In 2023, American tech company IBM employed around 282 thousand people worldwide. This was a decrease of over six thousand employees on 2022, though remained significantly fewer than a decade prior, when the firm employed over 400 thousand people. IBM saw its global revenue decline over the ten year period following 2011. IBM’s history IBM, the common name of International Business Machines Corporation, is one of the largest technology and consulting companies in the world. Founded in 1911, the company is headquartered in Armonk, New York. The company's business segments include the "Global Technology Services" segment, where IBM provides comprehensive IT infrastructure and platform services, as well as the "Global Business Services" segment which provides clients with consulting, business process, and application management services, specializing in AI workflows and applications for hybrid cloud environments. IBM's innovations IBM is responsible for some of the most groundbreaking inventions in the technology industry: the automated teller machine (ATM), the hard disk drive (HDD), the Universal Product Code (UPC), and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The company continues to innovate, ranking first among companies with the most U.S. patents granted and a leading owner of machine learning and AI patents. Alongside this, IBM has committed itself to environmental leadership, addressing climate change, energy efficiency, product design, and the use of materials.

IBM reported 293.4K in Employees for its fiscal year ending in December of 2024. Data for IBM - Employees Total Number including historical, tables and charts were last updated by Trading Economics this last August in 2025.

Since 2016, IBM's number of employees in Spain has constantly been increasing. By 2020, the company peaked its workforce at over **** thousand employees.

In 2020, IBM employed ******* workers, far more than the other major software companies. Apart from its software businesses, IBM is also a major IT service company, which explains partly its large employee base. Microsoft and Oracle are similar in terms of headcount, with ******* and ******* employees respectively.

The total number of Apple employees dramatically increased from 2005 through to 2024. As of FY 2024, the total number of employees had reached around *** thousand (only counting full-time equivalent), up from *** thousand recorded in the previous year. The fiscal year end of the company is September, 30th. Apple Corporation – additional information Founded in 1976, Apple is an American multinational corporation that specializes in computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers and online services. The company initially focused on the production of consumer and business computers. Over the years it has included a more diverse line of electronic products. In 2027, Apple was the world’s 7th largest company and the world’s largest information technology company. Even though Apple was the most valuable brand in the world in 2024, it was not among the world’s largest companies in terms of staff. Other information technology companies, such as Samsung Electronics or IBM, had employed a larger number of people. However, the revenue per employee of Apple turned out to be the highest among leading technology companies. Apple products Apple’s current product line ranges across personal computers, tablet computers, digital music players and smartphones. The iPhone, a line of smartphones designed and produced by Apple, has revolutionized the smartphone industry with its screen-centric design and touch controls. Its global sales have skyrocketed since its introduction in 2007, with about *** million units sold in 2023. According to the quarterly reports by Apple, the iPhone has generated around half of Apple’s revenue between 2013 and 2024. The iPad, a line of tablet computers, counts as one of the very first players in the global tablet industry. Even though the global market share of the iPad has dropped since 2012, it still dominated the tablet market with a ** percent share as of the second quarter of 2024.

As of its 2023 fiscal year, American IT and consulting company Cognizant employed a total of 347.7 thousand people around the world. The vast majority of the employees (more than 250 thousand) were located in the company’s Indian branches, while nearly 41 thousand more worked in North America. The company reached its peak employment within Europe to more than 27 thousand people last year. However, it decreased in 2023 reaching around 25 thousand Cognizant Since its founding in 1994, Cognizant has grown into one of the world’s largest IT services companies, trailing only IBM in terms of total market capitalization. The company operates significant business segments across many distinct markets such as financial services, healthcare, and, of course, technology, and has managed to rapidly increase sales revenue and profit in recent years. Employment in the tech industry Despite its status as one of the most successful IT providers, Cognizant’s employment numbers pale in comparison to many of the world’s largest employers. Within the tech industry specifically, IBM holds a lead on Cognizant in employee count, although both of these IT service providers fall short compared to Amazon's workforce of nearly 1.3 million employees in 2020.

How many employees does Microsoft have? The American technology company Microsoft employs approximately ******* people in full-time positions worldwide. Around ** percent of Microsoft’s employees are located in the company’s home country the United States. The employees are spread out over four business units: operations (manufacturing, distribution, product support, and consulting services), research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administration. Product portfolio and business segmentsMicrosoft sells a wide range of consumer and enterprise software, hardware, and services. The technology company had a revenue standing at around *** billion U.S. dollars in fiscal year 2024, most of which came from the commercial licensing of its software and operating systems. For example, Microsoft Windows is a dominating presence in the desktop operating systems market, with a market share of around ** percent. Microsoft U.S. tech giant Microsoft is one of the biggest technology companies in the United States next to Apple, Facebook, Google, Amazon, and IBM. Microsoft’s market capitalization has consistently grown to over three trillion U.S. dollars over the period from 2014 to 2024. Today Microsoft is one of the most valuable brands worldwide with a brand value close to *** trillion U.S. dollars, with only Apple having a higher brand value. The fiscal year-end of the company is June, 30th.

The Americas region is IBM’s greatest source of revenue with over 31 billion U.S. dollars generated in the region - around 50 percent of the company’s overall revenue. IBM's global revenue declined in the decade following 2011, with the company struggling to adapt to shifting industry trends. IBM’s investments in the futureAlong with many other companies in the tech industry, IBM is in a period of transition from a legacy business in the technology sector to adapting its product offerings for a changing industry. It is regaining lost ground from prior underinvestment in cloud services and applications by purchasing and investing in innovative companies in the field, as well as refocusing its own research and development expenses on new and emerging products and technologies. In 2019, IBM acquired enterprise software company Red Hat, the world’s largest provider of open-source software solutions for 34 billion U.S. dollars. Much of IBM’s research and development is in the direction of hybrid cloud, blockchain, quantum computing, and AI, in hopes to kick start growth and reverse the trend of declining revenues. Of these, quantum computing is a promising way for IBM to be at the forefront of the world’s fastest and most powerful computing devices.

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IBM generated over 62 billion U.S. dollars in revenue in 2024, an increase of around 1 billion U.S. dollars on the previous year. The firm's yearly revenue has trended downward over the past decade, having previously exceeded the 100 billion U.S. dollar mark. Despite this, the firm remains one of the most valuable technology brands in the world behind the likes of Apple ,Google, Amazon, and Microsoft. IBM’s response to a shifting marketA tech giant since the nineties, IBM has faced struggles adjusting to changes in the marketplace. Recently the company has focused on what it terms “strategic imperatives”: getting rid of low-margin businesses and investing in high-margin businesses. At the end of 2018, for example, IBM sold IBM WebSphere Commerce to HCL Technologies for 1.8 billion U.S. dollars. IBM is still very profitable, although not at the level as between 2006 and 2012. Reflecting the changing demands of digital transformation, the largest source of IBM’s revenue for fiscal year 2020 now comes from its technology services and cloud platforms business segment, which specializes in helping organizations integrate their traditional infrastructure into a multicloud environment.

Problem Statement

Our client is ABC a leading firm and is doing well in the sector. It is recently facing a steep increase in its employee attrition . Employee attrition has gone up from 14% to 25% in the last 1 year . We are asked to prepare a strategy to immediately tackle this issue such that the firm’s business is not hampered and also to propose an efficient employee satisfaction program for long run. Currently, no such program is in place . Further salary hikes are not an option.

Data Description

The dataset consists of 14710 observations and 8 variables. Each row in dataset represents an employee; each column contains employee attributes:

Independent Variables were: Age: Age of employees, Department: Department of work, Distance from home, Education: 1-Below College; 2-College; 3-Bachelor; 4-Master; 5-Doctor; Education Field Environment Satisfaction: 1-Low; 2-Medium; 3-High; 4-Very High; Job Satisfaction: 1-Low; 2-Medium; 3-High; 4-Very High; Marital Status, Monthly Income, Num Companies Worked: Number of companies worked prior to IBM, Work Life Balance: 1-Bad; 2-Good; 3-Better; 4-Best; Years At Company: Current years of service in IBM Dependent Variable was: Attrition: Employee attrition status(0 or 1)

The HR Management Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for automation in HR processes, the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions, and the growing demand for data-driven insights in talent management. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.15% from 2019 to 2024 indicates a significant upward trajectory. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, businesses across various sectors, including IT & Telecom, BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), Manufacturing, and Healthcare, are increasingly adopting HRMS solutions to streamline recruitment, onboarding, performance management, and payroll processes. The shift towards cloud-based deployments offers scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, further accelerating market adoption. Furthermore, the demand for advanced analytics and predictive capabilities within HRMS is creating opportunities for vendors offering sophisticated talent management and workforce planning tools. While challenges such as data security concerns and integration complexities exist, the overall market outlook remains positive. The market is segmented by deployment (cloud-based and on-premise), type (workplace management, talent management, sourcing and recruitment, applicant tracking systems, and others), and end-user industry. Major players like Workday, Accenture, UKG, IBM, and others are actively competing in this space, driving innovation and expanding the market's capabilities. The North American market currently holds a significant share, but the Asia-Pacific region is projected to experience substantial growth in the coming years, driven by increasing digitalization and a burgeoning workforce. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued expansion, with the market size projected to exceed current estimations. Based on the historical CAGR and considering the accelerating adoption of digital HR technologies, we can expect sustained growth. The ongoing digital transformation across industries, coupled with the increasing focus on employee experience and engagement, will further bolster market expansion. The competitive landscape will likely remain dynamic, with established players and emerging vendors vying for market share through strategic partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions, as well as continuous product innovation. The focus on integrating AI and machine learning capabilities into HRMS platforms will enhance efficiency and decision-making, ultimately shaping the future of HR technology. The continued growth of the cloud segment and increased demand for integrated solutions will be key drivers for market evolution in the years to come. Recent developments include: May 2022 - Oracle aims to provide Oracle France Payroll as a part of Oracle Fusion Cloud Human Capital Management (HCM). The addition of the new cloud payroll solution will help organizations automate workflows, manage compliance, and quickly process payroll for French employees. Further, the addition will help organizations save time, reducing payroll errors by eliminating manual processes and automating complex rules and calculations. The simplification will allow customers to comply with tax and reporting obligations easily., April 2022 - UKG partnered with Dana-Farber Cancer Institute to deliver a systematic employee experience. Dana-Farber chose UKG Dimensions and UKG EZCall to automate manual people processes and scheduling practices for its 6,000 physicians, nurses, and other hospital staff throughout its two main campuses and five satellite locations. The partnership was aimed to deliver deep operational insights to benefit its clinical and research divisions.. Key drivers for this market are: Advancement in Cloud Technology and IoT Devices, Increasing Number of Enterprise and Start-ups Boosting the Adoption; Benefits offered by HR Management Software Integration. Potential restraints include: Cybersecurity Concerns and Data Security Breaches. Notable trends are: Benefits of the HR Management Software Driving the Market.

S1 Data - Acceptability of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Baglung Municipality of Nepal: A mixed-method study

IntroductionLymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease, remains a significant public health challenge in endemic regions including Baglung Municipality of Nepal. This study investigates the acceptability of mass drug administration (MDA) for LF in Baglung Municipality of Nepal.MethodologyA cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted in Baglung Municipality among 272 community people. Three Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted among 25 commmunity members. Quantitative data were collected using pretested structured questionnaires and FGDs were conducted using structured guideline. Probability proportional to size sampling was done to select desired number of participants. EpiData 3.1 was used for data entry and IBM SPSS 22 was employed for quantitative data analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression was applied. Similarly, thematic analysis was done for qualitative data analysis.ResultsThe study revealed that 84.2% were aware of MDA with 48.5% of participants having good knowledge about LF. About 59.3% and 45.2% had a positive attitude towards MDA and LF respectively. More than four fifth (80.5%) of the participants had accepted the MDA campaign with 91.5% having received MDA medication. Significant factors for MDA acceptability included educational status, attitude towards MDA, fear of side effects, and medication received. Qualitative data highlighted the strong influence of effective communication by health workers on MDA acceptance.ConclusionKnowledge on LF was found low among the participants with lesser proportion having positive attitude towards LF; highlighting the need for an increase in knowledge and attitude towards LF. The study shows the high level of acceptability of MDA; primarily influenced by the effective communication by health workers and the public trust in health services. Health workers led community-based strategies and programs are recommended for the high acceptance of MDA and the development of a positive attitude for better compliance.

The global space management software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for efficient workspace utilization and optimization across various industries. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to expand significantly over the forecast period (2025-2033), fueled by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 15%. This growth is attributed to several key factors: the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions offering scalability and accessibility; the growing emphasis on improving employee experience through optimized workspace design and resource allocation; and the increasing demand for data-driven insights to inform strategic real estate decisions. Large enterprises are currently the largest segment, but the SME sector is showing significant growth potential, driven by cost-effectiveness and accessibility of cloud-based solutions. The shift towards hybrid work models further underscores the necessity for effective space management, leading to heightened investment in software solutions that manage both physical and remote workspaces. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players like IBM and JDA Software, alongside a growing number of innovative startups. These companies offer a diverse range of solutions catering to various industry needs and organizational sizes. Key differentiators include functionalities such as space planning, desk booking, resource allocation, and workplace analytics. However, challenges remain, including integration complexities with existing systems, data security concerns, and the need for user-friendly interfaces to ensure widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, the market's positive trajectory is expected to continue, driven by the ongoing digital transformation across industries and the increasing importance of optimized space utilization in maximizing operational efficiency and profitability. Regional growth will vary, with North America and Europe expected to maintain a significant market share due to high technological adoption and a well-established commercial real estate sector. However, Asia-Pacific is poised for rapid growth, fuelled by increasing urbanization and economic development.

The global workplace safety market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory mandates, heightened awareness of employee well-being, and the rising adoption of advanced technologies. The market, estimated at $50 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $85 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing prevalence of workplace accidents and injuries necessitates robust safety measures, pushing organizations to invest heavily in safety solutions. Secondly, technological advancements, particularly in areas like IoT-enabled sensors, AI-powered predictive analytics, and wearable safety technology, are revolutionizing workplace safety management, enabling proactive risk mitigation and improved incident response. The industrial sector currently dominates the market, but significant growth is anticipated in the commercial sector as businesses prioritize employee safety and productivity. Furthermore, government initiatives promoting workplace safety standards and offering incentives for safety improvements are also contributing to market expansion. The market is segmented by hardware (safety equipment, monitoring devices), software (safety management systems, risk assessment tools), services (consultancy, training), and applications (industrial, commercial). While established players like IBM, Honeywell, and 3M hold significant market share, a growing number of specialized technology providers are emerging, offering innovative solutions and fostering competition. Geographical expansion is another significant driver, with North America and Europe currently leading the market, while Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth due to increasing industrialization and rising safety awareness in developing economies. However, factors like high initial investment costs for some technologies and the need for consistent employee training could act as restraints. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the workplace safety market remains exceptionally positive, fueled by the fundamental need for creating safer and healthier work environments globally.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Business Process Automation market size is USD 10.2 billion in 2023 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.80% from 2023 to 2030.

The demand for business process automation is rising because of the increased need to optimize resource utilization, streamline communication across different business functions, continue business operations, and get the benefits of automated IT systems, all of which contribute to the rising demand for business process automation solutions.
The demand for cloud-based BPA software remains high because deploying BPA solutions in the cloud is faster than on-premises. Companies who want to reap the benefits of automation must apply it at this rate.
IT & Telecom held the highest business process automation market revenue share in 2023. 
Asia-Pacific business process automation market will continue to lead, whereas the Middle East and Africa business process automation tools market will experience the most substantial growth until 2030.

Enhanced Efficiency of Business is Driving Market Growth

The need for maximized output is rising because automation allows workers to concentrate on higher-level, more creative and strategic parts of their jobs. The result is a more invested staff and higher output. Improving operational efficiency and cutting expenses are perennial goals for businesses. Working processes are made faster and more efficient using business process automation because it automates and simplifies them, reducing the need for human interaction, which will grow in demand in the coming years.

For instance, in October 2023, IBM introduced Watsonx Code Helper, an AI-powered creative assistant. Using natural language instructions aims to assist business developers and IT managers in coding more efficiently and with higher quality.

(Source: newsroom.ibm.com/2023-10-26-IBM-Launches-watsonx-Code-Assistant,-Delivers-Generative-AI-powered-Code-Generation-Capabilities-Built-for-Enterprise-Application-Modernization)

Growth of Cloud-Based Programs Expected to Propel Market Growth

Implementing and expanding business process automation gets easier with the growing number of cloud-based solutions. Because of the portability, accessibility, and low cost of cloud platforms, automated processes can be more easily implemented and managed by enterprises. There is a strong push for BPA adoption due to the necessity of meeting industrial rules and reducing risks. Errors and noncompliance are less likely to occur when automated operations guarantee consistency and increased demand during the forecast period.

For instance, in September 2023, Oracle introduced the Fusion Data Intelligence Platform. This cutting-edge platform combines data-driven insights with intelligent decisions and actions, allowing Oracle Fusion Cloud Applications users to achieve superior business outcomes.

(Source: www.oracle.com/in/news/announcement/ocw-fusion-data-intelligence-platform-2023-09-20/)

Market Dynamics of the Business Process Automation

Issues Concerning Safety to Hinder the Market Growth

There are worries regarding the safety of automated operations because they handle sensitive data. The prevention of hacking and unauthorized usage relies heavily on the robustness of security measures. Professionals with expertise in company procedures and technology are essential for effectively deploying and administrating BPA solutions. This potential is also an obstacle to wider adoption due to the need for more qualified professionals. This factor hampered the global business process automation market during the forecast period.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Business Process Automation Market

The global spread of the COVID-19 virus has altered the nature of business as usual. Despite exposing flaws in business models across industries, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous chances for vendors of business process automation solutions to grow their businesses through enterprise-wide cloud adoption during the lockdown. With consumers increasingly choosing to stay home and use digital devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops, businesses are capitalizing on this trend by advertising online. Companies are increasingly using automation technology to streamline their operations and cut costs. Introduction of the Business Process Automation Market

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IBM achieved a net income of 6 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, a slight decrease from the 7.5 billion U.S. dollars recorded in 2023. After experiencing a steady increase in net income over roughly a decade up to 2013, the company’s income over the past eight years has trended downward. Some of this can be attributed to a quickly evolving market environment. IBM is transforming its business amid industry-wide digital transformation, shifting away from being a hardware, software, and services company, towards becoming a cognitive solutions and cloud platform company. In 2016, IBM changed its segment reporting to reflect this shift, and realigned its software portfolio. Adjusting to the era of cloud computingIBM is now focusing on hybrid and multi-cloud, as well as artificial intelligence (AI) to better align its portfolio to market demands, emphasizing strong integration between the two subjects. This combination is exemplified by IBM’s 34 billion U.S. dollar acquisition of AI open-source software company Red Hat that was completed in mid-2019. Other significant acquisitions include the data analytics and management services company Truven Health Analytics, and cloud object storage system company Cleversafe. IBM is aggressively expanding into cloud computing and data analytics, though it faces strong competition with cloud providers Alphabet and Amazon.

Association between characteristics/variables with Acceptability.

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with acceptability of mass drug administration.