The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a global ocean marine meteorological and surface ocean dataset. It is formed by merging many national and international data sources that contain measurements and visual observations from ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine and near-surface ocean platforms. Each marine report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems. This dataset contains ICOADS Release 3.0.2-Daily, which is a near-real time daily update of ICOADS observations. Data are available from 2023-03-24, and are updated daily with a latency of 19 days. The new release includes changes designed to enable more effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centers, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report, to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data and metadata sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made.

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Near-Real-Time (NRT) product is an extension of the official ICOADS data set based on preliminary Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data. The data are considered 'preliminary' until fully incorporated into a full major ICOADS data set release. The NRT data set is a merged product of various marine GTS data sources providing surface marine in situ observations from different observing platforms. Observations in the NRT product are primarily from ships (merchant, research, fishing, navy, etc.), moored and drifting buoys, and coastal stations. Each report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, winds, pressure, humidity, wet bulb, dew point, ocean waves and cloudiness. The data are provided in the ICOADS common International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) data format and NetCDF. Useful metadata have been added in the global and variable attributes of each file to make the netCDF self-contained. R3.0 includes changes designed to enable more effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centers, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report, to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Many new input data and metadata sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made. For NRT creation the data are first quality controlled and blended together, with duplicates (Intermediate product) retained. The duplicates are then compared and removed for the Final product and a statistical output summary file providing justifications for duplicate deletions that occurred during the blending process. User groups include sea surface temperature analyses, global surface temperature analyses, model/reanalysis input, and general ocean research. The data set is produced and archived monthly. Spatial coverage is global and the current period of record for these files begins in January 2008 to the most current complete month.

This dataset, the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), is the most widely-used freely available collection of surface marine observations, with over 455 million individual marine reports spanning 1662-2014-each containing the observations and metadata reported from a given ship, buoy, coastal platform, or oceanographic instrument, providing data for the construction of gridded analyses of sea surface temperature, estimates of air-sea interaction and other meteorological variables. ICOADS observations are assimilated into all major atmospheric, oceanic and coupled reanalyses, further widening its impact. R3, therefore includes changes designed to enable the effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centres, data set developers, scientists, and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the ICOADS' International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made. Additionally, these data are offered in NetCDF with useful metadata added in global and variable attributes of each file to make the NetCDF self-contained.

This dataset includes 2 versions of the official ICOADS Release 3 dataset: 1) the 'Total' product (denoted by 'T' in the filename) which contains all duplicates and is used for verification and research purposes; and 2) 'Final' R3, with duplicates removed, where all reports have been compared for matching dates, id's and elements observed and the best duplicate retained as the final report.

This dataset contains the latest official release of International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) with Enhanced Trimming, provided in a common format: the International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA format). The dataset provides point observations with full global coverage, from 1662 to 2014. Surface meteorological variables over the ocean, including sea surface temperature, are available where observed. All observations in this collection from the latest ICOADS Release data set are "enhanced" filtered. The enhanced filter option is designed to select almost all available observations, including ships, buoys, and additional platforms such as oceanographic profilers. Furthermore, this filter excludes (trims) outliers that fall outside 4.5 standard deviations from the smoothed median. For more information on enhanced observations please read associated resources. From the project website (http://icoads.noaa.gov/products.html) you can find out about other filtering operations, as well as about monthly summary statistics(basic gridded) products, provided from the other ICOADS project partners. There are Preliminary data that are delivered monthly, but are not a part of the Official ICOADS Release 3.0.

The Global Marine Observations in 10-degree bins are reformatted data from the International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). ICOADS consists of digital data archived at the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI). ICOADS is the world's largest collection of marine surface in situ observations with 500+ million unique records from 1662-present. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and position relative to major ocean shipping routes. ICOADS data are made available through observations that are taken primarily from ships (merchant, ocean research, fishing, navy, etc.) and moored and drifting buoys. Each report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, winds, pressure, humidity, wet bulb, dew point, ocean waves, and cloudiness. Also available are monthly statistics of observations. After the observations are summarized the data are not interpolated or analyzed to fill data voids. A monthly summary for an area box includes statistics (e.g. mean, median, standard deviation, etc.) for observed and computed variables (e.g. sea surface and air temperature, wind, pressure, humidity, cloudiness, etc.). The original ICOADS data are available in ASCII, native binary, and NetCDF4 formats. The Global Marine data are available in the 10-degree bins in CSV and PDF formats. The PDFs are available for Certification.

The NOAA NCEI (National Center for Environmental Information) Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature dataset derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). Production of the ERSST is on a 2 degree grid with spatial completeness enhanced using statistical methods. This monthly analysis begins in January 1854 continuing to the present and includes anomalies computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. The newest version of ERSST, version 5, uses new data sets from ICOADS Release 3.0 (Sea Surface Temperatures) SST; SST comes from Argo floats above 5 meters, Hadley Centre sea ice and SST version 2 (HadISST.2) ice concentration. ERSSTv5 has improved SST spatial and temporal variability by * reducing spatial filtering in training the reconstruction functions Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOTs), * removing high-latitude damping in EOTs, * adding 10 more EOTs in the Arctic. ERSSTv5 improved absolute SST by switching from using Nighttime Marine Air Temperature (NMAT) as a reference to buoy SST as a reference in correcting ship SST biases. Scientists have further improved ERSSTv5 by using unadjusted First-Guess instead of adjusted First-Guess.

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Near-Real-Time (NRT) product is an extension of the official ICOADS dataset with preliminary Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data. The data is only considered 'preliminary' until fully incorporated into a full update of the ICOADS dataset. This data set is a merged product from various marine GTS data containing surface marine observations from many different observing systems, creating a complete and heterogeneous collection of surface marine data. Observations are taken primarily from ships (merchant, ocean research, fishing, navy, etc.) and moored and drifting buoys. Each report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, winds, pressure, humidity, wet bulb, dew point, ocean waves and cloudiness. The data are marine GTS data in IMMA format that are quality controlled and blended together, first with duplicates (Intermediate product), then quality controlled for final product with a final output summary. The intermediate output is used to conduct studies on the GTS transmissions, duplicates, ship tracking, etc. Then the data is blended through a duplicate elimination routine (dupelim) for a single monthly product. The Output Summary product is a statistical summary of the dataset along with justifications for duplicate deletions that occurred during the blending process. User groups include sea surface temperature analysis, global surface temperature analysis, model/reanalysis input, and general ocean research. The dataset will be produced and archived monthly. Spatial coverage is global and the current period of record for these files will begin in January 2008 to the most current month. Any updates will not be incorporated in this dataset, but will be added to the new releases of the official ICOADS dataset in delayed mode. The data will be formated to the most current IMMA standard in ASCII file format.

Please note, this dataset has been superseded by a newer version (see below). Users should not use this version except in rare cases (e.g., when reproducing previous studies that used this version). The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Near-Real-Time (NRT) product is an extension of the official ICOADS dataset with preliminary Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data. The data is only considered 'preliminary' until fully incorporated into a full update of the ICOADS dataset. This data set is a merged product from various marine GTS data containing surface marine observations from many different observing systems, creating a complete and heterogeneous collection of surface marine data. Observations are taken primarily from ships (merchant, ocean research, fishing, navy, etc.) and moored and drifting buoys. Each report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, winds, pressure, humidity, wet bulb, dew point, ocean waves and cloudiness. The data are marine GTS data in IMMA format that are quality controlled and blended together, first with duplicates (Intermediate product), then quality controlled for final product with a final output summary. The intermediate output is used to conduct studies on the GTS transmissions, duplicates, ship tracking, etc. Then the data is blended through a duplicate elimination routine (dupelim) for a single monthly product. The Output Summary product is a statistical summary of the dataset along with justifications for duplicate deletions that occurred during the blending process. User groups include sea surface temperature analysis, global surface temperature analysis, model/reanalysis input, and general ocean research. The dataset will be produced and archived monthly. Spatial coverage is global and the current period of record for these files will begin in January 2008 to the most current month. Any updates will not be incorporated in this dataset, but will be added to the new releases of the official ICOADS dataset in delayed mode. The data will be formated to the most current IMMA standard in ASCII file format.

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Near-Real-Time (NRT) product is an extension of the official ICOADS data set based on preliminary Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data. The data are considered 'preliminary' until fully incorporated into a full major ICOADS data set release. The NRT data set is a merged product of various marine GTS data sources providing surface marine in situ observations from different observing platforms. Observations in the NRT product are primarily from ships (merchant, research, fishing, navy, etc.), moored and drifting buoys, and coastal stations. Each report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, winds, pressure, humidity, wet bulb, dew point, ocean waves and cloudiness. The data are provided in the ICOADS common International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) data format and NetCDF. Useful metadata have been added in the global and variable attributes of each file to make the netCDF self-contained. R3.0 includes changes designed to enable more effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centers, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report, to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Many new input data and metadata sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made. For NRT creation the data are first quality controlled and blended together, with duplicates (Intermediate product) retained. The duplicates are then compared and removed for the Final product and a statistical output summary file providing justifications for duplicate deletions that occurred during the blending process. User groups include sea surface temperature analyses, global surface temperature analyses, model/reanalysis input, and general ocean research. The data set is produced and archived monthly. Spatial coverage is global and the current period of record for these files begins in January 2008 to the most current complete month.

This dataset, the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), is the most widely-used freely available collection of surface marine observations, with over 455 million individual marine reports spanning 1662-2014-each containing the observations and metadata reported from a given ship, buoy, coastal platform, or oceanographic instrument, providing data for the construction of gridded analyses of sea surface temperature, estimates of air-sea interaction and other meteorological variables. ICOADS observations are assimilated into all major atmospheric, oceanic and coupled reanalyses, further widening its impact. R3, therefore includes changes designed to enable the effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centres, data set developers, scientists, and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the ICOADS' International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made.

This dataset includes 2 versions of the official ICOADS Release 3 dataset: 1) the 'Total' product (denoted by 'T' in the filename) which contains all duplicates and is used for verification and research purposes; and 2) 'Final' R3, with duplicates removed, where all reports have been compared for matching dates, id's and elements observed and the best duplicate retained as the final report.

This accession contains observations of global ocean meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness, from many national and international data sources, including ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine and near-surface ocean platforms. These observations have been merged to create the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) collected from 1860-01-01 to 1869-12-31. The spatial coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems. This is the netCDF version of the ICOADS Release 3.0 (R3.0), which is converted from the IMMA1 format. Useful metadata have been added in the global and variable attributes of each file to make the netCDF self-contained.

The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature analysis on a 2x2 degree grid derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). The latest ERSST Version 4 (v4) is based on Version 3b (v3b). Major revisions for v4 include: updated and substantively more complete input data from the ICOADS Release 2.5 (R2.5); revised Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOTs) and EOT acceptance criterion; updated sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures; revised SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods; updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using Hadley Nighttime Marine Air Temperature version 2 (HadNMAT2); and a buoy SST bias adjustment not previously made in v3b. ERSST v4 is generated using in situ SST data and improved statistical methods that allow stable reconstruction when data are sparse. The monthly analysis extends from January 1854 to the present, but because of sparse data in the early years, there is damping of the analyzed signal before 1880. After 1880, the strength of the signal is more consistent over time. The product is updated monthly with the available GTS ship and buoy data for that month. Data for the time period from January 2001 to the previous month are recalculated every month. Data before January 2001 are not updated. Note that v3b data were recalculated every month for January 1985 to the previous month. The SST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 month climatology. Local and short-term variations have been smoothed in the ERSST analysis. The product is suitable for long-term global and basin-wide SST studies, and it is used as an input to the NCEI Merged Land Ocean Surface Temperature (MLOST) product. The data are written to a monthly netCDF files with CF metadata attributes included.

The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature dataset derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). It is produced on a 2° × 2° grid with spatial completeness enhanced using statistical methods. This monthly analysis begins in January 1854 continuing to the present and includes anomalies computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. This is the newest version of ERSST, version 5

ICOADS Fluxes S88 version 1.00 w/ NOC adjusted AT. Air-sea fluxes derived using bulk formulas from a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS) R3.1.0 (1990-2014; https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3) and R3.0.2 (2015-2020; https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/dsd548003/). Fluxes are derived from ship-based and mooring-based observations and are available for the period 1990-2020. These fluxes are derived from individual marine weather and ocean reports and are provided at the time and location of the original observations. The NOC Run includes bias corrected air temperature values from Morice, C. P., Berry, D. I., Cornes, R. C., Cowtan, K., Cropper, T., Hawkins, E., Kennedy, J. J., Osborn, T. J., Rayner, N. A., Rivas, B. R., Schurer, A. P., Taylor, M., Teleti, P. R., Wallis, E. J., Winn, J., and Kent, E. C.: An observational record of global gridded near surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-500, in review, 2024. acknowledgement=NOAA/CPO/COM via award NA21OAR4310262 cdm_data_type=Point Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.61, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.1 Easternmost_Easting=180.0 featureType=Point flux_code=S88 flux_code_info=https://www.coaps.fsu.edu/~bourassa/MFT_html/MFT_docs.php geospatial_lat_max=90.0 geospatial_lat_min=-78.7 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=180.0 geospatial_lon_min=-179.99 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=Used original year, month, day, hour data in ICOADS to create ISO time string for ERDDAP infoUrl=https://marineflux.coaps.fsu.edu/ institution=FSU COAPS MDC keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords mft_dimensionless_m_o_length=0.0 mft_dyn_in_prm=0.0 mft_sfc_moist_val=0.98 mft_sst_prm=0.0 mft_stable_prm=1.0 mft_zo_m_input_in_meter=1e-06 Northernmost_Northing=90.0 processing_level=2.0 project=MarineFlux project_version=1.0.0 references=TBD source=Calculations on ship and mooring observations extracted from ICOADS R3.1.0 (1990-2014; https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3) and R3.0.2 (2015-2020; https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/dsd548003/) using bulk flux model B23. The NOC Run includes bias corrected air temperature values from Morice, C. P., Berry, D. I., Cornes, R. C., Cowtan, K., Cropper, T., Hawkins, E., Kennedy, J. J., Osborn, T. J., Rayner, N. A., Rivas, B. R., Schurer, A. P., Taylor, M., Teleti, P. R., Wallis, E. J., Winn, J., and Kent, E. C.: An observational record of global gridded near surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-500, in review, 2024. sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-78.7 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v85 subsetVariables=w_scaled_qc time_coverage_end=2020-12-31T23:58:48Z time_coverage_start=1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-179.99

ICOADS Fluxes version 1.00 (B23). Air-sea fluxes derived using bulk formulas from a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS) R3.1.0 (1990-2014; https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3) and R3.0.2 (2015-2020; https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/dsd548003/). Fluxes are derived from ship-based and mooring-based observations and are available for the period 1990-2020. These fluxes are derived from individual marine weather and ocean reports and are provided at the time and location of the original observations. The NOC Run includes bias corrected air temperature values from Morice, C. P., Berry, D. I., Cornes, R. C., Cowtan, K., Cropper, T., Hawkins, E., Kennedy, J. J., Osborn, T. J., Rayner, N. A., Rivas, B. R., Schurer, A. P., Taylor, M., Teleti, P. R., Wallis, E. J., Winn, J., and Kent, E. C.: An observational record of global gridded near surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-500, in review, 2024. acknowledgement=NOAA/CPO/COM via award NA21OAR4310262 cdm_data_type=Point Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.61, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.1 Easternmost_Easting=180.0 featureType=Point flux_code=B23 flux_code_info=https://www.coaps.fsu.edu/~bourassa/MFT_html/MFT_docs.php geospatial_lat_max=90.0 geospatial_lat_min=-78.7 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=180.0 geospatial_lon_min=-179.99 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=Used original year, month, day, hour data in ICOADS to create ISO time string for ERDDAP infoUrl=https://marineflux.coaps.fsu.edu/ institution=FSU COAPS MDC keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords mft_dimensionless_m_o_length=0.0 mft_dyn_in_prm=0.0 mft_sfc_moist_val=0.98 mft_sst_prm=1.0 mft_stable_prm=0.0 mft_zo_m_input_in_meter=1e-06 Northernmost_Northing=90.0 processing_level=2.0 project=MarineFlux project_version=1.0.0 references=TBD source=Calculations on ship and mooring observations extracted from ICOADS R3.1.0 (1990-2014; https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3) and R3.0.2 (2015-2020; https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/dsd548003/) using bulk flux model B23. The NOC Run includes bias corrected air temperature values from Morice, C. P., Berry, D. I., Cornes, R. C., Cowtan, K., Cropper, T., Hawkins, E., Kennedy, J. J., Osborn, T. J., Rayner, N. A., Rivas, B. R., Schurer, A. P., Taylor, M., Teleti, P. R., Wallis, E. J., Winn, J., and Kent, E. C.: An observational record of global gridded near surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-500, in review, 2024.. sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-78.7 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v85 subsetVariables=w_scaled_qc time_coverage_end=2020-12-31T23:58:48Z time_coverage_start=1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-179.99

The Smith & Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 dataset provides a historical reconstruction of monthly global ocean surface temperatures and temperature anomalies over a 2 degree spatial grid since 1854 from in-situ observations based on a consistent statistical methodology that accounts for uneven sampling distributions over time and related observational biases. Version 5 of this dataset implements release 3.0 of ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) and is supplemented by monthly GTS (Global Telecommunications Ship and buoy) system data. As for the prior ERSST version, v5 implements Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection analysis (EOT) but with an improved tuning method for sparsely sampled regions and periods. ERSST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. The version 5 has been improved from previous version 4. Major improvements in v5 include: 1) Inclusion and use of new sources and new versions of input datasets, such as data from Argo floats (new source), ICOADS R3.0 (from R2.5), HadISST2 (from HadISST1) sea ice concentration, and 2) Improved methodologies, such as inclusion of additional statistical modes, less spatial-temporal smoothing, better quality control method, and bias correction with baseline to modern buoy observations. The new version improves the spatial structures and magnitudes of El Nino and La Nina events. The ERSST v5 in netCDF format contains extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, SST anomaly, and associated estimated SST error standard deviation fields, in compliance with CF1.6 standard metadata.

ICOADS Fluxes version 1.00 (C36) w/ NOC adjusted AT. Air-sea fluxes derived using bulk formulas from a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS) R3.1.0 (1990-2014; https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3) and R3.0.2 (2015-2020; https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/dsd548003/). Fluxes are derived from ship-based and mooring-based observations and are available for the period 1990-2020. These fluxes are derived from individual marine weather and ocean reports and are provided at the time and location of the original observations. The NOC Run includes bias corrected air temperature values from XXXmanuscript). acknowledgement=NOAA/CPO/COM via award NA21OAR4310262 cdm_data_type=Point COARE_lw_dn=370.0 COARE_rain=0.0 COARE_sw_dn=150.0 COARE_zi=600.0 Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.61, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.1 Easternmost_Easting=359.99 featureType=Point flux_code=COARE v3.6 Flux_code_info=https://github.com/NOAA-PSL/COARE-algorithm geospatial_lat_max=90.0 geospatial_lat_min=-78.7 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=359.99 geospatial_lon_min=0.0 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=Used original year, month, day, hour data in ICOADS to create ISO time string for ERDDAP infoUrl=https://marineflux.coaps.fsu.edu/ institution=FSU COAPS MDC keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords Northernmost_Northing=90.0 processing_level=2.0 project=MarineFlux references=TBD source=Calculations on ship and mooring observations extracted from ICOADS R3.1.0 (1990-2014; https://doi.org/10.5065/D6ZS2TR3) and R3.0.2 (2015-2020; https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/dsd548003/) using flux model COARE 3.6. The NOC Run includes bias corrected air temperature values from XXXmanuscript). sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-78.7 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v85 subsetVariables=w_scaled_qc, slp_replacement_qc, at_replacement_qc, sst_replacement_qc, rh_replacement_qc, hot, hot_qc, hot_replacement_qc, hoa_replacement_qc time_coverage_end=2020-12-31T23:58:48Z time_coverage_start=1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=0.0

This collection contains observations of global ocean meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness, from many national and international data sources, including ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine and near-surface ocean platforms in the netCDF 4.0 format. These observations have been merged to create the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3.0. The spatial coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems. The temporal coverage is from 1662 to present and organized by one file per month. This is the netCDF version of the ICOADS Release 3.0 (R3.0), which is converted from the original IMMA1 format. Useful metadata have been added in the global and variable attributes of each file to make the netCDF self-contained. R3.0 includes changes designed to enable more effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centers, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report, to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Many new input data and metadata sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made.

Marine surface data are segregated from Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data stream at the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The GTS records have global distribution and are from ships, buoys, and other platforms at frequencies native to each respective observing system. The data include many parameters from complete ship surface meteorological observations (wind, atmospheric pressure and and temperature, cloudiness, sea surface temperature, etc.) to limited variables from drifting buoy observations (sea surface temperature and atmospheric pressure). Beginning in March 1997 these data have been collected and archived primarily to support the development of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). Periodically, the GTS data are processed, quality assurance checked, combined with other data sources, and included in ICOADS. These data may be suitable for some very specific studies, but it is generally recommended that ICOADS be used instead. The ICOADS observations [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/] and ICOADS monthly summary statistics [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.1/] are also available, as is much more information on the ICOADS project website [http://icoads.noaa.gov/]

The Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies (COAPS [http://coaps.fsu.edu/]) through their Research Vessel Surface Meteorology Data Center (RVSMDC []) collect, quality control check, and archive high-resolution marine surface data taken aboard ocean research vessels. The measurements are made with modern and calibrated instrument packages with sampling on the order of one-minute frequency. This is a long-term archive for these data. These data and near real-time extensions can be obtained directly from the RVSMDC. To support the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS [http://icoads.noaa.gov/]) a representative hourly archive is derived from the high-resolution data. These data are available here as archive files and conveniently through ICOADS user data selection interface [] as 'ICOADS Auxiliary Data Selection'.