Between 2011 and 2020, 19 hurricanes made landfall in the United States, the same figure reported in the previous decade. This is the highest number recorded for a 10-year timespan since the 1940s, which holds the current record for most landfalls, with 24 hurricanes. In 2023, only hurricane Ian made landfall in the U.S.

This is an annual edition poster showing all of the hurricanes having impacted the continental U.S. from 1950 to 2022. This 36x28 inch glossy poster gives a quick look of the location and strength of each hurricane which impacted the continental United States. The poster is also available to download as a PDF file. The map includes the name, category strength, year, and approximate strike location of each hurricane. For the 2022 edition two new hurricanes were added: Hurricane Ian, a Category-4 Hurricane hitting the western Florida Peninsula with a secondary landfall in South Carolina, and Hurricane Nicole, a Category-1 hurricane hitting the east coast of Florida.

This layer features tropical storm (hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones) tracks, positions, and observed wind swaths from the past hurricane season for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Basins. These are products from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). They are part of an archive of tropical storm data maintained in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) database by the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.Data SourceNOAA National Hurricane Center tropical cyclone best track archive.Update FrequencyWe automatically check these products for updates every 15 minutes from the NHC GIS Data page.The NHC shapefiles are parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to take the returned information and serve the data through ArcGIS Server as a map service.Area CoveredWorldWhat can you do with this layer?Customize the display of each attribute by using the ‘Change Style’ option for any layer.Run a filter to query the layer and display only specific types of storms or areas.Add to your map with other weather data layers to provide insight on hazardous weather events.Use ArcGIS Online analysis tools like ‘Enrich Data’ on the Observed Wind Swath layer to determine the impact of cyclone events on populations.Visualize data in ArcGIS Insights or Operations Dashboards.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency. Always refer to NOAA or JTWC sources for official guidance.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

The 2020 hurricane season had a record-breaking 30 named storms. This map symbolizes the Atlantic hurricane tracks based on whether they made landfall at the United States coast. Data source:Tropical Cyclone Best Track: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gis/archive_besttrack.php?year=2020

In 2022, there were 78 fatalities due to hurricanes reported in the United States. Since the beginning of the century, the highest number of fatalities was recorded in 2005, when four major hurricanes – including Hurricane Katrina – resulted in 1,518 deaths. The worst hurricanes in U.S. history Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall in August 2005, ranked as the third deadliest hurricane in the U.S. since records began. Affecting mainly the city of New Orleans and its surroundings, the category 3 hurricane caused an estimated 1,500 fatalities. Katrina was also the costliest tropical cyclone to hit the U.S. in the past seven decades, with damages amounting to roughly 186 billion U.S. dollars. Hurricanes Harvey and Maria, both of which made landfall in 2017, ranked second and third, resulting in damage costs of 149 and 107 billion dollars, respectively. How are hurricanes classified? According to the Saffir-Simpson scale, hurricanes can be classified into five categories, depending on their maximum sustained wind speed. Most of the hurricanes that have made landfall in the U.S. since 1851 are category 1, the mildest of the five. Hurricanes rated category 3 or above are considered major hurricanes and can cause devastating damage. In 2021, there were 38 hurricanes recorded across the globe, of which 17 were major hurricanes.

Note: This is a real-time dataset. If you do not see any data on the map, there may not be an event taking place. The Atlantic hurricane season begins on June 1 and ends on November 30, and the eastern Pacific hurricane season begins on May 15 and ends on November 30.Hurricanes, also known as typhoons and cyclones, fall under the scientific term tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones that develop over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean are considered hurricanes.Meteorologists have classified the development of a tropical cyclone into four stages: tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, and tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones begin as small tropical disturbances where rain clouds build over warm ocean waters. Eventually, the clouds grow large enough to develop a pattern, where the wind begins to circulate around a center point. As winds are drawn higher, increasing air pressure causes the rising thunderstorms to disperse from the center of the storm. This creates an area of rotating thunderstorms called a tropical depression with winds 62 kmph (38 mph) or less. Systems with wind speeds between 63 kmph (39 mph) and 118 kmph (73 mph) are considered tropical storms. If the winds of the tropical storm hit 119 kmph (74 mph), the storm is classified as a hurricane. Tropical cyclones need two primary ingredients to form: warm water and constant wind directions. Warm ocean waters of at least 26 degrees Celsius (74 degrees Fahrenheit) provide the energy needed for the storm to become a hurricane. Hurricanes can maintain winds in a constant direction at increasing speeds as air rotates about and gathers into the hurricane’s center. This inward and upward spiral prevents the storm from ripping itself apart. Hurricanes have distinctive parts: the eye, eyewall, and rain bands. The eye is the calm center of the hurricane where the cooler drier air sinks back down to the surface of the water. Here, winds are tranquil, and skies are partly cloudy, sometimes even clear. The eyewall is composed of the strongest ring of thunderstorms and surrounds the eye. This is where rain and winds are the strongest and heaviest. Rain bands are stretches of rain clouds that go far beyond the hurricane’s eyewall, usually hundreds of kilometers. Scientists typically use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to measure the strength of a hurricane’s winds and intensity. This scale gives a 1 to 5 rating based on the hurricane’s maximum sustained winds. Hurricanes rated category 3 or higher are recognized as major hurricanes. Category 1: Wind speeds are between 119 and 153 kmph (74 and 95 mph). Although this is the lowest category of hurricane, category 1 hurricanes still produce dangerous winds and could result in damaged roofs, power lines, or fallen tree branches. Category 2: Wind speeds are between 154 and 177 kmph (96 and 110 mph). These dangerous winds are likely to cause moderate damage; enough to snap or uproot small trees, destroy roofs, and cause power outages. Category 3: Wind speeds are between 178 and 208 kmph (111 and 129 mph). At this strength, extensive damage may occur. Well-built homes could incur damage to their exterior and many trees will likely be snapped or uprooted. Water and electricity could be unavailable for at least several days after the hurricane passes. Category 4: Wind speeds are between 209 and 251 kmph (130 and 156 mph). Extreme damage will occur. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months after the hurricane. Well-built homes could sustain major damage to their exterior, most trees may be snapped or uprooted, and power outages could last weeks to months. Category 5: Wind speeds are 252 kmph (157 mph) or higher. Catastrophic damage will occur. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months after the hurricane. A significant amount of well-built, framed homes will likely be destroyed, uprooted trees may isolate residential areas, and power outages could last weeks to months. This map is built with data from the NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The map shows recent, observed, and forecasted hurricane tracks and positions, uncertainties, wind speeds, and associated storm watches and warnings. This is a real-time dataset that is programed to check for updates from the NHC and JTWC every 15 minutes. If you are in an area experiencing a tropical cyclone, tune into local sources for more up-to-date information and important safety instructions. This map includes the following information: Forecast position points: These points mark the locations where the NHC predict the tropical cyclone will be at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours in the future.Observed position points: These points mark the locations where the tropical cyclone has been.Forecast track: This is the line that connects the forecast points and marks the expected path of the hurricane.Observed track: This line marks the path the tropical cyclone has already taken.Cone of uncertainty: Due to the complexity of ocean atmospheric interactions, there are many different factors that can influence the path of a hurricane. This uncertainty is represented on the map by a cone. The further into the future the forecast is, the wider the cone due to the greater uncertainty in the precise path of the storm. Remember rain, wind, and storm surge from the hurricane will likely impact areas outside the cone of uncertainty. This broader impact of wind can be seen if you turn on or off Tropical Storm Force (34 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability, Strong Tropical Storm Force (50 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability, or Hurricane Force (64 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability map layers.Watches and warnings: Storm watches or warnings depend on the strength and distance from the location of the forecasted event. Watches indicate an increased risk for severe weather, while a warning means you should immediately move to a safe space.Tropical storm watch: The NHC issues this for areas that might be impacted by tropical cyclones with wind speeds of 34 to 63 knots (63 to 119 kilometers per hour or 39 to 74 miles per hour) in the next 48 hours. In addition to high winds, the region may experience storm surge or flooding.Tropical storm warning: The NHC issues this for places that will be impacted by hurricanes with wind speeds of 34 to 63 knots (63 to 119 kilometers per hour or 39 to 74 miles per hour) in the next 36 hours. As with the watch, the area may also experience storm surge or flooding.Hurricane watch: The NHC issues this watch for areas where a tropical cyclone with sustained wind speeds of 64 knots (119 kilometers per hour or 74 miles per hour) or greater in the next 48 hours may be possible. In addition to high winds, the region may experience storm surge or flooding.Hurricane warning: The NHC issues this warning for areas where hurricanes with sustained wind speeds of 64 knots (119 kilometers per hour or 74 miles per hour) or greater in the next 36 hours are expected. As with the watch, the region may experience storm surge or flooding. This warning is also posted when dangerously high water and waves continue even after wind speeds have fallen below 64 knots.Recent hurricanes: These points and tracks mark tropical cyclones that have occurred this year but are no longer active.

Want to learn more about how hurricanes form? Check out Forces of Nature or explore The Ten Most Damaging Hurricanes in U.S. History story.

The 2004 U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes poster is a special edition poster which contains two sets of images of Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne, created from NOAA's operational satellites. In addtion to the images, the poster has a map depicting the general track of each storm; information on each storm's landfall location, date of landfall, and category level at time of landfall; as well as, a Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale chart. Poster size is 34"x27".

The Continental U.S. Hurricane Strikes Poster is our most popular poster which is updated annually. The poster includes all hurricanes that affected the U.S. since 1950 with hurricane force winds, although some did not necessarily make landfall. This 32"x34" glossy poster will give you a quick look of the location and strength of each hurricane which struck the continental Unites States. The map includes the name, category strength, year, and approximate strike location of each hurricane.

Hurricane tracks and positions provide information on where the storm has been, where it is currently located, and where it is predicted to go. Each storm location is depicted by the sustained wind speed, according to the Saffir-Simpson Scale. It should be noted that the Saffir-Simpson Scale only applies to hurricanes in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific basins, however all storms are still symbolized using that classification for consistency.Data SourceThis data is provided by NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC) for the Central+East Pacific and Atlantic, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for the West+Central Pacific and Indian basins. For more disaster-related live feeds visit the Disaster Web Maps & Feeds ArcGIS Online Group.Sample DataSee Sample Layer Item for sample data during inactive Hurricane Season!Update FrequencyThe Aggregated Live Feeds methodology checks the Source for updates every 15 minutes. Tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 5:00 AM EDT, 11:00 AM EDT, 5:00 PM EDT, and 11:00 PM EDT (or 4:00 AM EST, 10:00 AM EST, 4:00 PM EST, and 10:00 PM EST).Public advisories for Eastern Pacific tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 2:00 AM PDT, 8:00 AM PDT, 2:00 PM PDT, and 8:00 PM PDT (or 1:00 AM PST, 7:00 AM PST, 1:00 PM PST, and 7:00 PM PST).Intermediate public advisories may be issued every 3 hours when coastal watches or warnings are in effect, and every 2 hours when coastal watches or warnings are in effect and land-based radars have identified a reliable storm center. Additionally, special public advisories may be issued at any time due to significant changes in warnings or in a cyclone. For the NHC data source you can subscribe to RSS Feeds.North Pacific and North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone warnings are updated every 6 hours, and South Indian and South Pacific Ocean tropical cyclone warnings are routinely updated every 12 hours. Times are set to Zulu/UTC.Scale/ResolutionThe horizontal accuracy of these datasets is not stated but it is important to remember that tropical cyclone track forecasts are subject to error, and that the effects of a tropical cyclone can span many hundreds of miles from the center.Area CoveredWorldGlossaryForecast location: Represents the official NHC forecast locations for the center of a tropical cyclone. Forecast center positions are given for projections valid 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the forecast's nominal initial time. Click here for more information.

Forecast points from the JTWC are valid 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after the forecast’s initial time.Forecast track: This product aids in the visualization of an NHC official track forecast, the forecast points are connected by a red line. The track lines are not a forecast product, as such, the lines should not be interpreted as representing a specific forecast for the location of a tropical cyclone in between official forecast points. It is also important to remember that tropical cyclone track forecasts are subject to error, and that the effects of a tropical cyclone can span many hundreds of miles from the center. Click here for more information.The Cone of Uncertainty: Cyclone paths are hard to predict with absolute certainty, especially days in advance.

The cone represents the probable track of the center of a tropical cyclone and is formed by enclosing the area swept out by a set of circles along the forecast track (at 12, 24, 36 hours, etc). The size of each circle is scaled so that two-thirds of the historical official forecast errors over a 5-year sample fall within the circle. Based on forecasts over the previous 5 years, the entire track of a tropical cyclone can be expected to remain within the cone roughly 60-70% of the time. It is important to note that the area affected by a tropical cyclone can extend well beyond the confines of the cone enclosing the most likely track area of the center. Click here for more information. Now includes 'Danger Area' Polygons from JTWC, detailing US Navy Ship Avoidance Area when Wind speeds exceed 34 Knots!Coastal Watch/Warning: Coastal areas are placed under watches and warnings depending on the proximity and intensity of the approaching storm.Tropical Storm Watch is issued when a tropical cyclone containing winds of 34 to 63 knots (39 to 73 mph) or higher poses a possible threat, generally within 48 hours. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. The watch does not mean that tropical storm conditions will occur. It only means that these conditions are possible.Tropical Storm Warning is issued when sustained winds of 34 to 63 knots (39 to 73 mph) or higher associated with a tropical cyclone are expected in 36 hours or less. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding.Hurricane Watch is issued when a tropical cyclone containing winds of 64 knots (74 mph) or higher poses a possible threat, generally within 48 hours. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. The watch does not mean that hurricane conditions will occur. It only means that these conditions are possible.Hurricane Warning is issued when sustained winds of 64 knots (74 mph) or higher associated with a tropical cyclone are expected in 36 hours or less. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. A hurricane warning can remain in effect when dangerously high water or a combination of dangerously high water and exceptionally high waves continue, even though winds may be less than hurricane force.RevisionsMar 13, 2025: Altered 'Forecast Error Cone' layer to include 'Danger Area' with updated symbology.Nov 20, 2023: Added Event Label to 'Forecast Position' layer, showing arrival time and wind speed localized to user's location.Mar 27, 2022: Added UID, Max_SS, Max_Wind, Max_Gust, and Max_Label fields to ForecastErrorCone layer.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency. Always refer to NOAA or JTWC sources for official guidance.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

The map is base on hurricane tracks extracted for the month of September from the NOAA's Hurricane website. Hurricanes start as a low pressure disturbance off West-African cost. Some have theorized the seeding of a hurricane starts as a low pressure disturbance over Ethiopia.

Predictions of tropical cyclone (TC) frequencies are hampered by insufficient knowledge of their natural variability in the past. A 30-m-long sediment core from the Great Blue Hole, a marine sinkhole offshore Belize, provides the longest available, continuous and annually-resolved TC-frequency record. This record expands our understanding, derived from instrumental monitoring (73-years), historical documentations (173-years) and paleotempestological records (2000-years), to the past 5700 years. A total of 694 event-layers were identified. They display a distinct regional trend of increasing storminess in the south-western Caribbean, which follows an orbitally-driven shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Superimposed short-term variations match Holocene climate intervals and originate from solar irradiance-controlled sea-surface temperature anomalies and climate phenomena modes. A 21st century extrapolation suggests an unprecedented increase in TC-frequency, attributable to the In..., , , # An annually resolved 5700-years storm archive reveals drivers of Caribbean cyclone frequency

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fn2z34v57

Description of the data and file structure

This supplementary dataset, integral to our research paper, contains all the raw data for understanding the key findings of our study. It includes: a historical record calibration (Table S1.), a stratigraphic and chronological correlation of event-layers in different Great Blue Hole cores (Table S2.), radiocarbon ages and δ13C values (Table S3.), quantitative textural analyses of 694 event-layer and 125 fair-weather samples (Table S4.), fine material analyses (Table S5.), correlation tests (Table S.6), XRF data (Table S7.), gray scale measurements (Table S9.) and event-layer counts in binned 50- and 100-years counting intervals (Table S9.). All the diffrent raw data promote transparency and allow varied data processing and re-analysis methods.

Files and ...

तूफ़ान के सबसे अच्छे ट्रैक का डेटाबेस (HURDAT2). पैसिफ़िक बेसिन 1949-2018.

National Hurricane Center - National Storm Surge Hazard Maps - https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/nationalsurge/The SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model is a numerical model used by NWS to compute storm surge. Storm surge is defined as the abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tides. Flooding from storm surge depends on many factors, such as the track, intensity, size, and forward speed of the hurricane and the characteristics of the coastline where it comes ashore or passes nearby. For planning purposes, the NHC uses a representative sample of hypothetical storms to estimate the near worst-case scenario of flooding for each hurricane category.This is version 4 of the NHC National Storm Surge Risk Maps. Updates in this version include reprocessing U.S. Gulf and East Coasts with latest storm surge domains in 2025, improving spatial resolution and friction effects from land cover types. New regions have also been added, and these include: the Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Jamaica. For simplicity, the tiled map services are published by hurricane wind category and all available mapped regions for that category are provided in that web map.The following areas are mapped in the hurricane wind Category 2 Maps:US Gulf and East CoastPuerto Rico and US Virgin IslandsSouthern CaliforniaHawaiiGuamAmerican SamoaHispaniolaYucatan Peninsula- parts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and western HondurasBahamas - Northern Bahamas, Central Bahamas, and Southeastern Bahamas/Turks and CaicosCayman Islands - Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman BracJamaica SLOSH employs curvilinear polar, elliptical, and hyperbolic telescoping mesh grids to simulate the storm surge hazard. The spatial coverage for each SLOSH grid ranges from an area the size of a few counties to a few states. The resolution of individual grid cells within each basin ranges from tens to hundreds of meters to a kilometer or more. Sub-grid scale water features and topographic obstructions such as channels, rivers, and cuts and levees, barriers, and roads, respectively, are parameterized to improve the modeled water levels.The NHC provides two products based on hypothetical hurricanes: MEOWs and MOMs. MEOWs are created by computing the maximum storm surge resulting from up to 100,000 hypothetical storms simulated through each SLOSH grid of varying forward speed, radius of maximum wind, intensity (Categories 1-5), landfall location, tide level, and storm direction. A MEOW product is created for each combination of category, forward speed, storm direction, and tide level. SLOSH products exclude Category 5 storms north of the NC/VA border. SLOSH products only include hurricane wind Category 1-4 scenarios for Hawaii and hurricane wind category 1-2 scenarios for Southern California. For each storm combination, parallel storms make landfall in 5 to 10 mile increments along the coast within the SLOSH grid, and the maximum storm surge footprint from each simulation is composited, retaining the maximum height of storm surge in a given basin grid cell. These are called MEOWs and no single hurricane will produce the regional flooding depicted in the MEOWs. SLOSH model MOMs are an ensemble product of maximum storm surge heights. SLOSH MOMs are created for each storm category by retaining the maximum storm surge value in each grid cell for all the MEOWs, regardless of the forward speed, storm trajectory, or landfall location. SLOSH MOMs are available for mean tide and high tide scenarios and represent the near worst-case scenario of flooding under ideal storm conditions. A high tide initial water level was used for the storm surge hazard maps.This product uses the expertise of the NHC Storm Surge Unit to merge the operational SLOSH grids to build a seamless map of storm surge hazard scenarios using the MOM product. Each individual SLOSH grid for the Category 1-5 MOMs are merged into a single, seamless grid. The seamless grid is then resampled, interpolated, and processed with a DEM (Digital Elevation Model, i.e. topography) to compute the storm surge hazard above ground for each hurricane wind category. The SLOSH MOM storm surge hazard data used to create these maps are constrained by the extent of the SLOSH grids and users should be aware that risk due to storm surge flooding could extend beyond the areas depicted in these maps.Users of this hazard map should be aware that potential storm surge flooding is not depicted within some levee areas, such as the Hurricane & Storm Damage Risk Reduction System in Louisiana. These areas are highly complex and water levels resulting from overtopping are difficult to predict. Users are urged to consult local officials for flood risk inside these leveed areas. If applicable to the region displayed by the map, these leveed areas will be depicted with a black and white diagonal hatch pattern. Not all levee areas are included in this analysis - in particular, local features such as construction walls, levees, berms, pumping systems, or other mitigation systems found at the local level may not be included in this analysis. Additionally, some marshy or low lying areas are not mapped in this analysis.In locations that have a steep and narrow continental shelf, wave setup can be a substantial contributor to the total water level rise observed during a tropical cyclone. Wave setup is defined as the increase in mean water level due to momentum transfer to the water column by waves that are breaking or otherwise dissipating their energy. The following locations use SLOSH+Wave Setup simulations to create MEOW and MOM products that account for the increase in the mean water level due to wave setup: Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Hispaniola, Guam, American Samoa, Southern California, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Jamaica.

This map is intended to provide general awareness of current and recent tropical weather around the world. It is not intended to replace authoritative government websites but rather to provide situational awareness.

This map contains Live Feeds from the Living Atlas including - Active Hurricanes, Recent Hurricanes, Weather Warnings and Watches, Short-Term Weather Warnings, and NOAA Colorized Satellite Imagery. Weather Radar Data is provided courtesy of DTN.

This map is provided by the Esri Disaster Response Program using the Public Information Solution template. For other hurricane related content and data, please visit the DRP Hub Hurricane Page.

According to their physical exposure to tropical cyclones, the Dominican Republic and Haiti were the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean which faced the highest hazard to this type of storms in 2025. The risk index is calculated based on the estimated number of people exposed to tropical cyclones per year. Saint Kitts and Nevis also stood high in the ranking, with a hazard and exposure index of *** points.

तूफ़ान के सबसे अच्छे ट्रैक का डेटाबेस (HURDAT2). अटलांटिक बेसिन 1851-2018.

This data reflects areas with a risk of storm tide flooding from hurricanes, based on potential storm tide heights calculated by the National Weather Service's SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surge from Hurricanes) Model. The SLOSH Basin used for mapping was Chesapeake Bay (CP5), released in 2014. This data was prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Planning Division in January 2016. SLOSH storm tide elevations used for this mapping are based on the Maximum of Maximums (MOM) SLOSH output dataset. The MOM output elevations represent the highest calculated storm tide values based on thousands of SLOSH simulations using different combinations of approach direction, forward speed, landfall point, astronomical tide, and intensity (Category 1 through Category 4). Categories 1 through 4 refer to the Saffir-Simpson scale of hurricane intensity. This map does not reflect the expected storm tide flooding for every hurricane, or for any one particular type of hurricane. This map shows the overall footprint of the area that has some risk of storm tide flooding from hurricanes, based on the MOM output dataset.

This nowCOAST™ map service provides maps depicting the latest official NWS Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map for any significant landfalling tropical cyclone expected to impact the Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico Coasts of the Contiguous United States. The map layers depict the risk associated with coastal flooding from storm surge associated with tropical cyclones.

The Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map depicts the geographical areas where inundation from storm surge could occur along with the heights, above ground, that water could reach in those areas. These potential heights are represented with different colors based on water level: 1) Greater than 1 foot above ground (blue), 2) Greater than 3 feet above ground (yellow), 3) Greater than 6 feet above ground (orange), and 4) Greater than 9 feet above ground (red). Two versions of this graphic are provided in this map--one with a mask (depicted in gray) identifying Intertidal Zone/Estuarine Wetland areas, and another version without the mask where Intertidal Zone/Estuarine Wetland areas are symbolized with the same colors as other areas.

Two additional layers are provided to depict 1) the full geographic extent for which the Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map is presently valid (the "map boundary"), and 2) Levee Areas, if any, within the affected area (symbolized with a black-and-white diagonal hatch pattern).

If the Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map is not presently active, all layers will be blank except for the Map Boundary layer, which will display a shaded region indicating the coverage area for any potential future graphics along with a text label indicating that the map is not presently active.

This map service is updated approximately every 10 minutes on nowCOAST™ to ensure the latest information is provided to the user as soon as it becomes available. Once issued, the Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map will be updated by NHC every six hours alongside each new Forecast Advisory for the associated tropical cyclone. However, due to processing requirements during the creation of this product, the flooding map becomes available approximately 60 to 90 minutes following the release of the associated NHC Forecast Advisory, at which point nowCOAST™ will acquire it and update this map service within the next 10 to 20 minutes (i.e., this product will be updated on nowCOAST™ within approximately 70 to 110 minutes after the associated Forecast Advisory is released). For more detailed information about layer update frequency and timing, please reference the
nowCOAST™ Dataset Update Schedule.

Background Information

Developed by National Hurricane Center (NHC) over the course of several years in consultation with social scientists, emergency managers, broadcast meteorologists, and others, the Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map is intended to depict the risk associated with coastal flooding from storm surge associated with tropical cyclones. On June 1, 2016 it became an operational product, issued on demand for certain tropical cyclones that are expected to affect the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. The product is not available for tropical cyclones that may affect coastal areas in the Eastern or Central Pacific regions.

From the NHC Website:

"What the Map Takes into Account

The Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map is based on the NWS Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model and takes into account forecast uncertainty in the tropical cyclone track, intensity, and wind field. The map is based on probabilistic storm surge guidance developed by the NWS Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL), in cooperation with NHC, called Probabilistic Hurricane Storm Surge (P-Surge 2.5).

P-Surge 2.5 derives storm surge probabilities by statistically evaluating a large set of SLOSH model simulations based on the current NHC official forecast, and takes into account historical errors in the official NHC track and intensity forecasts. P-Surge 2.5 combines the results of hundreds of individual SLOSH simulations to calculate the statistical distribution, or probabilities of possible storm surge heights at locations along the coast. All major factors that influence the amount of storm surge generated by a storm at a given location are accounted for, including the hurricane's landfall location, forward speed, and angle of approach to the coast; the storm intensity and wind field; the shape of the coastline; the slope of the ocean bottom; and local features such as barrier islands, bays, and rivers. The Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map is created by processing the resulting 10 percent exceedance levels from P-Surge 2.5, or storm surge values that have a 1-in-10 chance of being exceeded at each location.

The Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map takes into account:

Flooding due to storm surge from the ocean, including adjoining tidal rivers, sounds, and bays Normal astronomical tides Land elevation Uncertainties in the landfall location, forward speed, angle of approach to the coast, intensity, and wind field of the cyclone

The Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map does not take into account:

Wave action Freshwater flooding from rainfall Flooding resulting from levee failures For mapped leveed areas - flooding inside levees, overtopping of levees

Potential storm surge flooding is not depicted within certain levee areas, such as the Hurricane & Storm Damage Risk Reduction System in Louisiana. These areas are highly complex and water levels resulting from overtopping are difficult to predict. Users are urged to consult local officials for flood risk inside these leveed areas. If applicable to the region displayed by the map, these leveed areas will be depicted with a black and white diagonal hatch pattern.

The intertidal zone, or generally speaking, the area that is above water at low tide and under water at high tide, will be displayed with a user selectable mask layer on the Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map. Locations of estuarine wetlands, or lands that are saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, are also used to help define this mask layer. This mask layer will allow users to differentiate between areas that could experience consequential flooding of normally dry ground and areas that routinely flood during typical high tides. The intertidal mask will be depicted as gray on the Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map.

What the Map Represents

The Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map represents the storm surge heights that a person should prepare for before a storm, given the uncertainties in the meteorological forecast. The map shows a reasonable worst-case scenario (i.e., a reasonable upper bound) of the flooding of normally dry land at particular locations due to storm surge. There is approximately a 1-in-10 chance that storm surge flooding at any particular location could be higher than the values shown on the map. Roadways are included in the basemap layer for aiding in geographical referencing only. The map will not indicate which roadways may flood from fresh or salt water in a hurricane situation."

For more information about the NHC Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map, please consult the NHC Website or the associated NWS Product Description Document (PDD).

Time Information

This nowCOAST™ map service is not time-enabled.

References

NHC, 2016: Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map, NWS/NCEP National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL. (Available at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/inundation/).

NWS, 2016: Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map Product Description Document, NWS, Silver Spring, MD (Available at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/PDD-PotentialStormSurgeFloodingMap.pdf).

The hurricane heatmap was generated using the NOAA/IBTrACS/v4 dataset, which was filtered to focus on the North Atlantic Basin from January 1950 to October 2024. This dataset, sourced from The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), offers detailed information on tropical cyclone locations and intensity, providing critical insight into storm behavior over the decades. The map visually represents the highest concentration of hurricane locations, with the intensity of storm occurrences depicted through point data derived from IBTrACS. The data utilized for this heatmap was exported from the Google Earth Engine JavaScript code editor as a GeoTIFF file, with a resolution of 75 km² per pixel, ensuring a balance between visual clarity and the preservation of spatial details. By leveraging the power of Google Earth Engine, this visualization provides an effective way to analyze and explore the frequency and distribution of hurricanes across the North Atlantic, helping to highlight regions most prone to hurricane activity and offering valuable information for climate research and disaster preparedness.

Quick Start This is a collection of flood datasets to support hydrologic research for Hurricane Harvey, August-September 2017. The best way to start exploring this collection is by opening the Hurricane Harvey 2017 Story Map [2]. It has separate sections for the different content categories, and links to the relevant HydroShare resources within this collection.

More Details This is the root collection resource for management of hydrologic and related data collected during Hurricane Harvey on the Texas-Louisiana Gulf coast. This collection holds numerous composite resources comprising streamflow forecasts, inundation polygons and depth grids, flooding impacts, elevation grids, high water marks, and numerous other related information sources. Texas address points are included to support estimating storm and flood impacts in terms of structures within an affected area.

The data providers for this collection are the Texas Division of Emergency Management, NOAA National Weather Service, NOAA National Hurricane Center, NOAA National Water Center, FEMA, 9-1-1 emergency communications agencies, and many others. Esri and Kisters also provided invaluable tools, data and geoprocessing services to support the initial data production, and these are included or referenced.

User-contributed resources from 2017 US Hurricanes may also be shared with The CUAHSI 2017 Hurricane Data Community group [1] to make them accessible to interested researchers, Anyone may join this group.

An ArcGIS Story Map [2] has been created which provides example data views and interactive access to this collection.

This collection has been produced by work on a US National Science Foundation RAPID Award "Archiving and Enabling Community Access to Data from Recent US Hurricanes" [3].

References [1] CUAHSI 2017 Hurricane Data Community group [https://www.hydroshare.org/group/41] [2] Hurricane Harvey 2017 Archive Story Map [https://arcg.is/1rWLzL0] [3] NSF RAPID Grant [https://nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1761673]