The estimated population of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. stands at around ** million people. Although the number has stabilized, the United States has seen a spike in migrant encounters in the last few years, with over * million cases registered by the U.S. Border Patrol in 2023. This is a slight decrease from the previous year, when there were over *** million cases registered. Due to its proximity and shared border, Mexico remains the leading country of origin for most undocumented immigrants in the U.S., with California and Texas being home to the majority.

Immigration and political division

Despite the majority of the population having immigrant roots, the topic of immigration in the U.S. remains one of the country’s longest-standing political debates. Support among Republicans for restrictive immigration has grown alongside Democratic support for open immigration. This growing divide has deepened the polarization between the two major political parties, stifling constructive dialogue and impeding meaningful reform efforts and as a result, has led to dissatisfaction from all sides. In addition to general immigration policy, feelings toward illegal immigration in the U.S. also vary widely. For some, it's seen as a significant threat to national security, cultural identity, and economic stability. This perspective often aligns with support for stringent measures like Trump's proposed border wall and increased enforcement efforts. On the other hand, there are those who are more sympathetic toward undocumented immigrants, as demonstrated by support for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program.

In 2024, there were approximately 239,159 illegal border crossings made at borders of the European Union, with Syrian's being the most common nationality, at 44,237.

In 2022, 696 illegal immigrants used the Albanian-Greek circular route to reach the European Union, compared with over 40,000 thirteen years earlier in 2009.

In 2022, ********* aliens were apprehended by the Customs and Border Protection agency in the United States, while ******* were apprehended by ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations.

In 2023 there were over 350,000 illegal border crossing detecting on the borders of the European Union, the most crossings recorded since 2017 when there were over 204,000. Illegal border crossings peaked in 2015 at the height of the European migrant crisis, when over 1.8 million illegal border crossing were detected.

The provision is for erection of barbed wire fencing, construction of roads, construction of Observation Post Tower (O.P. Tower), installation of flood lighting, induction of Hi-tech Surveillance on Indo-Bangladesh and Indo-Pak borders, for various such construction activities at India's international borders with its neighbouring countries, for setting up of mobile check posts in coastal areas of the country for better surveillance to have a check on illegal activities. The provision also includes construction of Border Out Posts.

In April 2022, the number of illegal border crossings by Moroccan migrants on the West African route to Spain amounted to 311. This migration route connects West Africa with the Canary Islands in Spain. In the period under review, the number of illegal border crossings of Moroccan nationals peaked at around 5,200 in November 2020.

In 2022 the Western Balkans route accounted for almost 43 percent of all illegal border-crossings in the European Union, with the next most common route being the Central Mediterranean.

In 2024, the net migration rate in France reached 152,000. In recent years Europe and France have seen more people arrive than depart. The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year. France's highest net migration rate was reached in 2018 when it amounted to 201,000. Armed conflicts and economic migration are some of the reasons for immigration in Europe. The refugee crisis Studies have shown that there were 331,000 immigrant arrivals in France in 2022, which has risen since 2014. The migrant crisis, which began in 2015 in Europe, had an impact on the migration entry flows not only in France but in all European countries. The number of illegal border crossings to the EU over the Eastern Mediterranean route reached a record number of 885,386 crossings in 2015. Immigration in France Since the middle of the 19th century, France has attracted immigrants, first from European countries (like Poland, Spain, and Italy), and then from the former French colonies. In 2023, there were approximately 8.9 million people foreign-born in France. Most of them were living in the Ile-de-France region, which contains Paris, and in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur in the Southeastern part of the country. In 2022, the majority of immigrants arriving in France were from Africa and Europe.

The United States of America was the largest source of foreign tourists arriving to India in 2022 at over 1,373 thousand visitors. American tourists have been outnumbering the tourists that visit the country from other European and South Asian countries in 2022. In 2022, citizens from Bangladesh, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom had the highest number of tourists visiting India. Sliding foreign revenue   According to the data, most Bangladeshi tourists visited India for leisure travel. Moreover, leisure spending was also the highest contributor to the foreign tourism revenue for India. However, the growth in foreign exchange earnings was the slowest this decade, with just over 4.7 percent in 2018. Borders dictating tourism
Bangladesh and India share the fifth-longest land border in the world. This might also explain the high tourism influx from Bangladesh to India. Although from the point of view of the Indian government, there seems to be a thin line between tourism and illegal immigration. Managing the complex Indo-Bangladeshi border running through five Indian states is a herculean task, which needs constant monitoring. Risks of cross-border infiltration, illegal migration and smuggling remain major national security challenges for India.