This statistic displays the share of internet users who experienced or were victims of identity theft in Spain in 2019. Identity theft refers to somebody stealing your personal data and impersonating you to, for example, shop under your name, among other things. Six percent of respondents stated that they suffered from identity theft.

In 2022, around ********* complaints of identity theft were filed with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the United States. This is a decrease from the year previous, when ********* complaints of identity theft were filed.

The global market for identity theft protection services is projected to reach $12,220 million by 2033, driven by the rising incidence of identity theft and data breaches, increasing consumer awareness about the importance of protecting their personal information, and the proliferation of online transactions. The market is growing at a CAGR of 7.0% from 2025 to 2033. The consumer segment is expected to account for the largest share of the market throughout the forecast period due to the increasing adoption of identity theft protection services among individuals to protect their personal data from cybercriminals. Credit monitoring is projected to be the largest segment of the identity theft protection services market throughout the forecast period. The increasing number of credit card and identity theft cases has led to a surge in demand for credit monitoring services. ID monitoring is also expected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period due to the rising number of data breaches and the increasing availability of ID monitoring services. The other services segment includes social media monitoring, dark web monitoring, and child identity monitoring. Social media monitoring is gaining popularity among individuals to protect their privacy and reputation on social media platforms. Dark web monitoring is also gaining traction due to the increasing number of data breaches and the availability of personal data on the dark web. Child identity monitoring is a relatively new segment that is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period due to the increasing number of identity theft cases involving children.

Identity Resolution Market Outlook

The global identity resolution market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach a valuation of around USD 5.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 16.2% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2032. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by the increasing need for organizations to accurately identify and understand their customers, thereby enhancing marketing efficiency and reducing fraud.

One of the significant growth factors for the identity resolution market is the exponential increase in digital interactions. With the proliferation of digital channels such as social media, e-commerce platforms, and mobile applications, organizations face the challenge of integrating diverse data points to create a unified customer profile. Identity resolution technology enables businesses to overcome this challenge by linking disparate data sources, thereby providing a holistic view of the customer. This capability is particularly crucial in enhancing targeted marketing campaigns, improving customer engagement, and boosting overall business performance.

Another critical driver is the rising incidences of fraud and cyber threats. As digital transactions surge, the risk of identity theft and fraud also escalates. Businesses are increasingly adopting identity resolution solutions to detect and prevent fraudulent activities in real-time. These solutions employ advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze data patterns and identify anomalies. By doing so, businesses can protect themselves and their customers from potential fraud, thereby safeguarding their reputation and financial stability.

The push for regulatory compliance also fuels the demand for identity resolution solutions. Various regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), mandate organizations to manage and protect personal data effectively. Identity resolution tools help organizations comply with these regulations by ensuring data accuracy and consistency across different systems and applications. This not only mitigates the risk of non-compliance penalties but also enhances customer trust and loyalty.

Regionally, North America is expected to hold the largest market share in the identity resolution market during the forecast period. This dominance is attributed to the early adoption of advanced technologies, a high concentration of market players, and stringent data privacy regulations. Moreover, the growing focus on customer experience management and security concerns are driving the adoption of identity resolution solutions in the region. The Asia Pacific region is also anticipated to witness significant growth, driven by the rapid digital transformation, increasing internet penetration, and rising awareness about data privacy and security.

Component Analysis

The identity resolution market is segmented by component into software and services. The software segment encompasses various tools and platforms designed to integrate and reconcile different data points to form a unified customer identity. This segment is expected to hold a significant share of the market due to the increasing reliance on advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms to process large volumes of data. These software solutions are pivotal in ensuring data accuracy and consistency, thereby enabling businesses to derive actionable insights from their data.

Within the software segment, various types of solutions are available, including customer data platforms (CDPs), data management platforms (DMPs), and identity graph technologies. CDPs and DMPs are particularly popular due to their ability to aggregate data from multiple sources, allowing for real-time customer identity resolution. Identity graph technologies, on the other hand, focus on mapping relationships between different data points, thereby enhancing the accuracy of customer profiles. The continuous innovation in these software solutions is expected to drive the growth of the software segment.

The services segment includes consulting, implementation, and support services offered by various vendors to help organizations deploy and maintain identity resolution solutions. Consulting services are vital in assessing an organization's current data landscape and identifying the best strategies for implementing identity resolution technologies. Implementation services ensure the seamless integration of these solutions into existing systems, while support services provide ongoing m

Identity Protection Services Market Outlook

The global market for identity protection services is poised to reach a market size of $12.5 billion in 2023, and is forecasted to grow to $32.1 billion by 2032, driven by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8%. This growth is primarily fueled by the increasing incidences of identity theft and cybercrime, alongside growing consumer awareness and stringent regulatory requirements.

One critical growth factor of the identity protection services market is the escalating frequency of cyber threats and data breaches. Organizations and individuals are increasingly becoming targets of sophisticated cyber-attacks, causing substantial financial losses and reputational damage. Consequently, there is a rising demand for comprehensive identity protection solutions that can safeguard sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. This heightened need for cybersecurity measures is anticipated to significantly bolster the market growth in the coming years.

Another driving force is the increased adoption of digital services and online transactions, which has paved the way for new vulnerabilities and exploitation methods by cybercriminals. With the proliferation of e-commerce platforms, online banking, and digital healthcare services, the volume of sensitive personal data being exchanged over the internet has surged. This has led to a parallel rise in demand for identity protection services that can provide robust security against potential threats, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of digital transactions and personal information.

Furthermore, the implementation of stringent regulatory frameworks and compliance standards across various regions is catalyzing the growth of the identity protection services market. Governments and regulatory bodies around the world are enacting legislation that mandates organizations to adopt advanced security measures to protect consumer data. This regulatory pressure is compelling businesses to invest heavily in identity protection solutions, thereby driving market expansion. Additionally, growing consumer awareness about the potential risks of identity theft and the availability of protection services is contributing to market growth as individuals seek to safeguard their personal information.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the identity protection services market, driven by the high adoption rate of advanced cybersecurity solutions and a mature regulatory environment. The region's robust technological infrastructure and significant investments in R&D are further supporting market growth. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, attributable to increasing digital transformation initiatives, rising internet penetration, and growing awareness about cybersecurity threats in emerging economies such as India and China.

Service Type Analysis

Within the identity protection services market, the various service types play a crucial role in addressing different security needs. Credit monitoring services are among the most sought-after, given the increasing incidences of financial fraud and identity theft. Credit monitoring services provide real-time alerts and updates on any changes in an individual's credit report, helping to detect unauthorized activities promptly. The rising consumer awareness about credit safety and the need to maintain a healthy credit score are significant factors driving the growth of this segment.

Identity theft monitoring services offer another layer of security by tracking personal information across multiple channels, including the dark web, social media, and public records, to identify any potential threats. These services are becoming increasingly popular as cybercriminals employ more sophisticated methods to steal personal data. The rise in digital payment methods and online transactions has further increased the demand for identity theft monitoring solutions, as individuals and businesses seek comprehensive protection against potential breaches.

Identity restoration services are crucial for mitigating the consequences of identity theft. These services provide assistance in recovering stolen identities, rectifying credit reports, and managing the legal processes associated with identity theft claims. The growing complexity of identity theft schemes has made it more challenging for individuals to restore their identities independently, thereby driving the demand for professional identity restoration services. T

The Globalization of Personal Data (GPD) was an international, multi-disciplinary and collaborative research initiative drawing mainly on the social sciences but also including information, computing, technology studies, and law, that explored the implications of processing personal and population data in electronic format from 2004 to 2008. Such data included everything from census statistics to surveillance camera images, from biometric passports to supermarket loyalty cards. The project ma intained a strong concern for ethics, politics and policy development around personal data. The project, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) under its Initiative on the New Economy program, conducted research on why surveillance occurs, how it operates, and what this means for people's everyday lives (See http://www.sscqueens.org/projects/gpd). The unique aspect of the GPD included a major international survey on citizens' attitudes to issues of surveillance and privacy. The GPD project was conducted in nine countries: Canada, U.S.A., France, Spain, Hungary, Mexico, Brazil, China, and Japan. Three data files were produced: a Seven-Country file (Canada, U.S.A., France, Spain, Hungary, Mexico, and Brazil), a China file, and a Japan file. Country Report are available for download from QSpace (Queen's University Research and Learning Repository).

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Healthcare Fraud Detection Market Size 2025-2029

The healthcare fraud detection market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.09 billion at a CAGR of 11.8% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing number of patients seeking health insurance and the emergence of social media's influence on the healthcare industry. The rise in healthcare fraud cases, driven by the influx of insurance claims, necessitates robust fraud detection solutions. Social media's impact on healthcare extends to fraudulent activities, with fake claims and identity theft posing challenges. However, the deployment of healthcare fraud detection systems remains a time-consuming process, and the need for frequent upgrades to keep up with evolving fraud schemes adds complexity.
Additionally, collaborating with regulatory bodies and industry associations can help stay informed of the latest fraud trends and best practices. Overall, the market presents opportunities for innovation and growth, as the demand for effective solutions to combat fraudulent activities continues to rise. Companies must navigate these challenges by investing in advanced technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, to streamline deployment and enhance fraud detection capabilities.

What will be the Size of the Healthcare Fraud Detection Market during the forecast period?

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The market encompasses various solutions and services designed to mitigate fraudulent activities in Medicaid services and health insurance. Data analytics plays a pivotal role in this domain, with statistical methods and data science techniques used to identify fraudulent healthcare activities. Prescriptive analytics and machine learning algorithms enable the prediction of potential fraudulent claims and billing schemes. Medical services, including pharmacy billing fraud and prescription fraud, are prime targets for offenders. Identity theft and social media are also significant contributors to healthcare fraud costs. Payment integrity is crucial for insurers to minimize financial losses, making fraud detection a priority.

On-premise and cloud-based solutions offer analytics capabilities to combat fraud. Descriptive analytics provides insights into historical data, while predictive analytics and prescriptive analytics offer proactive fraud detection. Despite the advancements in fraud detection, data limitations pose challenges. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in fraud detection is increasing, providing more accurate and efficient solutions. Insurance claims review is a critical component of fraud detection, with fraudulent claims costing billions annually. Fraudsters continue to evolve their tactics, necessitating the need for advanced fraud detection solutions.

How is this Healthcare Fraud Detection Industry segmented?

The healthcare fraud detection industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Descriptive analytics
  Predictive analytics
  Prescriptive analytics


End-user

  Private insurance payers
  Third-party administrators (TPAs)
  Government agencies
  Hospitals and healthcare providers


Delivery Mode

  Cloud-based
  On-premises


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada
    Mexico


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The Descriptive analytics segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, Anomalies Detection and Healthcare Fraud Analytics play a pivotal role in safeguarding Financial Resources from Fraudulent Healthcare Activities. Descriptive analytics, a foundational type of analytics, forms the backbone of this industry. With its ability to aggregate and examine vast healthcare data, descriptive analytics identifies trends and operational performance insights. It is widely used in various departments, from Healthcare IT adoption to Urgent care, and supports Insurance Claims Review processes. Cloud-Based Solutions and On-Premises Solutions are two delivery models that cater to diverse organizational needs. Machine Learning and Statistical Methods are integral to advanced analytics, including Prescriptive analytics and Predictive analytics, which uncover intricate patterns and prevent Fraudulent Claims.

Social Media and Data Analytics offer valuable insights into potential Fraudulent Activities, while Real-Time Analytics ensure Payment Integrity in Healthca

A survey among Canadian adults from November to December 2022 found that 47 percent of respondents said they were extremely concerned about people using information available about them online to attempt to steal their identity.

The global identity theft protection service market is predicted to increase 5.8% to USD 9565.6 Million by 2026. In recent years, internet penetration and digitization have increased internet-based financial transactions.

Personal Identity Management Market size was valued at USD 19.7 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 58.4 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 12.4% during the forecast period 2024-2031.

Global Global Personal Identity Management Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Global Personal Identity Management Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Rising Rates of Fraud and Identity Theft: Identity theft incidents, data breaches, and cyberattacks have increased the demand for strong identity management systems to safeguard personal data.

Tight Regulating Guidelines: Globally, governments and regulatory agencies have enforced strict data privacy laws (such the California Civil Process Act, or CCPA in California) and require the implementation of personal identity management systems to guarantee adherence.

Expanding Use of Digital Services: The burgeoning use of digital services like as social networking, e-commerce, and online banking demands the adoption of secure identity management solutions in order to protect user identities and authenticate customers.

Technological Developments: The capabilities of personal identity management solutions are being improved by technological developments like blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). This makes these solutions more dependable and efficient.

Rise in the Use of Mobile Devices: Due to the increasing demand for secure mobile authentication and access control, mobile-based identity management solutions have become more and more popular as smartphones and other mobile devices become more widely used.

Growing Need for Solutions Based in the Cloud: Growth in the market is being driven by the move to cloud computing and the uptake of cloud-based identity management solutions, which provide scalability, flexibility, and affordability.

Better User Experience Is Needed: The need for advanced identity management solutions that can provide ease and security is being driven by organizations' growing emphasis on delivering a seamless and secure user experience.

Increasing Knowledge of Identity and Access Management's (IAM) Advantages: The market is expanding as a result of growing awareness of the advantages of IAM solutions, which include better security, a lower chance of identity theft, and increased regulatory compliance.

The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is growing: To manage and secure the identities of multiple networked devices and systems, the growing IoT ecosystem needs strong identity management solutions.

Concerns about Corporate Security: To guard against cyber threats and unauthorized access to their digital assets, intellectual property, and consumer data, businesses are investing more and more in personal identity management systems.

BYOD (bring your own device) trend's emergence: Advanced identity management solutions are required to ensure secure access to corporate networks and resources from personal devices in light of the growing BYOD trend in the workplace.

The size of the Social Media Security market was valued at USD 1.28 USD Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.18 USD Billion by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period. Social Media Security is a discipline for protecting an individual and or/ firm’s identity, profiles, and messages among other things on the social media platform. It includes several types, among which account security is defined as the use of secure passwords and two-factor authentication, and data privacy that defines the method of regulating and protecting personal data from illegitimate access or use. Some of these features are; encryption that contacts and messages and interactions are protected, and privacy which allows the user to dictate who can see them. Uses of social media security help reduce identity theft cases, cyberbullying, and unauthorized access to individual or organizational data that should be restricted. Key drivers for this market are: Burgeoning Demand for Big Data Analytics among Organizations to Aid Market Growth. Potential restraints include: Lack of Awareness about Cyber Security and Vulnerability to Hinder Growth.

Identity Resolution Tools Market Outlook

The global Identity Resolution Tools market size is projected to grow from USD 1.5 billion in 2023 to USD 4.3 billion by 2032, reflecting an impressive CAGR of 12.3% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by the increasing need for organizations to effectively manage customer data and reduce fraud. The market's rapid expansion is also fueled by advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, which have significantly enhanced the capabilities of identity resolution tools.

One of the primary growth factors for the identity resolution tools market is the rising importance of personalized customer experiences. Businesses across various sectors are increasingly investing in tools that can accurately identify and understand their customers to deliver personalized services and improve customer satisfaction. Identity resolution tools enable organizations to unify fragmented customer data from multiple touchpoints, providing a comprehensive view of the customer journey. This capability is critical for enhancing marketing strategies, boosting customer loyalty, and ultimately driving revenue growth.

Additionally, the growing threat of cyber fraud and identity theft is a significant driver of market growth. With the rise of digital transactions and online interactions, the risk of fraudulent activities has escalated. Identity resolution tools help organizations detect and prevent fraud by accurately verifying identities and monitoring suspicious activities in real-time. As regulatory requirements around data security and privacy become more stringent, businesses are compelled to adopt robust identity resolution solutions to comply with standards and avoid hefty penalties.

The proliferation of data across various channels and platforms is another key factor contributing to the market's expansion. Modern businesses generate and collect vast amounts of data from multiple sources, including social media, websites, mobile apps, and more. Managing and making sense of this data is a complex challenge. Identity resolution tools address this challenge by consolidating disparate data into a single, coherent profile, enabling businesses to gain actionable insights and make informed decisions. The growing adoption of big data analytics further amplifies the need for effective identity resolution capabilities.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share of the identity resolution tools market, driven by the presence of major technology companies and high adoption rates of advanced data management solutions. The region's strong focus on cybersecurity and data privacy regulations also supports market growth. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by rapid digital transformation, increasing internet penetration, and a burgeoning e-commerce sector. Countries like China and India are at the forefront of this growth, with businesses in these regions increasingly adopting identity resolution tools to enhance customer engagement and combat fraud.

Component Analysis

In the identity resolution tools market, the component segment is divided into software and services. The software segment dominates the market, driven by the increasing demand for advanced identity resolution solutions that can integrate seamlessly into existing IT infrastructures. These software solutions offer a range of functionalities, including data integration, machine learning algorithms for identity matching, and real-time analytics. As businesses strive to leverage big data for strategic decision-making, the need for robust software tools that can handle vast amounts of data efficiently is paramount.

The services segment, on the other hand, is also experiencing significant growth. This segment includes consulting, implementation, and support services that help organizations deploy and maintain their identity resolution tools effectively. With the complexities involved in data management and the need for customized solutions, many businesses are turning to service providers for expert guidance. These services ensure that the identity resolution tools are optimally configured and integrated with other enterprise systems, thereby maximizing their effectiveness and ROI.

Furthermore, the increasing trend of outsourcing IT services is contributing to the growth of the services segment. Businesses are looking for specialized expertise to manage their identity resolution processes, which can be resource-intensive and require continu

This statistic illustrates the number of digital identity fraud offenses in the Netherlands from 2012 to 2019 (per 100 capita). In 2019, roughly 0.6 out of 100 Dutch inhabitants was a victim of online identity fraud. Identity fraud is defined as: "Using someone's personal information for financial gain without permission. For example, to withdraw or transfer money, take out a loan or to request official documents."

Identity Theft Protection and Monitoring Services Market Outlook

The global market size for Identity Theft Protection and Monitoring Services was valued at approximately $10 billion in 2023 and is expected to surge to around $25 billion by 2032, demonstrating a robust CAGR of 10.5% over the forecast period. A driving factor for this growth is the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyber-attacks, which have made personal and corporate data more vulnerable than ever.

One of the primary growth factors in this market is the escalating number of cyber threats and data breaches worldwide. The rise of digital platforms has led to an increase in the volume of sensitive data being shared and stored online, making individuals and organizations prime targets for identity theft. High-profile data breaches have made headlines in recent years, and the fear of becoming a victim has spurred both individuals and enterprises to seek robust identity protection solutions. Enhanced cybersecurity awareness and the implementation of stringent data protection regulations globally are also fueling the demand for identity theft protection services.

Another crucial driver for the market is the advancement in technology, which not only facilitates the functioning of identity theft protection services but also necessitates their existence. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are being integrated into identity theft protection services to enhance real-time monitoring and provide more sophisticated threat detection mechanisms. These advancements make identity theft protection and monitoring services more efficient and reliable, thereby increasing their adoption among consumers and enterprises alike. The growing use of mobile devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) further accentuates the need for robust identity protection solutions, as these technologies exponentially increase the potential entry points for cybercriminals.

The increasing consumer awareness regarding the importance of protecting personal information is another growth factor. Educational initiatives and marketing efforts by service providers have heightened awareness about the risks associated with identity theft and the benefits of using protection and monitoring services. With more people becoming aware of these risks, there has been a notable uptick in the uptake of identity theft protection services. Additionally, attractive subscription plans and bundled services are making these solutions more accessible to a broader audience, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and individual consumers.

Regionally, North America dominates the identity theft protection and monitoring services market, accounting for the largest share in 2023. Factors such as high internet penetration, a large number of internet users, and stringent data protection regulations contribute to this dominance. Europe follows closely, with steady growth anticipated owing to the implementation of stringent data privacy laws such as the GDPR. The Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by rapid digitalization, increasing internet penetration, and rising awareness about cybersecurity threats. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing gradual growth due to increasing digital adoption and enhanced focus on cybersecurity.

Service Type Analysis

The identity theft protection and monitoring services market can be segmented by service type into credit monitoring, identity theft insurance, identity recovery, and others. Credit monitoring services play a pivotal role in detecting potential identity theft activities by continuously monitoring an individual's credit reports from various credit bureaus. Given the rising incidences of unauthorized credit card usage and personal loan frauds, credit monitoring has become one of the most sought-after services in the market. Companies offering these services often provide real-time alerts and detailed reports, empowering consumers to take swift action in case of any suspicious activities, thus preventing significant financial loss.

Identity theft insurance is another critical segment in this market. This service provides financial reimbursement to individuals who suffer monetary losses due to identity theft. The growing complexity and cost associated with recovering from identity theft incidents have made identity theft insurance increasingly popular. Policies typically cover various expenses, including legal fees, lost wages, and other recovery costs, offering a comprehensive safety net for

To identify vulnerabilities in self-regulatory practices, we focused on what we expected to be five social media platforms with a major role in sharenting practices, which were selected considering their demographic distribution among the population, and following a discussion with our non-academic project partners: Facebook; TikTok; Instagram; You Tube; Twitter. Textual data was retrieved from each of these platforms’ relevant self-regulatory documents (mostly terms and conditions, and community standards, even if some additional documents targeting, for instance, specifically parents were identified and considered for the analysis). This data is publicly available online and, after an initial screening, all sections of the documents that could (broadly) be relevant to sharenting, digital harms and crimes, moderation practices, minors and their parents/guardians were selected for the analysis and collated in the file here avilable.

Especially over the past 15 years, the creation of new "online identities" (the social identity that we acquire in cyberspace) and the expansion of the usability of our "digital identity" (the digital storage of our attributed, biographical or even biological identities) have entailed, alongside many advantages, also new and emerging risks and crime vulnerabilities, as identity information can be misused in many ways and create severe harms. Existing research in this context has so far focused on the illegal access to personal information (e.g. through hacking or social engineering techniques) but has overlooked the risky behaviours of individuals willingly sharing identifying (and potentially sensitive) information online. In this context, an area of particular interest that has been particularly overlooked is the one connected to the sharing of identifying and sensitive information of minors, who are often overexposed online in good-faith by parents and guardians in so called "sharenting" practices. Beyond risks due to negative psychological repercussions in ignoring children's desire to having (or not) an online identity, there are concerns regarding the potential for grooming and child abuse, and the potential for identity crimes (such as identity fraud and identity theft), especially keeping in mind that today's children, in a few years, will be those employing digital identities in many aspects of their lives, and will need a clean and curated digital identity to be fully part of many aspects of our society.

The proposed project combines traditional and innovative cross-disciplinary approaches to further this emerging line of inquiry. The project does so by offering a better understanding of sharenting practices, their motivations, and the risks associated with them. It provides a better understanding of the existing technical and regulatory loopholes and gaps enabling potentially harmful sharenting practices. It also develops a better understanding of the perception of the problem by parents and guardians (our "target population"). The project can therefore enable better targeted awareness-raising activities; an improvement of the tools we currently have to study, prevent and mitigate the negative impacts of sharenting practices.

The result of this research will be of significant importance for social media users (and specifically for those in our target population) by raising awareness and promoting sustained behavioural change to minimise cyber risks. The results will also be of relevance for the work of law enforcement in better addressing crimes potentially facilitated by certain sharenting practices such as grooming and identity crimes.

More in general, the proposed approach will improve our understanding of criminogenic opportunities available in social media, supporting new avenues of investigation. By integrating insights and expertise from criminology and computer sciences, the proposed project also has important implications for demonstrating interdisciplinary methodological developments and promoting best practice for ethical online research.

The research project is structured around seven cumulative work-packages to allow the research team to build a solid body of original data (currently not available to researchers) but also to promote engagement and effective communication with a non-academic audience (primarily, law enforcement, and parents and guardians). Throughout the project, we will be supported by our Project Partners (UK Safer Internet Centre; Kidscape; Arma dei Carabinieri); together with Dame Prof. Wendy Hall and other stakeholders, the Project Partners will be also part of our Advisory Board.

In 2022, the most commonly targeted age group by fraudsters was people ages 30 to 39, among whom ******* cases of fraud were reported to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the United States. People aged 60 to 69 were the second most commonly targeted group, with ******* reports of fraud in the same year.

This survey charted the gambling, social media usage and subjective well-being of young people aged 15-25 years in Finland. The study was conducted as part of the "Problem Gambling and Social Media: Social Psychological Study on Youth Behavior in Online Gaming Communities" research project. The aim of the project was to analyse how young social media users evaluate, adopt and share gambling-related online content and how online group processes affect their gambling and gambling-related attitudes. FSD's holdings also include two other datasets that were collected using a nearly identical questionnaire (FSD3400 and FSD3591). Data for the research project have been collected in Finland, the United States, Spain, and South Korea. First, the respondents were asked which social media services they used (e.g. Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, discussion forums, online casinos) and how often. Topics that the respondents discussed on gambling-related social media were charted more closely, and they were asked, for example, whether the discussion usually related to instructions or tips on gambling or to problem gambling and recovering from problem gambling. Some questions on the respondents' social media activity were also presented, for instance, how often they saw gambling-related advertising online, how often they changed their most important social media passwords, and how often they uploaded pictures of themselves on social media. The respondents were asked whether they had ever been harassed online or had been the victim of a crime on the Internet in the past three years (e.g. defamation, identity theft, fraud, sexual harassment). The respondents' identity bubbles on social media were surveyed by using the IBR scale (Identity Bubble Reinforcement Scale). The respondents were asked, for instance, whether they thought they could be themselves on social media and whether they only interacted with people similar to them on social media. Additionally, the CIUS scale (Compulsive Internet Use) was used to examine problems related to Internet use. Questions focused on, for example, whether the respondents found it difficult to stop using the Internet when they were online, whether people close to them said they should use the Internet less, and whether they felt restless, frustrated or irritated when they couldn't use the Internet. In the next section of the questionnaire, the respondents were randomly assigned to two groups for a vignette experiment. Respondents in the test group were told they belong to Group C because they had answered the earlier questions in a similar manner to others in the group. Those in the control group were given no information on the group. The respondents were presented with different gambling-related social media scenarios, and they were asked to evaluate the contents of the gambling-related messages by "liking" or "disliking" the message or by not reacting to it at all. Each respondent was shown four different gambling messages with different contents. Three factors were manipulated in the scenarios (2x2x2 design): expressed stance of the message on gambling (positive or negative), narrative perspective of the message (experience-driven first-person narration or fact-driven third-person narration) and majority opinion of other respondents on the message (positively or negatively biased distribution of likes or dislikes). For Group C, the majority opinion was seemingly provided by other Group C members, whereas for the control group the majority opinion was seemingly provided by other respondents. Additionally, the respondents' attitudes towards the message were surveyed with statements regarding, for instance, how likely they would find the message interesting or share it on social media. Next, the respondents' attitudes towards gambling were charted by using the ATGS scale (Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale). They were asked, for example, whether people should have the right to gamble whenever they want, whether most people who gamble do so sensibly and whether it would be better if gambling was banned altogether. The respondents' gambling habits were examined by using the SOGS scale (South Oaks Gambling Screen), and they were asked, for instance, which types of gambling they had done in the past 12 months (played slot machines, visited an online casino, bet on lotteries etc.), whether the people close to them had gambling problems, and whether they had borrowed money to gamble or to pay gambling debts. In addition, the respondents' alcohol consumption was surveyed with a few questions from the AUDITC scale (The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and they were asked whether they had used various drugs for recreational purposes (e.g. cannabis, LSD, amphetamine, opioids). The respondents' subjective well-being and social relationships were examined next. The respondents were asked how happy they were in general and how satisfied they were with their financial circumstances and life in general. They were also asked how well the single statement "I have high self-esteem" from the SISE scale (Single-item Self-esteem Scale) described them. The three statements on lacking companionship, feeling left out and feeling isolated from the LONE scale (Three-item Loneliness Scale) were also included in the survey. Feelings of belonging to different groups or communities (e.g. family, friends, neighbourhood, parish/religious community) were charted, and the 12-item GHQ scale (General Health Questionnaire) was used to survey the respondents' recent mental health. Questions included, for example, whether the respondents had been able to concentrate on what they were doing, had felt they couldn't overcome their difficulties, and had been losing confidence in themselves. Finally, the respondents' sense of control over the events in their lives was examined with the MASTERY scale (Sense of Mastery Scale), with questions focusing on, for instance, whether they thought they had little control over the things that happen to them and whether they often felt helpless in dealing with the problems of life. The respondents' impulsivity was surveyed by using the EIS scale (Eysenck Impulsivity Scale) and their willingness to delay gratification was surveyed with the GRATIF scale (Delay of Gratification). Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, country of birth (own and parents') level of education, type of municipality of residence, number of inhabitants in municipality of residence, household composition, disposable income, possible financial problems, and economic activity and occupational status.

The datasert contains year- and state-wise historiclally compiled data on the number of cyber crimes committed in violation of Indian Penal Code (IPC). The different types of cyber crimes covered in the dataset include Abetment of Suicide - Online, Cyber Stalking or Bullying of Women or Children, Data theft, Cheating, Forgery, Defamation or Morphing (IPC r/w Indecent Representation of Women Act), Fake Profile (IPC r/w SLL), Counterfeiting, Cyber Blackmailing or Threatening, Fake News on Social Media, Other Offences (r/w IT Act), Fabrication of False Evidence/Destruction of Electronic Records for, Evidence, Offences By or Against Public Servant, False Electronic Evidence, Destruction of Electronic Evidence, Crimes of Property or Mark such as Counterfeiting, Tampering, Currency or Stamps, Crimes of Fraud such as Crimes related to Credit or Debit Card, Any Time Machines (ATMs), Online Banking Fraud, OTP Frauds, Crimes of Criminal Breach of Trust or Fraud such as crimes of Credit or Debit card, Crimes of Counterfeiting of Currecy, Stamps and Tampering, etc.

With the increased appropriation of internet and access to it as a right in global jurisdictions and the recent addition of internet as an essential instrument for expression u/A 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India, flow of digital data has found greater volume and strength; with this, the marketplace of data has swollen. As a business activity of B-to-B model, this phenomena of trade in personal information retrieved from the consumers of services, is termed as ‘Data Brokerage’. Personal data in the nature of health statistics, internet habits, financial information etc. is compiled, categorized, analysed and sold to organizations that use it to predict customer behaviours for running targeted advertisements; or is published in public domain. The instant paper is an inquiry into the data brokerage industry which tends to work on the fringes of established law due to its unregulated nature and lack of legal procedures to supervise the entities conducting such businesses. It is advanced that the theory of ‘Marketplace of Ideas’ indiscriminately accepts the relevance of information based on its demand and popular acceptability; and this self-regulated marketplace hosts severalty of legal and privacy concerns. The dimension of ‘duty of care’ as to handling of such personal data and threats to its misuse in the likes of cybercrimes like cyber frauds, identity theft and breach of privacy, will be explored.

Context

BankSim is an agent-based simulator of bank payments based on a sample of aggregated transactional data provided by a bank in Spain. The main purpose of BankSim is the generation of synthetic data that can be used for fraud detection research. Statistical and a Social Network Analysis (SNA) of relations between merchants and customers were used to develop and calibrate the model. Our ultimate goal is for BankSim to be usable to model relevant scenarios that combine normal payments and injected known fraud signatures. The data sets generated by BankSim contain no personal information or disclosure of legal and private customer transactions. Therefore, it can be shared by academia, and others, to develop and reason about fraud detection methods. Synthetic data has the added benefit of being easier to acquire, faster and at less cost, for experimentation even for those that have access to their own data. We argue that BankSim generates data that usefully approximates the relevant aspects of the real data.

Content

We ran BankSim for 180 steps (approx. six months), several times and calibrated the parameters in order to obtain a distribution that get close enough to be reliable for testing. We collected several log files and selected the most accurate. We injected thieves that aim to steal an average of three cards per step and perform about two fraudulent transactions per day. We produced 594643 records in total. Where 587443 are normal payments and 7200 fraudulent transactions. Since this is a randomised simulation the values are of course not identical to original data.

Acknowledgements

This research was conducted during my PhD studies in Sweden at Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH ww.bth.se). More about it: http://edgarlopez.net

Original paper

Please refer to this dataset using the following citations:

Lopez-Rojas, Edgar Alonso ; Axelsson, Stefan Banksim: A bank payments simulator for fraud detection research Inproceedings 26th European Modeling and Simulation Symposium, EMSS 2014, Bordeaux, France, pp. 144–152, Dime University of Genoa, 2014, ISBN: 9788897999324. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265736405_BankSim_A_Bank_Payment_Simulation_for_Fraud_Detection_Research