This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of climate forcing|ice cores with a geographic location of Greenland. The time period coverage is from 41483 to 7983 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic location of Bolivia. The time period coverage is from 13000 to -49 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

Download Historical Carbon Emissions ECX EUA - ICE Futures Data. CQG daily, 1 minute, tick, and level 1 data from 1899.

Samples above 1010 m are from Fischer et al. 2008, but have here been corrected for Kr interference and processed similar to the data presented here. It is mandatory to cite both publications, if you want to use the full dataset. All d13CH4 values reported with respect to VPDB.

Determinations of ancient atmospheric CO2 concentrations for Siple Station, located in West Antarctica, were derived from measurements of air occluded in a 200-m core drilled at Siple Station in the Antarctic summer of 1983-84. The core was drilled by the Polar Ice Coring Office in Nebraska and the Physics Institute at the University of Bern. The ice could be dated with an accuracy of approximately ±2 years to a depth of 144 m (which corresponds to the year 1834) by counting seasonal variations in electrical conductivity. Below that depth, the core was dated by extrapolation (Friedli et al. 1986). The gases from ice samples were extracted by a dry-extraction system, in which bubbles were crushed mechanically to release the trapped gases, and then analyzed for CO2 by infrared laser absorption spectroscopy or by gas chromatography (Neftel et al. 1985). After the ice samples were crushed, the gas expanded over a cold trap, condensing the water vapor at -80°C in the absorption cell. The analytical system was calibrated for each ice sample measurement with a standard mixture of CO2 in nitrogen and oxygen. For further details on the experimental and dating procedures, see Neftel et al. (1985), Friedli et al. (1986),more » and Schwander and Stauffer (1984).For access to the data files, click this link to the CDIAC data transition website: http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/siple.html« less

Brazil Production: Inorganic: Industrial Gas: Carbon Dioxide, Dry Ice data was reported at 405,675.405 BRL th in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 469,398.721 BRL th for 2016. Brazil Production: Inorganic: Industrial Gas: Carbon Dioxide, Dry Ice data is updated yearly, averaging 428,958.000 BRL th from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 569,626.000 BRL th in 2011 and a record low of 222,011.000 BRL th in 2005. Brazil Production: Inorganic: Industrial Gas: Carbon Dioxide, Dry Ice data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Chemical and Petrochemical Sector – Table BR.RHA016: Chemical and Petrochemical: Production: Inorganic.

Polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers, which cover roughly 11% of the Earth's land surface, store organic carbon from local and distant sources and then release it to downstream environments. Climate-driven changes to glacier runoff are expected to be larger than climate impacts on other components of the hydrological cycle, and may represent an important flux of organic carbon. A compilation of published data on dissolved organic carbon from glaciers across five continents reveals that mountain and polar glaciers represent a quantitatively important store of organic carbon. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the repository of most of the roughly 6 petagrams (Pg) of organic carbon stored in glacier ice, but the annual release of glacier organic carbon is dominated by mountain glaciers in the case of dissolved organic carbon and the Greenland Ice Sheet in the case of particulate organic carbon. Climate change contributes to these fluxes: approximately 13% of the annual flux of glacier dissolved organic carbon is a result of glacier mass loss. These losses are expected to accelerate, leading to a cumulative loss of roughly 15 teragrams (Tg) of glacial dissolved organic carbon by 2050 due to climate change — equivalent to about half of the annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the Amazon River. Thus, glaciers constitute a key link between terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes, and will be of increasing importance in land-to-ocean fluxes of organic carbon in glacierized regions.

Changes in past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can be determined by measuring the composition of air trapped in ice cores from Antarctica. So far, the Antarctic Vostok and EPICA Dome C ice cores have provided a composite record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past 650,000 years. Here we present results of the lowest 200 m of the Dome C ice core, extending the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by two complete glacial cycles to 800,000 yr before present. From previously published data and the present work, we find that atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present. Carbon dioxide levels are below 180 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.) for a period of 3,000 yr during Marine Isotope Stage 16, possibly reflecting more pronounced oceanic carbon storage. We report the lowest carbon dioxide concentration measured in an ice core, which extends the pre-industrial range of carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by about 10 p.p.m.v. to 172-300 p.p.m.v.

This dataset is an international circumpolar compilation of currently available organic carbon data from Antarctic pack ice cores collected at locations around Antarctica between 1989 and 2019, covering the full seasonal cycle. These data have been collated from peer-reviewed publications, reports, and unpublished measurements from researchers and research teams from across the international scientific community working in sea-ice biogeochemistry. The dataset includes concentrations of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen as well as ancillary measurements (e.g., ice temperature, salinity and other biogeochemical measurements) where available. Observations of sea-ice properties were also taken at the time of sampling, including ice thickness, snow thickness, and freeboard level, and can be used to contextualise the biogeochemical data.

A total of 362 geo-referenced pack ice cores are included in the compilation; 139 cores from the Ross sector, 132 from the Atlantic sector, 47 from the Bellingshausen/Amundsen sector, 44 from the Pacific sector, with none from the Indian sector. The ice cores were primarily collected in austral spring (n = 171), with 110 from summer, 65 from autumn and 16 from winter.

The POC and DOC samples were measured from melted ice core sections following standard procedures (e.g., Miller et al., 2015). The POC samples were filtered onto pre-combusted glass or quartz fibre filters (typically pre-combusted GF/F with an operational pore size of 0.2 µm; Hulatt and Thomas 2010) before processing (acid fuming) and combustion in an elemental analyzer. For DOC, high-temperature catalytic oxidative analysis was typically performed on the filtrate.

Sea-ice thickness was estimated from ice core lengths, and snow depth measurements accompanied the majority (71%) of the POC and DOC measurements. Temperature and salinity profiles are available for a number of the ice cores (n = 81 and n = 313, respectively) within this dataset along with particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen (PON, n = 248 and DON, n = 104) and chlorophyll a (Chl a; n = 253) concentrations.

The data are provided in a spreadsheet in .csv format. Dalman-et-al-2025_Antarctic_pack_ice_carbon_final.csv. The spreadsheet contains all available data and supporting metadata. Each column heading is intended to be as informative as possible, and is given and described below.

These data were funded by the following bodies/projects:
Australian Antarctic Science project 4635.

This data compilation and analysis were carried out as part of the Scientific Community on Oceanic Research (SCOR) working group on Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea-Ice Interfaces (BEPSII; WG-140).

This data compilation is the focus of Dalman et al., 2025, Geophysical Research Letters. This paper and the associated supplemental material provide more information about the data provided here and presents a detailed analysis of the results and scientific findings, especially in terms of utilizing it as a biomass accumulation method to estimating net community production within the sea ice. This paper should be read by any person interested in using this compiled dataset and used alongside the dataset to inform and support further analysis.

Column A – numerical order of data provided in the compilation
Cruise/Field Campaign– name of the cruise or field campaign
Station Number – number or name of sampling station
Station Date (YYYY/MM/DD) – sampling date in the format YYYYMMDD
Year – year of sample collection
Month – month of sample collection
Day – day of sample collection
Julian day - sampling date in the format julian day
Season – season according to this Antarctic seasons (write out)
Latitude – latitude of sampling location in decimal degrees
Longitude – longitude of sampling location in
Sector – sector of the Antarctic the sample came from
Ice Core ID – ice core identifier code or name, as provided
Instrument – name or description of instrument used for ice coring
Corer diameter (m) – diameter of ice corer, in metres
Ice thickness (m) – ice thickness determined from length of ice core, in metres
Snow thickness (m) – snow thickness on top of sea ice, in metres
Freeboard (m) – the difference between the height of the sea ice upper surface and the seawater surface, in metres. A positive freeboard shows that the sea ice surface is above that of seawater; a negative freeboard shows that the sea ice surface is below that of seawater
Comments (general) – any additional comments recorded by the field team
Lower limit (m) – depth of top of section for salinity measurement, from top of core, in metres
Upper limit (m) – depth of top of section for salinity measurement, from top of core, in metres
Depth (m) – depth of mid-point of core section, from top of core, in metres
Depth (%) – depth of mid-point of core section, from top of core, normalised to ice core length, in percent
Temperature (deg C) – temperature
Salinity – salinity of melted ice core section, no units
Chlorophyll a (µg.L-1) – chlorophyll a concentration of melted ice core section, in µg L-1
POC (µmol.L-1) – particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration of melted ice core section, in µmol L-1
PON (µmol.L-1) - particulate organic nitrogen (PON) concentration of melted ice core section, in µmol L-1
DOC (µmol.L-1) – dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of melted ice core section, in µmol L-1
DON (µmol.L-1) – dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration of melted ice core section, in µmol L-1

For questions about this dataset please contact Laura Dalman

References used in data description:

Hulatt, C. J., and Thomas, D. N. (2010). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in microalgal photobioreactors: a potential loss in solar energy conversion? Bioresour Technol, 101(22), 8690-8697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.086

Miller, L. A., Fripiat, F., Else, B. G. T., Bowman, J. S., Brown, K. A., Collins, R. E., Ewert, M., Fransson, A., Gosselin, M., Lannuzel, D., Meiners, K. M., Michel, C., Nishioka, J., Nomura, D., Papadimitriou, S., Russell, L. M., Sørensen, L. L., Thomas, D. N., Tison, J.-L., . . . Ackley, S. F. (2015). Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 3. https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000038

EU Carbon Permits rose to 75.44 EUR on September 4, 2025, up 0.65% from the previous day. Over the past month, EU Carbon Permits's price has risen 5.38%, and is up 13.96% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for EU Carbon Permits.

This data set includes records of the delta carbon-13 (δ13C) of methane (CH4) in firn air from the South Pole and trapped in bubbles in a short ice core from Siple Dome, Antarctica. Using two firn air samples, one from January 1995 and the other from January 2001, investigators reconstructed records of the isotopic composition of paleoatmospheric methane covering the last 2 centuries, from 1820 to 2001.

Data are in Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word formats and are available via FTP.

This data set includes chemistry and ion data collected from a 150 m core recovered from Siple Dome, West Antarctica. The core was drilled during the 1994/1995 field season. Dating of the core was accomplished using annual signals preserved in several chemical species, beta activity profiles, and volcanic horizons. The resulting depth/age scale indicates an age of 1890 A.D. at 24 m, and 850 A.D. at 150 m depth.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic location of Antarctica. The time period coverage is from 27000 to 1302 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of climate forcing|ice cores with a geographic _location of Antarctica. The time period coverage is from 160000 to 1700 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study _location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

Interlaboratory comparison between Oregon State University (OSU) and CMAR (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research,Australia).

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic location of Svalbard And Jan Mayen, North Atlantic Ocean. The time period coverage is from 728 to -61 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

This data set includes CO2 and CH4 records derived from three ice cores obtained at Law Dome, East Antarctica, from 1987 to 1993.Law Dome is a medium size, approximately circular, (200 km dia., 1390 m high) ice sheet situated at the edge of the main East Antarctic ice sheet. The data in this set include cores drilled between 1987 and 1993 to a depth of 1199.6.

This dataset contains three data files from soil data collected by sampling soil cores and pits across a toposequence on two hillslopes in permafrost affected soils in Northern Alaska, USA. Soil cores and profiles were excavated to 3m or until auger refusal. Samples were collected by genetic soil horizons for laboratory analysis and organized into complete soil profiles ordered depth. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and ice stocks (stocks_by_core.csv) were calculated from the core dataset . Data for mean values by depth increments (20,50,100,150,200 cm) of total soc, total nitrogen, bulk density, and ice content were determined and made available in this dataset (soc-tn-bd-ice-slab_tables.csv). Stocks by site are included in a separate file (stocks_by_site.csv). Each of these three files also has an associated data dictionary file (stocks_by_core_dd.csv, soc-tn-bd-ice-slab_tables_dd.csv, stocks_by_site_dd.csv). Finally, an FLMD file is also included (FLMD_Happy_Valley_Sagwon.csv).

The data are measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the WAIS Divide Ice Core, WDC06A, Antarctica.?

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Ice Core. The data include parameters of ice cores with a geographic _location of Italy, Southern Europe. The time period coverage is from 209 to -65 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study _location details. Please cite this study when using the data.