliable data proved difficult for anthropologists, however some events, such as the Taiping Rebellion and Dungan Revolt in the nineteenth century did reduce life expectancy by a few years, and also the Chinese Civil War and Second World War in the first half of the twentieth century. In the second half of the 1900s, Chinese life expectancy increased greatly, as the country became more industrialized and the standard of living increased.

Pathway enrichment analysis for the genes with DMRs in Chinese samples.

Global life expectancy at birth has risen significantly since the mid-1900s, from roughly 46 years in 1950 to 73.2 years in 2023. Post-COVID-19 projections There was a drop of 1.7 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, between 2019 and 2021, however, figures resumed upon their previous trajectory the following year due to the implementation of vaccination campaigns and the lower severity of later strains of the virus. By the end of the century it is believed that global life expectancy from birth will reach 82 years, although growth will slow in the coming decades as many of the more-populous Asian countries reach demographic maturity. However, there is still expected to be a wide gap between various regions at the end of the 2100s, with the Europe and North America expected to have life expectancies around 90 years, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa is predicted to be in the low-70s. The Great Leap Forward While a decrease of one year during the COVID-19 pandemic may appear insignificant, this is the largest decline in life expectancy since the "Great Leap Forward" in China in 1958, which caused global life expectancy to fall by almost four years between by 1960. The "Great Leap Forward" was a series of modernizing reforms, which sought to rapidly transition China's agrarian economy into an industrial economy, but mismanagement led to tens of millions of deaths through famine and disease.

Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for the genes with DMRs in Chinese samples.

In 2024, the average life expectancy in the world was 71 years for men and 76 years for women. The lowest life expectancies were found in Africa, while Oceania and Europe had the highest. What is life expectancy?Life expectancy is defined as a statistical measure of how long a person may live, based on demographic factors such as gender, current age, and most importantly the year of their birth. The most commonly used measure of life expectancy is life expectancy at birth or at age zero. The calculation is based on the assumption that mortality rates at each age were to remain constant in the future. Life expectancy has changed drastically over time, especially during the past 200 years. In the early 20th century, the average life expectancy at birth in the developed world stood at 31 years. It has grown to an average of 70 and 75 years for males and females respectively, and is expected to keep on growing with advances in medical treatment and living standards continuing. Highest and lowest life expectancy worldwide Life expectancy still varies greatly between different regions and countries of the world. The biggest impact on life expectancy is the quality of public health, medical care, and diet. As of 2022, the countries with the highest life expectancy were Japan, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Australia, all at 84–83 years. Most of the countries with the lowest life expectancy are mostly African countries. The ranking was led by the Chad, Nigeria, and Lesotho with 53–54 years.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Low abundance proteins in the the plasma of the longevous and normal groups, identified by TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis.

A global phenomenon, known as the demographic transition, has seen life expectancy from birth increase rapidly over the past two centuries. In pre-industrial societies, the average life expectancy was around 24 years, and it is believed that this was the case throughout most of history, and in all regions. The demographic transition then began in the industrial societies of Europe, North America, and the West Pacific around the turn of the 19th century, and life expectancy rose accordingly. Latin America was the next region to follow, before Africa and most Asian populations saw their life expectancy rise throughout the 20th century.

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) WELCOME! The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) has been supported by NIA/NIH grants R01 AG023627-01 (PI: Zeng Yi) (Grant name: Demographic Analysis of Healthy Longevity in China) and P01 AG 008761 (PI: Zeng Yi; Program Project Director: James W. Vaupel), awarded to Duke University, with Chinese matching support for personnel costs and some local expenses. UNFPA and the China Social Sciences Foundation provided additional support for expanding the 2002 CLHLS survey. The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research has provided support for international training since the CLHLS 1998 baseline survey. Finally, in December 2004 the China Natural Sciences Foundation and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) partnered with NIA/NIH, providing grants to partially support the CLHLS project. Until present, the CLHLS conducted face-to-face interviews with 8,959, 11,161, 20,421, 18,524 and 19,863 individuals in 1998, 2000, 20002, 2005, and 2008-09, respectively, using internationally compatible questionnaires. Among the approximately 80,000 interviews conducted in the five waves, 14,290 were with centenarians, 18,910 with nonagenarians, 20,743 with octogenarians, 14,416 with younger elders aged 65-79, and 10,569 with middle-age adults aged 35-64. At each wave, survivors were re-interviewed, and deceased interviewees were replaced with new participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 17,721 elders aged 65-110 who died between waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The CLHLS has the largest sample of centenarians in the world according to a report in Science (see the report). Our general goal is to shed new light on a better understanding of the determinants of healthy longevity of human beings. We are compiling extensive data on a much larger population of the oldest-old aged 80-112 than has previously been studied, with a comparison group of younger elders aged 65-79. We propose to use innovative demographic and statistical methods to analyze longitudinal survey data. Our goal is to determine which factors, out of a large set of social, behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors, play an important role in healthy longevity. The large population size, the focus on healthy longevity (rather than on a specific disease or disorder), the simultaneous consideration of various risk factors, and the use of analytical strategies based on demographic concepts make this an innovative demographic data collection and research project. Our specific objectives are as follows: Collect intensive individual interview data including health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors for mortality and healthy longevity. Follow up the oldest-old and the comparison group of the younger elders, as well as some of the elders’ adult children to ascertain changes in their health status, care needs and costs, and associated factors. We will also ascertain mortality and causes of death, as well as care needs, costs, and health/disability status before death. Analyze the collected data to estimate the impacts of social, behavioral, environmental, and biological risk factors that are determinants of healthy longevity and mortality in the oldest-old. Compare the findings with results from other studies of large populations at advanced age.

Additional file 2. Table S2. Proteins (autoantigens) recognized by plasma autoantibodies of the longevous and normal groups, identified by human proteome microarray.

Life expectancy in India was 25.4 in the year 1800, and over the course of the next 220 years, it has increased to almost 70. Between 1800 and 1920, life expectancy in India remained in the mid to low twenties, with the largest declines coming in the 1870s and 1910s; this was because of the Great Famine of 1876-1878, and the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918-1919, both of which were responsible for the deaths of up to six and seventeen million Indians respectively; as well as the presence of other endemic diseases in the region, such as smallpox. From 1920 onwards, India's life expectancy has consistently increased, but it is still below the global average.

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) WELCOME! The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) has been supported by NIA/NIH grants R01 AG023627-01 (PI: Zeng Yi) (Grant name: Demographic Analysis of Healthy Longevity in China) and P01 AG 008761 (PI: Zeng Yi; Program Project Director: James W. Vaupel), awarded to Duke University, with Chinese matching support for personnel costs and some local expenses. UNFPA and the China Social Sciences Foundation provided additional support for expanding the 2002 CLHLS survey. The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research has provided support for international training since the CLHLS 1998 baseline survey. Finally, in December 2004 the China Natural Sciences Foundation and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) partnered with NIA/NIH, providing grants to partially support the CLHLS project. Until present, the CLHLS conducted face-to-face interviews with 8,959, 11,161, 20,421, 18,524 and 19,863 individuals in 1998, 2000, 20002, 2005, and 2008-09, respectively, using internationally compatible questionnaires. Among the approximately 80,000 interviews conducted in the five waves, 14,290 were with centenarians, 18,910 with nonagenarians, 20,743 with octogenarians, 14,416 with younger elders aged 65-79, and 10,569 with middle-age adults aged 35-64. At each wave, survivors were re-interviewed, and deceased interviewees were replaced with new participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 17,721 elders aged 65-110 who died between waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The CLHLS has the largest sample of centenarians in the world according to a report in Science (see the report). Our general goal is to shed new light on a better understanding of the determinants of healthy longevity of human beings. We are compiling extensive data on a much larger population of the oldest-old aged 80-112 than has previously been studied, with a comparison group of younger elders aged 65-79. We propose to use innovative demographic and statistical methods to analyze longitudinal survey data. Our goal is to determine which factors, out of a large set of social, behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors, play an important role in healthy longevity. The large population size, the focus on healthy longevity (rather than on a specific disease or disorder), the simultaneous consideration of various risk factors, and the use of analytical strategies based on demographic concepts make this an innovative demographic data collection and research project. Our specific objectives are as follows: Collect intensive individual interview data including health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors for mortality and healthy longevity. Follow up the oldest-old and the comparison group of the younger elders, as well as some of the elders’ adult children to ascertain changes in their health status, care needs and costs, and associated factors. We will also ascertain mortality and causes of death, as well as care needs, costs, and health/disability status before death. Analyze the collected data to estimate the impacts of social, behavioral, environmental, and biological risk factors that are determinants of healthy longevity and mortality in the oldest-old. Compare the findings with results from other studies of large populations at advanced age.

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) WELCOME! The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) has been supported by NIA/NIH grants R01 AG023627-01 (PI: Zeng Yi) (Grant name: Demographic Analysis of Healthy Longevity in China) and P01 AG 008761 (PI: Zeng Yi; Program Project Director: James W. Vaupel), awarded to Duke University, with Chinese matching support for personnel costs and some local expenses. UNFPA and the China Social Sciences Foundation provided additional support for expanding the 2002 CLHLS survey. The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research has provided support for international training since the CLHLS 1998 baseline survey. Finally, in December 2004 the China Natural Sciences Foundation and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) partnered with NIA/NIH, providing grants to partially support the CLHLS project. Until present, the CLHLS conducted face-to-face interviews with 8,959, 11,161, 20,421, 18,524 and 19,863 individuals in 1998, 2000, 20002, 2005, and 2008-09, respectively, using internationally compatible questionnaires. Among the approximately 80,000 interviews conducted in the five waves, 14,290 were with centenarians, 18,910 with nonagenarians, 20,743 with octogenarians, 14,416 with younger elders aged 65-79, and 10,569 with middle-age adults aged 35-64. At each wave, survivors were re-interviewed, and deceased interviewees were replaced with new participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 17,721 elders aged 65-110 who died between waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The CLHLS has the largest sample of centenarians in the world according to a report in Science (see the report). Our general goal is to shed new light on a better understanding of the determinants of healthy longevity of human beings. We are compiling extensive data on a much larger population of the oldest-old aged 80-112 than has previously been studied, with a comparison group of younger elders aged 65-79. We propose to use innovative demographic and statistical methods to analyze longitudinal survey data. Our goal is to determine which factors, out of a large set of social, behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors, play an important role in healthy longevity. The large population size, the focus on healthy longevity (rather than on a specific disease or disorder), the simultaneous consideration of various risk factors, and the use of analytical strategies based on demographic concepts make this an innovative demographic data collection and research project. Our specific objectives are as follows: Collect intensive individual interview data including health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors for mortality and healthy longevity. Follow up the oldest-old and the comparison group of the younger elders, as well as some of the elders’ adult children to ascertain changes in their health status, care needs and costs, and associated factors. We will also ascertain mortality and causes of death, as well as care needs, costs, and health/disability status before death. Analyze the collected data to estimate the impacts of social, behavioral, environmental, and biological risk factors that are determinants of healthy longevity and mortality in the oldest-old. Compare the findings with results from other studies of large populations at advanced age.

Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) WELCOME! The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) has been supported by NIA/NIH grants R01 AG023627-01 (PI: Zeng Yi) (Grant name: Demographic Analysis of Healthy Longevity in China) and P01 AG 008761 (PI: Zeng Yi; Program Project Director: James W. Vaupel), awarded to Duke University, with Chinese matching support for personnel costs and some local expenses. UNFPA and the China Social Sciences Foundation provided additional support for expanding the 2002 CLHLS survey. The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research has provided support for international training since the CLHLS 1998 baseline survey. Finally, in December 2004 the China Natural Sciences Foundation and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) partnered with NIA/NIH, providing grants to partially support the CLHLS project. Until present, the CLHLS conducted face-to-face interviews with 8,959, 11,161, 20,421, 18,524 and 19,863 individuals in 1998, 2000, 20002, 2005, and 2008-09, respectively, using internationally compatible questionnaires. Among the approximately 80,000 interviews conducted in the five waves, 14,290 were with centenarians, 18,910 with nonagenarians, 20,743 with octogenarians, 14,416 with younger elders aged 65-79, and 10,569 with middle-age adults aged 35-64. At each wave, survivors were re-interviewed, and deceased interviewees were replaced with new participants. Data on mortality and health status before dying for the 17,721 elders aged 65-110 who died between waves were collected in interviews with a close family member of the deceased. The CLHLS has the largest sample of centenarians in the world according to a report in Science (see the report). Our general goal is to shed new light on a better understanding of the determinants of healthy longevity of human beings. We are compiling extensive data on a much larger population of the oldest-old aged 80-112 than has previously been studied, with a comparison group of younger elders aged 65-79. We propose to use innovative demographic and statistical methods to analyze longitudinal survey data. Our goal is to determine which factors, out of a large set of social, behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors, play an important role in healthy longevity. The large population size, the focus on healthy longevity (rather than on a specific disease or disorder), the simultaneous consideration of various risk factors, and the use of analytical strategies based on demographic concepts make this an innovative demographic data collection and research project. Our specific objectives are as follows: Collect intensive individual interview data including health, disability, demographic, family, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk factors for mortality and healthy longevity. Follow up the oldest-old and the comparison group of the younger elders, as well as some of the elders’ adult children to ascertain changes in their health status, care needs and costs, and associated factors. We will also ascertain mortality and causes of death, as well as care needs, costs, and health/disability status before death. Analyze the collected data to estimate the impacts of social, behavioral, environmental, and biological risk factors that are determinants of healthy longevity and mortality in the oldest-old. Compare the findings with results from other studies of large populations at advanced age.

The emergence of environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) has proved beneficial in improving environmental quality and related health issues. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the impact of ENGO on human health in China from 1995 to 2020. To investigate the relationship between the variables, we have employed the ARDL model. The ARDL model results demonstrate that the long-run impact of ENGO is negative on infant mortality and death rate, meaning that an increase in the proportion of ENGOs in China considerably decreases infant mortality and death rate. On the other hand, ENGOs have a favorable influence on life expectancy in China, demonstrating ENGOs’ supporting role in raising birth life expectancy. In the short run, estimates of ENGOs have no substantial influence on newborn mortality and death rates in China, whereas ENGOs have a positive and significant impact on life expectancy. These results imply that ENGOs help improves people’s health status in China, which is also supported by the rise in GDP, technology, and health expenditures. The causal analysis confirms the bi-directional causal link between ENGO and IMR and ENGO and LE, while the unidirectional causal link runs from ENGO to DR. The results of the study provide insights into the impact of environmental NGOs on human health in China and may help guide policies aimed at improving public health outcomes through environmental protection efforts.