The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 use 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which can be combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019).The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 use 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which can be combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). This is an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for every Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The IMD 2019 can be used to rank every LSOA in England according to their relative level of deprivation.ColumnFull ColumnLSOA01CDLSOA code (2011)LSOA01NMLSOA name (2011)LADcdLocal Authority District code (2019)LADnmLocal Authority District name (2019)IMDScoreIndex of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) ScoreIMDRank0Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)IMDDec0Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)IncScoreIncome Score (rate)IncRankIncome Rank (where 1 is most deprived)IncDecIncome Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)EmpScoreEmployment Score (rate)EmpRankEmployment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)EmpDecEmployment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)EduScoreEducation, Skills and Training ScoreEduRankEducation, Skills and Training Rank (where 1 is most deprived)EduDecEducation, Skills and Training Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)HDDScoreHealth Deprivation and Disability ScoreHDDRankHealth Deprivation and Disability Rank (where 1 is most deprived)HDDDecHealth Deprivation and Disability Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)CriScoreCrime ScoreCriRankCrime Rank (where 1 is most deprived)CriDecCrime Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)BHSScoreBarriers to Housing and Services ScoreBHSRankBarriers to Housing and Services Rank (where 1 is most deprived)BHSDecBarriers to Housing and Services Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)EnvScoreLiving Environment ScoreEnvRankLiving Environment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)EnvDecLiving Environment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)IDCScoreIncome Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Score (rate)IDCRankIncome Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)IDCDecIncome Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)IDOScoreIncome Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Score (rate)IDORankIncome Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)IDODecIncome Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)CYPScoreChildren and Young People Sub-domain ScoreCYPRankChildren and Young People Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)CYPDecChildren and Young People Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)ASScoreAdult Skills Sub-domain ScoreASRankAdult Skills Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)ASDecAdult Skills Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)GBScoreGeographical Barriers Sub-domain ScoreGBRankGeographical Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)GBDecGeographical Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)WBScoreWider Barriers Sub-domain ScoreWBRankWider Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)WBDecWider Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)IndScoreIndoors Sub-domain ScoreIndRankIndoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)IndDecIndoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)OutScoreOutdoors Sub-domain ScoreOutRankOutdoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)OutDecOutdoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)TotPopTotal population: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)DepChiDependent Children aged 0-15: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)Pop16_59Population aged 16-59: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)Pop60+Older population aged 60 and over: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)WorkPopWorking age population 18-59/64: for use with Employment Deprivation Domain (excluding prisoners)

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 use 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which can be combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). This is an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for every Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The IMD 2019 can be used to rank every LSOA in England according to their relative level of deprivation.

Column

Full Column

LSOA01CD

LSOA code (2011)

LSOA01NM

LSOA name (2011)

LADcd

Local Authority District code (2019)

LADnm

Local Authority District name (2019)

IMDScore

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Score

IMDRank0

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IMDDec0

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IncScore

Income Score (rate)

IncRank

Income Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IncDec

Income Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EmpScore

Employment Score (rate)

EmpRank

Employment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EmpDec

Employment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EduScore

Education, Skills and Training Score

EduRank

Education, Skills and Training Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EduDec

Education, Skills and Training Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

HDDScore

Health Deprivation and Disability Score

HDDRank

Health Deprivation and Disability Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

HDDDec

Health Deprivation and Disability Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

CriScore

Crime Score

CriRank

Crime Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

CriDec

Crime Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

BHSScore

Barriers to Housing and Services Score

BHSRank

Barriers to Housing and Services Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

BHSDec

Barriers to Housing and Services Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EnvScore

Living Environment Score

EnvRank

Living Environment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EnvDec

Living Environment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IDCScore

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Score (rate)

IDCRank

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IDCDec

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IDOScore

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Score (rate)

IDORank

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IDODec

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

CYPScore

Children and Young People Sub-domain Score

CYPRank

Children and Young People Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

CYPDec

Children and Young People Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

ASScore

Adult Skills Sub-domain Score

ASRank

Adult Skills Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

ASDec

Adult Skills Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

GBScore

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Score

GBRank

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

GBDec

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

WBScore

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Score

WBRank

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

WBDec

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IndScore

Indoors Sub-domain Score

IndRank

Indoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IndDec

Indoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

OutScore

Outdoors Sub-domain Score

OutRank

Outdoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

OutDec

Outdoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

TotPop

Total population: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

DepChi

Dependent Children aged 0-15: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

Pop16_59

Population aged 16-59: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

Pop60+

Older population aged 60 and over: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

WorkPop

Working age population 18-59/64: for use with Employment Deprivation Domain (excluding prisoners)

This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 provide a detailed analysis of relative deprivation across small areas in England. The Crime Deprivation dataset is a key component of this index, measuring the risk of personal and material victimization at the local level. This dataset includes indicators such as recorded crimes for violence, burglary, theft, and criminal damage. It helps identify areas with high levels of crime, guiding policy interventions and resource allocation to improve safety and reduce crime rates.

The Indices of Deprivation (IOD) 2019 are the Government’s official measure of deprivation for English local authorities and neighbourhoods, released in 2019 by the Ministry for Housing Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The IOD includes the headline Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) as well as indices covering income deprivation for young people and for older people. The IMD is based on indicators organised across seven sub domains of deprivation, which are combined and weighted to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.MHCLG did not produce deprivation data for wards and constituencies. They did provide a methodology for aggregating LSOA data into higher geographies, and this was used to create rankings for the city’s constituencies, originally published in a Birmingham City Council Economic Policy report on deprivation.The data shows:the Birmingham rank from most (rank 1) to least deprived (rank 10)

the national decile, from decile 1 (nationally most deprived 10%) to decile 10 (nationally least deprived)

Data showing deprivation levels across different Birmingham Wards, using three key indices: the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI), and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI). These indices are integral components in understanding socio-economic conditions, enabling insights into how deprivation affects various age groups and areas.Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD): IMD is a composite measure that ranks areas based on seven domains of deprivation: income, employment, education, health, crime, housing, and living environment. It offers a broad overview of deprivation at a small-area level. This is shown as a rank from 1-69 with 1 being the most deprived.IMD 2019 Decile: Where 1 is 10% Most Deprived Nationally. This is an indication of the wards financial resilience.Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI): IDACI focuses specifically on income deprivation among children. It measures the proportion of children aged 0-15 living in income-deprived households, reflecting the impact of poverty on young people.Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI): IDAOPI targets income deprivation among the elderly. It calculates the proportion of people aged 60 and over living in income-deprived households, providing insight into how economic disadvantage affects older populations.Data is update irregularly with the next release scheduled for late 2025.Mapping tipsWhen using the build a map page you should use the Color by category map type when visualising the IMD score.A good resource for custom colours for each decile is ColorBrewer.

This publication provides statistics on the number of unique NHS numbers with an associated national data opt-out. The national data opt-out was introduced on 25 May 2018. It was introduced following recommendations from the National Data Guardian. It indicates that a patient does not want their confidential patient information to be shared for purposes beyond their individual care across the health and care system in England. The service allows individuals to set a national data opt-out or reverse a previously set opt-out. It replaced the previous type 2 opt-outs which patients registered via their GP Practice. Previous type 2 opt-outs have been converted to national data opt-outs each month, until November 2018. This is why the monthly increase in opt-outs decreases from December 2018 onward. This publication includes the number of people who have a national data opt-out, broken down by age, gender and a variety of geographical breakdowns. From June 2020 the methodology for reporting NDOP changed, representing a break in time series. Therefore, caution should be used when comparing data to publications prior to June 2020. The number of deceased people with an active NDOP has been captured and reported for the first time in June 2020. Please note that this publication is no longer released monthly. It is released annually or when the national opt-out rate changes by more than 0.1 per cent. Prior to September 2020 there is a slight inflation of less than 0.05 percent in the number of National Data Opt-outs. This is due to an issue with the data processing, which has been resolved and does not affect data after September 2020. This issue does not disproportionately affect any single breakdown, including geographies. Please take this into consideration when using the data. As of January 2023, index of multiple deprivation (IMD) data has been added to the publication, allowing the total number of opt-outs to be grouped by IMD decile. This data has been included as a new CSV, and has also been added to a new table in the summary file. IMD measures relative deprivation in small areas in England, with decile 1 representing the most deprived areas, and decile 10 representing least deprived. Please note that the figures reported in IMD decile tables will not add up to the national totals. This is because the IMD-LSOA mapping reference data was created in 2019, and any geography codes added since then will not be mapped to an IMD decile. For more information about the reference data used, please view this report: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019 Management information describes aggregate information collated and used in the normal course of business to inform operational delivery, policy development or the management of organisational performance. It is usually based on administrative data but can also be a product of survey data. We publish these management information to ensure equality of access and provide wider public value.

In 2019, people from most ethnic minority groups were more likely than White British people to live in the most deprived neighbourhoods.

Estimates of the risk of hospital admission for coronavirus (COVID-19) and death involving COVID-19 by vaccination status, overall and by age group, using anonymised linked data from Census 2021. Experimental Statistics.

Outcome definitions

For this analysis, we define a death as involving COVID-19 if either of the ICD-10 codes U07.1 (COVID-19, virus identified) or U07.2 (COVID-19, virus not identified) is mentioned on the death certificate. Information on cause of death coding is available in the User Guide to Mortality Statistics. We use date of occurrance rather than date of registration to give the date of the death.

We define COVID-109 hospitalisation as an inpatient episode in Hospital Episode Statistics where the primary diagnosis was COVID-19, identified by the ICD-19 codes (COVID-19, virus identified) or U07.2 (COVID-19, virus not identified). Where an individual had experienced more than one COVID-19 hospitalisation, the earliest that occurred within the study period was used. We define the date of COVID-19 hospitalisation as the start of the hospital episode.

ICD-10 code

U07.1 :

COVID-19, virus identified

U07.2:

COVID-19, virus not identified

Vaccination status is defined by the dose and the time since the last dose received

Unvaccinated:

no vaccination to less than 21 days post first dose

First dose 21 days to 3 months:

more than or equal to 21 days post second dose to earliest of less than 91 days post first dose or less than 21 days post second dose

First dose 3+ months:

more than or equal to 91 days post first dose to less than 21 days post second dose

Second dose 21 days to 3 months:

more than or equal to 21 days post second dose to earliest of less than 91 days post second dose or less than 21 days post third dose

Second dose 3-6 months:

more than or equal to 91 days post second dose to earliest of less than 182 days post second dose or less than 21 days post third dose

Second dose 6+ months:

more than or equal to 182 days post second dose to less than 21 days post third dose

Third dose 21 days to 3 months:

more than or equal to 21 days post third dose to less than 91 days post third dose

Third dose 3+ months:

more than or equal to 91 days post third dose

Model adjustments

Three sets of model adjustments were used

Age adjusted:

age (as a natural spline)

Age, socio-demographics adjusted:

age (as a natural spline), plus socio-demographic characteristics (sex, region, ethnicity, religion, IMD decile, NSSEC category, highest qualification, English language proficiency, key worker status)

Fully adjusted:

age (as a natural spline), plus socio-demographic characteristics (sex, region, ethnicity, religion, IMD decile, NSSEC category, highest qualification, English language proficiency, key worker status), plus health-related characteristics (disability, self-reported health, care home residency, number of QCovid comorbidities (grouped), BMI category, frailty flag and hospitalisation within the last 21 days.

Age

Age in years is defined on the Census day 2021 (21 March 2021). Age is included in the model as a natural spline with boundary knots at the 10th and 90th centiles and internal knots at the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles. The positions of the knots are calculated separately for the overall model and for each age group for the stratified model.