Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Quarterly: average based on 3 monthly data points

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Twice a year: February and August

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Abstract

This is the fourth Labor Force Survey of Tonga. The first one was conducted in 1990. Earlier surveys were conducted in 1990, 1993/94, and 2003 and the results of those surveys were published by the Statistics Department.

The objective of the LFS survey is providing information on not only well-known employment and unemployment as well as providing comprehensive information on other standard indicators characterizing the country labour market. It covers those age 10 and over in the whole Kingdom. Information includes age, sex, activity, current and usual employment status, hours worked and wages and in addition included a seperate Food Insecurity Experiences Survey (FIES) questionniare module at the Household Level.

The conceptual framework used in this labour force survey in Tonga aligns closely with the standards and guidelines set out in Resolutions of International Conferences of Labour Statistician.

Geographic coverage

National coverage.

There are six statistical regions known as Division's in Tonga namely Tongatapu urban area, Tongatapu rural area, Vava'u, Ha'pai, Eua and the Niuas.Tongatapu Urban refers to the capital Nuku'alofa is the urban area while the other five divisions are rural areas. Each Division is subdivided into political districts, each district into villages and each village into census enumeration areas known as Census Blocks. The sample for the 2018 Labour Force Survey (LFS) was designed to cover at least 2500 employed population aged 10 years and over from all the regions. This was made mainly to have sufficient cases to provide information on the employed population.

Analysis unit

• Households (for food insecurity module questionnaire)
• Individuals.

Universe

Population living in private households in Tonga. The labour force questionnaire is directed to the population aged 10 and above. Disability short set of questions is directed to all individuals age 2 and above and the food insecurity experience scale is directed to the head of household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

2018 Tonga Labour force survey aimed at estimating all the main ILO indicators at the island group level (geographical stratas). The sampling strategy is based on a two stages stratified random survey.

1. Computation of the survey parameters: Total sample size per strata, number of households to interview in each Primary Sampling Unit (PSU = census block) and number of PSUs to select The stratification of the survey is the geographical breakdown by island group (6 stratas Tongatapu urban, Tongatapu rural, Vava'u, Ha'apai, 'Eua, Niuas)
2. The selection strategy is a 2 stages random survey where: Random selection of census blocks within each
3. Census blocks are randomly selected in first place, using probability proportional to size

4. 15 households per block are randomly selected using uniform probability

5. The sampling frame used to select PSUs (census blocks) and household is the 2016 Tonga population census.

The computation of sample size required the use of: - Tonga 2015 HIES dataset (labour force section) - Tonga 2016 population census (distribution of households across the stratas) The resource variable used to compute the sample size is the labour force participation rate from the 2015 HIES. The use of the 2015 labour force section of the Tonga HIES allows the computation of the design effect of the labour force participation rate within each strata. The design effect and sampling errors of the labour force participation rate estimated from the 2015 HIES in combination with the 2016 household population distribution allow to predict the minimum sample size required (per strata) to get a robust estimate from the 2018 LFS.

Total sample size: 2685 households Geographical stratification: 6 island groups Selection process: 2 stages random survey where census blocks are selected using Probability Proportional to Size (Primary Sampling Unit) in the first place and households are randomly selected within each selected blocks (15 households per block) Non response: a 10% increase of the sample happened in all stratas to account for non-response Sampling frame: the household listing from the 2016 population census was used as a sampling frame and the 2015 labour force section of the HIES was used to compute the sample size (using labour force participation rate.

Sampling deviation

No major deviation from the original sample has taken place.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The 2018 Tonga Labour Force Survey questionnaire included 15 sections:

IDENTIFICATION SECTION B: INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS SECTION C: EDUCATION (AGE 3+) SECTIONS B & C: EMPLOYMENT IDENTIFICATION AND TEMPORARY ABSENCE (AGE 10+) SECTION D: AGRICULTURE WORK AND MARKET DESTINATION SECTION E1: MAIN EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS SECTION E2: SECOND PAID JOB/ BUSINESS ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS SECTION F: INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT SECTION G: WORKING TIME SECTION H: JOB SEARCH SECTION I: PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE SECTION J: MAIN ACTIVITY SECTION K: OWN USE PRODUCTION WORK FOOD INSECURITY EXPERIENCES GPS + PHOTO

The questionniares were developed and administered in English and were translated into Tongan language. The questionnaire is provided as external resources.

The draft questionnaire was pre-tested during the supervisors training and during the enumerators training and it was finally tested during the pilot test. The pilot testing was undertaken on the 27th of May to the 1st of June 2018 in Tongatapu Urban and Rural areas. The questionnaire was revised rigorously in accordance to the feedback received from each test. At the same time, a field operations manual for supervisors and enumerators was prepared and modified accordingly for field operators to use as a reference during the field work.

Cleaning operations

The World Bank Survey Solutions software was used for Data Processing, STATA software was used for data cleaning, tabulation tabulation and analysis.

Editing and tabulation of the data will be undertaken in February/March 2019 in collaboration with SPC and ILO.

Response rate

A total, 2,685 households were selected for the sample. Of these existing households, 2,584 were successfully interviewed, giving a household response rate of 96.2%.

Response rates were higher in urban areas than in the rural area of Tongatapu.

-1 Tongatapu urban: 97.30%
-2 Tongatapu rural: 93.00%
-3 Vava'u: 100.00% -4 Ha'pai: 100.00% -5 Eua: 95.20% -6 Niuas: 80.00% -Total: 96.20%.

Sampling error estimates

Sampling errors were computed and are presented in the final report.

The sampling error were computed using the survey set package in Stata. The Finite Population Correction was included in the sample design (optional in svy set Stata command) as follow: - Fpc 1: total number of census blocks within the strata (variable toteas) - Fpc 2: Here is a list of some LF indicators presented with sampling error

-RSE: Labour force population: 2.2% Employment - population in employment: 2.2% Labour force participation rate (%): 1.7% Unemployment rate (%): 13.5% Composite rate of labour underutilization (%): 7.3% Youth unemployment rate (%): 18.2% Informal employment rate (%): 2.7% Average monthly wages - employees (TOP): 12%.

-95% Interval: Labour force population: 28,203 => 30,804 Employment - population in employment: 27,341 => 29,855 Labour force participation rate (%): 45.2% => 48.2% Unemployment rate (%): 2.2% => 3.9% Composite rate of labour underutilization (%): 16% => 21.4% Youth unemployment rate (%): 5.7% => 12.1% Informal employment rate (%): 44.3% => 49.4% Average monthly wages - employees (TOP): 1,174 => 1,904.

Abstract

Being the first labor force survey in the country since 1984, and the first since the end of the conflict, the 2014 Labor Force Survey (LFS) contributed to the construction of reliable employment statistics in Sierra Leone. Previously, the main source of information on the labor market was the 2004 and 2011 Sierra Leone Integrated Household Surveys, which contained limited information on the labor force. To help fill this important knowledge gap, Statistics Sierra Leone (SSL), with the support of the World Bank, the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), designed and implemented the 2014 Sierra Leone Labor Force Survey. The survey data was collected between July and August 2014 and constitute a nationally representative sample. The 2014 LFS contains a wealth of information on labor market activities, including detailed data on household enterprises and agricultural activities.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The LFS is a nationally representative survey, relying on a stratified cluster sample with oversampling in urban areas. It covered 280 enumeration areas (EAs) or clusters, with 15 households selected in each for a total of 4,200 households. SSL conducted the sampling using the 2004 Population and Housing Census as the sampling frame.

In the Sierra Leone Population and Housing Census (SLPHC 2004), the labor underutilization rate was estimated at 27.5%, which at the time was considered one of the most important indicators to be produced from a labor force survey in an economy such as that in Sierra Leone.

The target number of households in the sample, i.e. the sample size, was thus estimated at 4,200, based on the computed value of 4296 rounded down to 4200 for ease of use and due to budget constraints.

However, due to the Ebola outbreak, which began in the final stages of data collection, four selected EAs were quarantined in Kailahun district, Eastern region, immediately prior to the data collection. These EAs were replaced with new EAs randomly selected following the same methodology used to select the original EAs. In addition, one additional cluster was quarantined in Bombali, Northern region (EA 210706081), and it was not possible to replace this cluster using the same randomization methodology as this occurred during the data collection. As a result, this cluster was excluded in conducting the data analysis.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The survey instrument is divided into two parts, Part I - Labor Force Survey, and Part II - Non-Farm Enterprises and Farming Activities, as follows:

Part I SECTION A. Household listing and demographic information SECTION B. Education, training, and migration SECTION C. Current economic activity – screening form SECTION D. Unemployment or inactivity SECTION E. Current main economic activity SECTION F. Current secondary economic activity SECTION G. Usual economic activity SECTION H. Industrial relations and occupational injuries SECTION I. Time-related underemployment and inadequate employment situations SECTION J. Other activities and time use

Part II SECTION K. Family/household non-farm enterprises SECTION L. Farming activities

Part I was administered to all LFS eligible individuals, with the exception of Section J, covering other activities and time use, which applied to those ages five and above. Part II of the questionnaire was applied to the head of household only.

Response rate

Non-response rate was 1.5 percent, which is low, in particular in view of the difficulties encountered by the field teams caused by the early cases of the Ebola virus.

In order to enable international comparisons, particularly within the European Union, Eurostat has set up the Labour Force Survey (LFS). By combining a set of issues, it makes it possible to measure aggregates such as labour force, employment and unemployment in the same way in all countries and in accordance with the recommendations of the International Labour Office (ILO). This survey has been ongoing in Belgium since 1999 (before, only in spring).However, it provides reliable data only at regional level (Wallonia, Flanders, Brussels).

Therefore, in order to be able to compare Belgian districts and municipalities with other areas at international level, the IWEPS calculates data calibrated on the Labour Force Survey. The totals, by sex, age and region, correspond exactly to those published by Statbel, the Belgian statistical office. These data may differ slightly from the data published by Eurostat, which reviews the whole series each year [...]. This indicator can therefore be compared with the 20-64-year-old employment rate from the Labour Force Survey, which is the reference rate used in the Regional Policy Statement (RPD). The indicator refers to the working-age population (20-64) the number of people who actually have a job (working population). It gives an idea of the actual participation in employment of a population that could potentially work.

See also:

— on our website “\2”

— on Statbel’s website, the Labour Force Survey ‘\2’.

In order to allow international comparisons, in particular within the European Union, Eurostat has set up the Labour Force Survey (LFS). By combining a set of questions, it makes it possible to measure aggregates such as labour force, employment and unemployment in the same way in all countries and in accordance with the recommendations of the International Labour Office (ILO). This survey has been carried out continuously in Belgium since 1999 (before, only in spring). However, it only provides reliable data at regional level (Wallonia, Flanders, Brussels). Therefore, in order to be able to compare Belgian districts and municipalities with other areas at international level, IWEPS calculates calibrated data from the Labour Force Survey. The totals, by sex, age and region, correspond exactly to those published by Statbel, the Belgian statistical office. These data may differ slightly from the data published by Eurostat, which reviews the whole series each year [...]. This indicator can therefore be compared with the employment rate of 20-64 year-olds from the Labour Force Survey, which is the reference rate used in the Regional Policy Statement (RPD). The indicator relates to the working-age population (20-64) the number of people actually in employment (employed labour force). It gives an idea of the effective participation in employment of a population that could potentially work. Estimation based on LFS, FPS Economy, ONSS, ONSSAPL, INASTI, INAMI, ONEm-Stat92, BCSS, ESE 2001, IGSS and data from Steunpunt Werk up to 2018 followed by IWEPS estimates from 2019, and FOREM, VDAB data for last year’s flash estimate. See also: - on our website "\2" - on the Statbel site, the Labour Force Survey "\2".

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Yearly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

The labour force participation rate is the percentage of economically active population aged 15-64 on the total population of the same age. According to the definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for the purposes of the labour market statistics people are classified as employed, unemployed and outside the labour force. The economically active population (also called labour force) is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Persons outside the labour force are those who, during the reference week, were neither employed nor unemployed. The MIP Scoreboard indicator is the three-year change in percentage points, with an indicative threshold of -0.2 pp. In the table, values are expressed also as percentage of total population. The data source is the quarterly EU Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). The survey covers the resident population in private households.

Abstract

The LFS is a twice-yearly rotating panel household survey, specifically designed to measure the dynamics of employment and unemployment in South Africa. It measures a variety of issues related to the labour market,including unemployment rates (official and expanded), according to standard definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO).

All editions of the LFS have been updated (some more than once) since their release. These version changes are detailed in a document available from DataFirst (in the "external documents" section titled "LFS 2000-2008 Collated Version Notes on the South African LFS").

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households and individuals

Universe

The LFS sample covers the non-institutional population except for workers' hostels. However, persons living in private dwelling units within institutions are also enumerated. For example, within a school compound, one would enumerate the schoolmaster's house and teachers' accommodation because these are private dwellings. Students living in a dormitory on the school compound would, however, be excluded.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The LFS is a twice-yearly rotating panel household survey. A rotating panel sample involves visiting the same dwelling units on a number of occasions (in this instance, five at most), and replacing a proportion of these dwelling units each round. New dwelling units are added to the sample to replace those that are taken out. The pilot round of LFS fieldwork took place in February 2000, based on a probability sample of 10 000 dwelling units. This survey took place six months later, using a larger probability sample of 30,000 dwelling units. Among the 10,000 households visited in February, approximately 40% were re-visited in September 2000. The fieldworkers had some difficulty in identifying certain dwelling units in the sample, particularly in those areas where there are no addresses.

The Master Sample is based on the 1996 Population Census of enumeration areas (EA) and the estimated number of dwelling units from the 1996 Population Census. All 3000 PSUs included in the Master Sample were used in the Labour Force Survey. A PSU is either one EA or several EAs when the number of dwelling units in the base or originally selected EA was found to have less than 100 dwelling units. Each EA had to have approximately 150 dwelling units but it was discovered that many contained less. Thus, in some cases, it has been found necessary to add EAs to the original (census) EA to ensure that the minimum requirement of 100 dwellings, in the first stage of forming the PSUs, was met. The size of the PSUs in the Master Sample varied from 100 to 2445 dwelling units. Special dwellings such as prisons, hospitals, boarding houses, hotels, guest houses (whether catering or self-catering), schools and churches were excluded from the sample.

Explicit stratification of the PSUs was done by province and area type (urban/rural). Within each explicit stratum, the PSUs were implicitly stratified by District Council, Magisterial District and, within the magisterial district, by average household income (for formal urban areas and hostels) or EA. The allocated number of EAs was systematically selected with "probability proportional to size" in each stratum. Once the PSUs included in the sample were known, their boundaries had to be identified on the ground. After boundary identification, the next stage was to list accurately all the dwelling units in the PSUs.

The second stage of the sample selection was to draw from the dwelling units listing whereby a systematic sample of 10 dwelling units was drawn from each PSU. As a result, approximately 30,000 households (units) were interviewed. However, if there was growth of more than 20% in a PSU, then the sample size was increased systematically according to the proportion of growth in the PSU.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

The LFS is a twice-yearly rotating panel household survey, specifically designed to measure the dynamics of employment and unemployment in South Africa. It measures a variety of issues related to the labour market,including unemployment rates (official and expanded), according to standard definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). All editions of the LFS have been updated (some more than once) since their release. These version changes are detailed in a document available from DataFirst (in the "external documents" section titled "LFS 2000-2008 Collated Version Notes on the South African LFS").

Labour force survey (LFS) Purpose and short description The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a socio-economic household sample survey. Its main objective is to classify the working age population (15 and older) into three groups (employed, unemployed and inactive persons) and to provide descriptive and explanatory data on every category. This survey is also carried out in the other EU Member States and is coordinated by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In Belgium, the LFS is organised by Statbel. The objective is to obtain comparable information at European level, in particular as regards employment and unemployment rates as defined by the International Labour Office (ILO), but also to collect and disseminate data that are otherwise not available, for example about the mobility of workers, the reasons for working part-time, the various forms of part-time employment, the occupation, the educational level of the working age population, ... . Survey population Members of private households aged 15 or older. Sample frame Demographic data from the National Register. Data collection method and sample size Data are collected through face-to-face interviews. Since 2017, there have been three (shorter) follow-up surveys to which households respond online or by telephone. Households with only inactive persons older than 64 can also be interviewed by telephone. Every year, around 47,000 households receive a letter asking them to take part in this survey. Response rate The response rate is above 75%. Periodicity Quarterly Release calendar Results availability: around 3 months after the end of the reference period. Forms Labour Force Survey 2020 (PDF, 541 Kb) Labour Force Survey 2021 (PDF, 1 Mb) Definitions Unemployed (ILO): According to the criteria of the International Labour Office, the unemployed include all people aged 15 years and over who: a) were without work during the reference week b) were available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment within two weeks after the reference week c) were actively seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps during the last four weeks including the reference week to seek paid employment or self-employment, or who had found a job to start within a maximum period of three months. Employed population (ILO): The employed comprise all people aged 15 and over who during the reference week performed some work for at least one hour for wage or salary, or for profit, or who had a job but were temporarily absent. For example, one can be temporarily absent for holidays, illness, technical or economic reasons (temporary unemployment),....Family workers are also included in the category ‘employed’. The employed are divided into three groups according to their professional status: Education level (3 classes): Low-skilled people are people who have at most a diploma of lower secondary education. Medium-skilled people are people who obtained a diploma of upper secondary education but not of higher education. Highly-skilled people have a diploma of higher education. Early leavers from education and training: the percentage of people aged 18 to 24 who did not complete upper secondary education and who is no longer involved in any form of education or training. Metadata Employment, unemployment, labour market (NL-FR) Labour force survey (LFS) (NL-FR) Survey methodology Modifications to the Labour Force Survey (LFS) in 2021 LFS: Methodological improvements to the Labour Force Survey 2017 (PDF, 99 Kb) LFS: Presentation of the survey until 2016 (NL-FR) LFS: Presentation of the survey from 2017 (NL-FR) Regulations Royal Decree of 10 January 1999 on the organisation of a labour force sample survey (NL-FR) Royal decree amending the royal decree of 10 January 1999 on the organisation of a labour force sample survey (NL-FR)

Labour force survey (LFS) Purpose and short description The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a socio-economic household sample survey. Its main objective is to classify the working age population (15 and older) into three groups (employed, unemployed and inactive persons) and to provide descriptive and explanatory data on every category. This survey is also carried out in the other EU Member States and is coordinated by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In Belgium, the LFS is organised by Statbel. The objective is to obtain comparable information at European level, in particular as regards employment and unemployment rates as defined by the International Labour Office (ILO), but also to collect and disseminate data that are otherwise not available, for example about the mobility of workers, the reasons for working part-time, the various forms of part-time employment, the occupation, the educational level of the working age population, ... . Survey population Members of private households aged 15 or older. Sample frame Demographic data from the National Register. Data collection method and sample size Data are collected through face-to-face interviews. Since 2017, there have been three (shorter) follow-up surveys to which households respond online or by telephone. Households with only inactive persons older than 64 can also be interviewed by telephone. Every year, around 47,000 households receive a letter asking them to take part in this survey. Response rate The response rate is above 75%. Periodicity Quarterly Release calendar Results availability: around 3 months after the end of the reference period. Forms Labour Force Survey 2020 (PDF, 541 Kb) Labour Force Survey 2021 (PDF, 1 Mb) Definitions Unemployed (ILO): According to the criteria of the International Labour Office, the unemployed include all people aged 15 years and over who: a) were without work during the reference week b) were available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment within two weeks after the reference week c) were actively seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps during the last four weeks including the reference week to seek paid employment or self-employment, or who had found a job to start within a maximum period of three months. Employed population (ILO): The employed comprise all people aged 15 and over who during the reference week performed some work for at least one hour for wage or salary, or for profit, or who had a job but were temporarily absent. For example, one can be temporarily absent for holidays, illness, technical or economic reasons (temporary unemployment),....Family workers are also included in the category ‘employed’. The employed are divided into three groups according to their professional status: Employees: Employees comprise all persons aged 15 and over who during the reference period performed some work (with or without a formal contract) for at least one hour for wage or salary, or who were temporarily not at work during the reference period (because of illness, maternity leave, holidays, social conflict, weather conditions or other reasons) and had a formal attachment to their job. Non-employees: Non-employees comprise all persons who do not work for an employer and who during the reference week performed some work for at least one hour for profit or who were temporarily not at work during the reference period. This includes self-employed people (without employees) and employers (with employees) and unpaid workers. Labour force: The labour force or economically active population (15 years and older) consists of people with an occupation (persons employed) and the unemployed. Unemployment rate: The unemployment rate represents the share of unemployed people in the labour force (employed + unemployed) aged 15 to 64. Employment rate: The employment rate represents the share of employed people in a specific age group (15-64 years old, 20-64 years old,...). Economic activity rate: The economic activity rate represents the share of the labour force (employed and unemployed) in the population aged 15 to 64. Education level (3 classes): Low-skilled people are people who have at most a diploma of lower secondary education. Medium-skilled people are people who obtained a diploma of upper secondary education but not of higher education. Highly-skilled people have a diploma of higher education. Metadata Employment, unemployment, labour market (NL-FR) Labour force survey (LFS) (NL-FR) Survey methodology Modifications to the Labour Force Survey (LFS) in 2021 LFS: Methodological improvements to the Labour Force Survey 2017 (PDF, 99 Kb) LFS: Presentation of the survey until 2016 (NL-FR) LFS: Presentation of the survey from 2017 (NL-FR) Regulations Royal Decree of 10 January 1999 on the organisation of a labour force sample survey (NL-FR) Royal decree amending the royal decree of 10 January 1999 on the organisation of a labour force sample survey (NL-FR)

HNB Forecast: ILO Unemployment Rate data was reported at 5.600 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.100 % for 2022. HNB Forecast: ILO Unemployment Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 7.500 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.200 % in 2017 and a record low of 5.600 % in 2023. HNB Forecast: ILO Unemployment Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Croatian National Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Croatia – Table HR.G011: Labour Force Survey: Unemployment Rate: Forecast: Croatian National Bank.

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) carried out four rounds of the Labor Force Survey 2021 (LFS). The survey rounds covered a total sample of about 25,179 households (about 6,300 households per quarter).

The main objective of collecting data on the labour force and its components, including employment, unemployment and underemployment, is to provide basic information on the size and structure of the Palestinian labour force. Data collected at different points in time provide a basis for monitoring current trends and changes in the labour market and in the employment situation. These data, supported with information on other aspects of the economy, provide a basis for the evaluation and analysis of macro-economic policies.

The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing labor force surveys in several Arab countries.

Geographic coverage

Covering a representative sample on the region level (West Bank, Gaza Strip), the locality type (urban, rural, camp) and the governorates.

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The survey covered all Palestinian households who are a usual residence of the Palestinian Territory.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

The methodology was designed according to the context of the survey, international standards, data processing requirements and comparability of outputs with other related surveys.

---> Target Population: It consists of all individuals aged 10 years and Above and there are staying normally with their households in the state of Palestine during 2020.

---> Sampling Frame: The sampling frame consists of a comprehensive sample selected from the Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017: This comprehensive sample consists of geographical areas with an average of 150 households, and these are considered as enumeration areas used in the census and these units were used as primary sampling units (PSUs).

---> Sampling Size: The estimated sample size is 8,040 households in each quarter of 2021.

---> Sample Design The sample is two stage stratified cluster sample with two stages : First stage: we select a systematic random sample of 536 enumeration areas for the whole round. Second stage: we select a systematic random sample of 15 households from each enumeration area selected in the first stage.

---> Sample strata: The population was divided by: 1- Governorate (17 governorates, where Jerusalem was considered as two statistical areas) 2- Type of Locality (urban, rural, refugee camps).

---> Sample Rotation: Each round of the Labor Force Survey covers all of the 536 master sample enumeration areas. Basically, the areas remain fixed over time, but households in 50% of the EAs were replaced in each round. The same households remain in the sample for two consecutive rounds, left for the next two rounds, then selected for the sample for another two consecutive rounds before being dropped from the sample. An overlap of 50% is then achieved between both consecutive rounds and between consecutive years (making the sample efficient for monitoring purposes).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire was designed according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) recommendations. The questionnaire includes four main parts:

---> 1. Identification Data: The main objective for this part is to record the necessary information to identify the household, such as, cluster code, sector, type of locality, cell, housing number and the cell code.

---> 2. Quality Control: This part involves groups of controlling standards to monitor the field and office operation, to keep in order the sequence of questionnaire stages (data collection, field and office coding, data entry, editing after entry and store the data.

---> 3. Household Roster: This part involves demographic characteristics about the household, like number of persons in the household, date of birth, sex, educational level…etc.

---> 4. Employment Part: This part involves the major research indicators, where one questionnaire had been answered by every 15 years and over household member, to be able to explore their labour force status and recognize their major characteristics toward employment status, economic activity, occupation, place of work, and other employment indicators.

Cleaning operations

---> Raw Data PCBS started collecting data since 1st quarter 2020 using the hand held devices in Palestine excluding Jerusalem in side boarders (J1) and Gaza Strip, the program used in HHD called Sql Server and Microsoft. Net which was developed by General Directorate of Information Systems. From the beginning of March 2020, with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the home quarantine imposed by the government, the personal (face to face) interview was replaced by the phone interview for households who had phone numbers from previous rounds, and for those households that did not have phone numbers, they were referred to and interviewed in person (face to face interview). Using HHD reduced the data processing stages, the fieldworkers collect data and sending data directly to server then the project manager can withdrawal the data at any time he needs. In order to work in parallel with Gaza Strip and Jerusalem in side boarders (J1), an office program was developed using the same techniques by using the same database for the HHD.

---> Harmonized Data - The SPSS package is used to clean and harmonize the datasets. - The harmonization process starts with a cleaning process for all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency. - All cleaned data files are then merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization. - A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables. - A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data. - Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and then converted to STATA, to be disseminated.

Response rate

The survey sample consists of about 32,160 households of which 25,179 households completed the interview; whereas 16,355 households from the West Bank and 8,824 households in Gaza Strip. Weights were modified to account for non-response rate. The response rate in the West Bank reached 79.8% while in the Gaza Strip it reached 90.5%.

Sampling error estimates

---> Sampling Errors Data of this survey may be affected by sampling errors due to use of a sample and not a complete enumeration. Therefore, certain differences can be expected in comparison with the real values obtained through censuses. Variances were calculated for the most important indicators: the variance table is attached with the final report. There is no problem in disseminating results at national or governorate level for the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

---> Non-Sampling Errors Non-statistical errors are probable in all stages of the project, during data collection or processing. This is referred to as non-response errors, response errors, interviewing errors, and data entry errors. To avoid errors and reduce their effects, great efforts were made to train the fieldworkers intensively. They were trained on how to carry out the interview, what to discuss and what to avoid, carrying out a pilot survey, as well as practical and theoretical training during the training course. Also data entry staff were trained on the data entry program that was examined before starting the data entry process. To stay in contact with progress of fieldwork activities and to limit obstacles, there was continuous contact with the fieldwork team through regular visits to the field and regular meetings with them during the different field visits. Problems faced by fieldworkers were discussed to clarify any issues. Non-sampling errors can occur at the various stages of survey implementation whether in data collection or in data processing. They are generally difficult to be evaluated statistically.

They cover a wide range of errors, including errors resulting from non-response, sampling frame coverage, coding and classification, data processing, and survey response (both respondent and interviewer-related). The use of effective training and supervision and the careful design of questions have direct bearing on limiting the magnitude of non-sampling errors, and hence enhancing the quality of the resulting data. The implementation of the survey encountered non-response where the case ( household was not present at home ) during the fieldwork visit and the case ( housing unit is vacant) become the high percentage of the non response cases. The total non-response rate reached 16.7% which is very low once compared to the

Abstract

The Labour Force Survey collects data on the economically active population or labour force in the country, according to the recommendations of ILO (International Labour Organisation) and the recommendations of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat). The labour force consists of all persons in employment or looking for work in order to earn a livelihood. Therefore, the main categories to examine are: total employment, unemployment, and demographic, geographic, socio-economic and other characteristics of individuals that are in each of these categories.

The main objective of the survey is, based on the results, to determine the basic categories that make up the labour force of the country in a way that allows the use of modern methods of analysis of any scientific field: economics, sociology, psychology, etc. One of the objectives of the survey is to define total employment and unemployment in accordance with international standards so that these categories can be compared with similar occurrences in other countries, especially in European countries.

The procedure for sample selection and the design of the questionnaire are based on the recommendations of the International Labour Organisation and the recommendations of Eurostat.

Geographic coverage

National

Universe

The unit of observation is the household and everyone in it.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey is conducted throughout the Republic of Macedonia. The basis for selection of the sample is the Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2002. The selection of the sample households is conducted in two stages.

The first step is choosing enumeration districts, proportional to the population aged 15-79 years in the eight regions (Skopje, Pelagonia, Vardar, Northeast, Southwest, Southeast, Polog and East regions) and by type of settlement (city or other). In the second stage, 11250 addresses or households living at those addresses are randomly selected from the chosen enumeration districts. Selected households represent about 2% of the total number of households in the country. According to the rotation pattern 2-2-2, each household will be surveyed in two consecutive quarters, left out for the next two quarters, surveyed again in the next two quarters, and then taken out of the sample.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire "A - non-response" If people in the household do not want (refuse) to participate in the survey despite the explanation of the interviewer about the purpose of the survey and the need for participation of all selected households, the interviewer should fill in the questionnaire "A - non-response" and specify the reason for not completing the survey with the household on the back of the questionnaire.

Questionnaire "B" Individual Questionnaire The individual questionnaire "B" must be filled in for all household members aged 15 to 79. Particular attention should be paid to people aged 15 and 80, whose dates of birth are exactly at these limits and for which questionnaire "B" may be skipped. Identification data about the reference number of the municipality, the ordinal number of the enumeration district in the municipality and the ordinal number of the respondent are copied from Questionnaire "A" - Household data. For each interviewed person the interviewer fills in the following information: name and surname and place of birth (settlement, municipality, country).

For each question in Questionnaire B it is important to see whether a particular option involves a jump to another question. If there is a jump to another question, it should be followed, i.e. the interview should proceed to the question indicated by an arrow, skipping all previous questions. Also, the interviewer should follow the instructions that indicate what parts of the questionnaire refer to which category of persons.

Abstract

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a statistical study of the households selected by the appropriate method. The objective of the survey is providing information on not only well-known employment and unemployment as well as providing comprehensive information on other standard indicators characterizing the country labour market.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The design of the questionnaire, used concepts, set of indicators and calculation methodology, sampling method basically comply with the definitions and concepts recommended by the ILO and Eurostat, while taking into account the peculiarities of their application in Armenia to the extent possible, at the same time, by providing the comparability with the international similar indicators.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Quarterly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Abstract

The first full-scale Labour Force Survey (LFS) in Namibia was carried out in 1997 under the National Household Survey Programme, launched after the Government endorsed the Five-Year Plan for the Development of Statistics in 1993. Since then, five Labour Force Surveys (1997, 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012) have been conducted in the country at more or less regular intervals of every four years. The Labour Force Survey of 2016 was the fourth annual labour force survey to be conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency. The first, second and third labour force surveys were conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. Although the LFS 2015 was included as a module in the 2015/16 NHIES, there was no official publication of the labour force statistics in 2015 as the resulting outcome was used as a pilot for determining the viability of producing quarterly labour force statistics. The pilot did not produce on average comparable results to previous years, hence the gap. Like previous labour force surveys, the 2016 survey was conducted with the objective of generating key socioeconomic indicators for assessment of labour market conditions in Namibia.” The survey covers all aspects of people's work, including employment, unemployment, underemployment, occupation, industry, education and training needed to equip them for work, wages and salaries. This document presents results of key indicators of the survey. It is hoped that the release will be of assistance to planners, policy makers, researchers and the public in general and provide a quick glance of standard employment and unemployment indicators for accessing Namibia's efforts in meeting its various developmental goals in particular, those relating to job creations. This report covers wide-range of topics to meet the demands of users of labour statistics at national level, as well as SADC, AU, and ILO levels. For example, a page with a summary of SADC Minimum Indicators is included, for a quick glance of standard employment and unemployment indicators for accessing Namibia's efforts in achieving its developmental goals relating job creations.
Moreover, the anonymised micro-level and Meta data for this report will be available via the NSA website at http:// www.nsa.org.na to enable the public and individuals who are interested in doing further analysis to have access to data. In this way, the country will derive full benefits from the resources that were allocated to conduct the survey.

NSA therefore would like to express sincere gratitude and appreciation for all the support that was received from various stakeholders who contributed to the implementation of this survey. Particularly, our gratitude goes to the users and producers who provided inputs to survey data collection instruments. Furthermore, our appreciation goes to the household members who participated in the survey to provide the required information. Our appreciation also goes to Regional and Local leaders and the general public for their support and cooperation to ensure that the importance of the surveys was explained to their respective communities. Also,We would like to address our sincere thanks to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) for their technical inputs to the labour force survey 2016 in Namibia. The technical advice of StatsSA is also highly appreciated and this good cooperation should continue. Finally,NSA would like to thank the Government of the Republic of Namibia for its continued funding of this survey. Basic findings and indicators from this survey provide fresh understanding of the prevailing labour market situation in the country. These findings should provide a basis for better planning, policy formulation and labour-related discussions by all concerned. We hope that the users will find this report informative and use it in their planning for the development of the country.

Geographic coverage

The sample was designed to provide estimates of the indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas for 14 regions.

Analysis unit

• Private households
• Individuals

Universe

Namibian private households and subsequently the people living in those private households. People who are living in institutions (institutional population) are excluded from this survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

National sampling frame is a list of small geographical areas called Primary Sampling Units (PSU). There are a total of 6245 PSU's in Namibia. They were created using the enumeration areas (EA) of the 2011 Population and Housing Census. The sample design was a stratified two-stage cluster sample, where the first stage units were the PSUs and the second stage units were the households. Sample sizes were determined to give reliable estimates of the population characteristics at the regional level (i.e. lowest domain of estimation). A total of 12480 households constituted the sample from all 14 regions and from a sample of 624 PSUs. Power allocation procedures were adopted to distribute the sample across the regions so that the smaller regions will get adequate samples.

Mode of data collection

Face_to_Face

Research instrument

The survey instrument for 2016 LFS is the questionnaire that was be administered in CAPI or PAPI (when necessary).

Cleaning operations

Report generated from STATA software particular were there were violation of edit rules were reviewed case by case by the subject staff and decision where arrived on how to treat such cases. After the validation process standard variable name were and codes were generated from the validated dataset.

Response rate

After data processing,12239 out of 12480 sampled households were successfully interviewed.

Sampling error estimates

The statistical precision of the survey estimates was expressed using different types of statistics such as Standard errors, the coefficient of variation and confident interval.

Full edition for scientific use. With about 20,000 households surveyed per quarter, the Microcensus is the largest regularly conducted sample survey in Austria. It is an important data source for central national and international labour market indicators and regularly provides information on housing and families. The survey is also known as the Microcensus Labour Force Survey (MZ-AKE), as the labour market-related questions are surveyed according to international guidelines (according to the ILO - International Labour Organisation) and the Austrian part is the so-called European Labour Force Survey (LFS). Probability: Stratified: Disproportional

Full edition for scientific use. With about 20,000 households surveyed per quarter, the Microcensus is the largest regularly conducted sample survey in Austria. It is an important data source for central national and international labour market indicators and regularly provides information on housing and families. The survey is also known as the Microcensus Labour Force Survey (MZ-AKE), as the labour market-related questions are surveyed according to international guidelines (according to the ILO - International Labour Organisation) and the Austrian part is the so-called European Labour Force Survey (LFS). Probability: Stratified: Disproportional