In 2024, nearly half of surveyed Hungarians believed that the country's economic system needed major changes. A further ** percent of respondents thought a complete reform was necessary.

This analysis has relied on an empirical method to identify and rank cities as centres of the Hungarian economy from 1992 to 2012. After the change in the political and economic system of Hungary, a new economic climate emerged (e.g. Hungary joined the European Union, foreign direct investments appeared in the economy, special taxation regulations were introduced), which ch anged the position of cities. During this two-decade-long transformation, the dominance of the capital, Budapest, and its agglomeration considerably increased; the east-west dichotomy became more pronounced, while the economic role of the traditional industrial centres and that of some large cities weakened. Because of these processes, new types of economic centres emerged, which did not have a significant role in the national economy. Cities that became crucial economic actors because of the offshore operation of foreign multinational corporations are exceptional in this. The ultimate goal of this study is to introduce a straightforward urban hierarchy, establish a classification based on the economic profile of cities, and address the typical anomalies after the change in the political system.

Hungary: Financial system deposits, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2021 is 56.84 percent, an increase from 55.01 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 69.41 percent, based on data from 138 countries. Historically, the average for Hungary from 1991 to 2021 is 43.76 percent. The minimum value, 35 percent, was reached in 1991 while the maximum of 56.84 percent was recorded in 2021.

Hungary HU: Other Depository Corporations: Claims on Central Government data was reported at 3,594,370.000 HUF mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,947,122.000 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Other Depository Corporations: Claims on Central Government data is updated yearly, averaging 649,720.000 HUF mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,594,370.000 HUF mn in 2008 and a record low of 0.000 HUF mn in 2005. Hungary HU: Other Depository Corporations: Claims on Central Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Deposit Money Banks: Annual.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Claims on Central Government: Net data was reported at 2,212,315.000 HUF mn in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,721,193.000 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Claims on Central Government: Net data is updated yearly, averaging 2,324,288.000 HUF mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,890,757.796 HUF mn in 1998 and a record low of -106,034.000 HUF mn in 2005. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Claims on Central Government: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Graph and download economic data for Financial System Deposits to GDP for Hungary (DDDI08HUA156NWDB) from 1991 to 2021 about Hungary, deposits, financial, and GDP.

Hungary HU: Share of Tariff Lines with International Peaks: Manufactured Products data was reported at 0.298 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.331 % for 2015. Hungary HU: Share of Tariff Lines with International Peaks: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.330 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.295 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.189 % in 2012. Hungary HU: Share of Tariff Lines with International Peaks: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Share of tariff lines with international peaks is the share of lines in the tariff schedule with tariff rates that exceed 15 percent. It provides an indication of how selectively tariffs are applied. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database.; ;

Financial system deposits to GDP (%) in Hungary was reported at 56.84 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Hungary - Financial system deposits to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Money: Seasonally Adjusted data was reported at 5,929.743 HUF bn in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,107.027 HUF bn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Money: Seasonally Adjusted data is updated yearly, averaging 956.507 HUF bn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,107.027 HUF bn in 2007 and a record low of 187.049 HUF bn in 1982. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Money: Seasonally Adjusted data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Analysis of the transformation of a planned economy to a market oriented economic system. Topics: Present and future economic situation; rise of prices in the next year; ranking of countries according to the development of the reforms; help provided by western Europe; foreign investments; attitudes towards private ownership, support for foreigners, differences of wages, market economy; estimated development of the unemployment; assessment of the financial situation of the household; financial situation compared to the previous year and a year in future; expected unemployment in the next two years; satisfaction with the reform process and speed of reforms; satisfaction with democracy; changes of social security, health care, solidarity within the population, unions, criminality, food supply and job security since the reforms; willingness to sacrifice; strong leadership vs. democracy; peace and order vs. freedom; democracy leads to chaos and anarchy; state control on economy; strong leader; scepticism about market economy; market economy and income disparities; winner and looser of the reforms; profit from the market economy; satisfaction with prices, privatisation, foreign goods and investments; effect of the privatisation of the big state owned factories on one's self and the national economy; role of government and unions; values such as self-actualisation, leisure orientation, enjoyment of life, harmony within family, security, respect law and order, fairness in dealing with others; hard work and ambition, achievement of a high income, self-assertion, political engagement, tolerance; place of resident; income of the household; influence of institutions; support for weak persons; personality typical of market economy; voting preference.

Hungary HU: Central Bank: Claims on Other General Government data was reported at 0.000 HUF mn in 2008. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Central Bank: Claims on Other General Government data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 HUF mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2008, with 6 observations. Hungary HU: Central Bank: Claims on Other General Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Capital Accounts data was reported at 2,547,342.000 HUF mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,297,540.000 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Capital Accounts data is updated yearly, averaging 371,835.000 HUF mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,547,342.000 HUF mn in 2008 and a record low of 14,250.000 HUF mn in 1982. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Capital Accounts data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Between 1933 and 1939, Germany expanded and strengthened its trade connections with a number of Eastern European countries to a point where their economic expansion became dependent on trade with Germany, making it the dominant economic power in the region. By 1939, the year the Second World War began in Europe, Germany was the largest trading partner of the four countries listed; this was also true of Czechoslovakia in 1937, Poland in 1938, and the Soviet Union in 1940, although the share of total exports to Germany from these countries was lower. German influence increases in the Second World War To consolidate its power in the region, Germany exported its high-quality industrial products to these countries and paid above-market prices to import raw materials and agricultural produce. Following the outbreak of the war, Germany invested more into the farming sectors of the four countries listed, to the point where they were economically subordinate and considered satellite extensions of the German economy. The demand for agricultural imports from these countries impeded their industrialization and prevented them from developing their industries that could compete with Germany. Three of the countries listed would side with the Axis powers as the war escalated. At the same time, Yugoslavia was quickly annexed, and a puppet government was installed, continuing the agricultural supply to Germany. Post-war difficulties Following the war, the four listed countries eventually fell within the Soviet sphere of influence (though Yugoslavia to a lesser extent than the other three), and the dominance of agricultural sectors led to difficulties, as new communist governments attempted to take their economies in a more industrialized direction. The socialist economic systems required the agricultural means of production to be publicly owned (collectivized); however, many rural landowners were unwilling to part from their land; especially in Bulgaria. These factors exacerbated the delaying effect that Germany had had on these countries' industrialization in the 1930s, contributing to the economic imbalances that emerged between Europe's Eastern and Western Blocs in the decades that followed.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The New Europe Barometer (NEB) series, originally known as the New Democracies Barometer (NDB), has been conducted annually across Central and Eastern Europe since autumn 1991. The same questions are asked in each country and repeated from year to year, so trends can be analysed across a wide variety of post-Communist societies. Approximately 1,000 respondents in each country are interviewed face-to-face each year about their economic, political and social attitudes and behaviour. Data are available for separate years and also as a trend dataset (SN 5241). Further information on the NEB is available on the CSPP Barometer Surveys web site, along with details of other survey series. New Europe Barometer I-XV Trend Dataset, 1991-2007 covers 15 post-Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: 10 new EU member states (Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Romania); Croatia and Serbia; and three former Soviet Union (FSU) countries (Russia, Belarus and Ukraine). Trend data starts with the first NEB surveys in 1991. The latest trend data for most countries is from the seventh New Europe Barometer round, started in autumn 2004, with some surveys in the early part of 2005. In addition, data from New Russia Barometer surveys I (January 1992) through XV (April 2007) are included. The trend file includes 302 frequently used variables from a total of 103 NEB surveys. For the second edition (July 2010), the data and documentation were updated to include data from NEBs I-XV. This edition completely replaces the previous version. Main Topics: The trend file covers the following topicspoliticseconomyidentitiesinternational Relationshealthpersonal securitystandard demographics Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview 1991 1998 AGE ARMED FORCES BASIC NEEDS BUILDING MAINTENANCE Belarus Bulgaria CARS CITIZENSHIP CIVIL AND POLITICAL... CIVIL SERVANTS COLOUR TELEVISION R... COMMUNISM CONSUMER GOODS COURTS CRIME VICTIMS CULTURAL GOODS CURRENCIES Croatia Czech Republic DEMOCRACY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT EXPECTATION Economic conditions... Elections Estonia FAMILIES FAMILY INCOME FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT FRIENDS Family life and mar... GENDER GOVERNMENT ORGANIZA... GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Government HEALTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN SETTLEMENT Hungary INCOME INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT INTERNATIONAL RELAT... INTERPERSONAL TRUST Income International polit... LEGISLATURE LIFE SATISFACTION Latvia Lithuania MARKET ECONOMY MASS MEDIA NATIONAL IDENTITY NATIONAL PRIDE ORGANIZATIONS POLICE SERVICES POLITICAL ALLEGIANCE POLITICAL ATTITUDES POLITICAL INTEREST POLITICAL ISSUES POLITICAL LEADERS POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL SYSTEMS Poland Political behaviour... RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE Romania Russia SOCIAL ATTITUDES SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIAL SUPPORT STANDARD OF LIVING SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Social behaviour an... TELEPHONES TRADE UNIONS TRUST TRUST IN GOVERNMENT UNEMPLOYMENT Ukraine VIDEO RECORDERS VOTING BEHAVIOUR VOTING INTENTION political systems a... property and invest...

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Other Items: Net data was reported at -283.040 HUF bn in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 393.632 HUF bn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Other Items: Net data is updated yearly, averaging 10.411 HUF bn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 590.410 HUF bn in 2005 and a record low of -283.040 HUF bn in 2008. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Other Items: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Hungary HU: Central Bank: Claims on Central Government data was reported at 360,005.000 HUF mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 146,712.000 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Central Bank: Claims on Central Government data is updated yearly, averaging 806,674.000 HUF mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,144,699.000 HUF mn in 1995 and a record low of 146,712.000 HUF mn in 2007. Hungary HU: Central Bank: Claims on Central Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary Authorities: Annual.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Broad Money: % Change over Previous Year data was reported at 6.945 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.682 % for 2015. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Broad Money: % Change over Previous Year data is updated yearly, averaging 11.690 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2016, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.291 % in 1992 and a record low of -4.637 % in 2012. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Broad Money: % Change over Previous Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Foreign Assets: Net data was reported at -78,996.003 HUF mn in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,271,687.574 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Foreign Assets: Net data is updated yearly, averaging -453,131.729 HUF mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,727,168.248 HUF mn in 2006 and a record low of -1,615,898.178 HUF mn in 1994. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Foreign Assets: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Money data was reported at 6,161.932 HUF bn in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,348.323 HUF bn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Money data is updated yearly, averaging 1,011.219 HUF bn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,348.323 HUF bn in 2007 and a record low of 187.610 HUF bn in 1982. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.

Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Claims on Private Sector data was reported at 18,528,627.000 HUF mn in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,636,403.000 HUF mn for 2007. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Claims on Private Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 1,266,908.000 HUF mn from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2008, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,528,627.000 HUF mn in 2008 and a record low of 409,830.000 HUF mn in 1982. Hungary HU: Depository Corporations Survey: Claims on Private Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Annual.