In 2024, the net migration rate in France reached *******. In recent years Europe and France have seen more people arrive than depart. The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year. France's highest net migration rate was reached in 2018 when it amounted to *******. Armed conflicts and economic migration are some of the reasons for immigration in Europe. The refugee crisis Studies have shown that there were ******* immigrant arrivals in France in 2022, which has risen since 2014. The migrant crisis, which began in 2015 in Europe, had an impact on the migration entry flows not only in France but in all European countries. The number of illegal border crossings to the EU over the Eastern Mediterranean route reached a record number of ******* crossings in 2015. Immigration in France Since the middle of the 19th century, France has attracted immigrants, first from European countries (like Poland, Spain, and Italy), and then from the former French colonies. In 2023, there were approximately *** million people foreign-born in France. Most of them were living in the Ile-de-France region, which contains Paris, and in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur in the Southeastern part of the country. In 2022, the majority of immigrants arriving in France were from Africa and Europe.

This graph represents the share of the immigrant population in France from 1921 to 2023. The statistic reveals that the share of immigrants in France had slightly increased since 1921. There were 6.6 percent of immigrants in 1931 compared to 10.7 percent in 2023.

France FR: Net Migration data was reported at 400,002.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 361,722.000 Person for 2012. France FR: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 408,109.500 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,466,682.000 Person in 1962 and a record low of 146,855.000 Person in 1977. France FR: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

Among non-immigrant French people, **** percent had no degree in 2023. Asian immigrants had the highest rate of non-graduates. On the other hand, while *****percent of non-immigrants had a college degree, this rate increased to *****percent for immigrants from Europe.

In 2022, in France, ** percent of the new immigrants who graduated with a higher education degree declared they wanted to stay permanently in France, *** percent of them wanted to live between France and abroad or, stay partially in France and leave later, and finally ***** percent of them said they had other projects.

To what extent does exposure to immigration condition the types of immigrants citizens are willing to admit? Extending the conjoint approach adopted by Hainmueller and Hopkins (2015), this study investigates whether the admission preferences of French natives vary based on personal exposure to immigration, as proxied by local demographics and self-reported social contact. Methodologically, we propose and apply new methods to compare attribute salience across different subgroups of respondents. We find that although an inflow of immigrants into respondents' municipalities has a limited influence on how French natives evaluate prospective immigrants, social contact with immigrants matters. Specifically, French natives who do not frequently interact with immigrants are significantly less favorable toward immigrants from non-western countries, and more favorable toward immigrants from western countries. In contrast, natives who report frequent social interactions with immigrants place less weight on nationality as a criterion for immigrant admission. Although scholars have noted an increasing consensus in immigration attitudes across developed democracies, our findings suggest that individual experiences with immigration condition preferences for immigration policy at the national level.

To date, relatively few studies analyzed the motherhood penalty as experienced by immigrant women. The principal objective of this research is to establish whether the negative effect of motherhood on wages is higher for immigrants than it is for the native population; and how this effect may vary across different immigrant regions of origin. Using data from the Enquête Revenus Fiscaux et Sociaux from 2009 to 2012 (INSEE, 2009–2012)1, a series of linear regression models were calculated to examine whether the effect of motherhood on wages differs for immigrant women and native women; and to what extent this effect varies across different immigrant origin groups. Specifically, this study explores the effect of motherhood on immigrant labor market integration in France from three regions of origin, as compared to native French women: immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, the Maghreb (Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco), and from European countries (each and every region of origin is considered separately in comparison to native French women). The results revealed substantial differences in the motherhood penalty between the different regions of origin and assert the existence of an especially pronounced motherhood penalty for mothers from the Maghreb. Given the gap in the research with regards to the cost of motherhood for immigrants in the labor market of the host country, this research sheds light on specific mechanisms influencing the integration patterns of immigrant women. Moreover, by choosing France, which is one of the main immigration destinations in Europe, and a country where the motherhood penalty for the native population is almost non-existent, this study provides a new perspective on the intersection of motherhood, immigration, and region of origin in the immigrants' labor-market integration process.

This graph presents the percentage of descendants of immigrants in France in 2023, distributed by migration background. The statistic highlights that 32.4 percent of French people of immigrant parentage had Maghreb origins, while 4.7 percent of them had a Turkish migration background.

France FR: International Migrant Stock: Total data was reported at 7,784,418.000 Person in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,196,481.000 Person for 2010. France FR: International Migrant Stock: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 5,925,043.500 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2015, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,784,418.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 3,507,213.000 Person in 1960. France FR: International Migrant Stock: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2012 Revision.; Sum;

The indicator represents the share of immigrants in the population.

According to the INSEE definition, an immigrant is a foreign-born person residing in France. People born French abroad and living in France are therefore not counted. Conversely, some immigrants were able to become French, the others remaining foreign. Foreign and immigrant populations are not completely confused: an immigrant is not necessarily a foreigner and conversely, some foreigners were born in France (mainly minors). The quality of an immigrant is permanent: an individual continues to belong to the immigrant population even if he becomes French by acquisition. It is the country of birth, not nationality at birth, that defines the geographical origin of an immigrant.

Source: Observatory of Territories, https://www.observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr/part-des-immigres-dans-la-population

France - Foreign-born population was 9328900.00 in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for France - Foreign-born population - last updated from the EUROSTAT on September of 2025. Historically, France - Foreign-born population reached a record high of 9328900.00 in December of 2024 and a record low of 7309986.00 in December of 2010.

Graph and download economic data for International Migrant Stock, Total for France (SMPOPTOTLFRA) from 1960 to 2015 about migration, France, and 5-year.

Description

The MIGR-TWIT Corpus is a multilingual corpus of tweets about the topic of migration in Europe. Within the framework of the collaborative research project OLiNDiNUM (Observatoire LINguistique du DIscours NUMérique, Linguistic Observatory of Online Debate) the MIGR-TWIT Corpus is created with the aim of developing language databases of online debate. Considering the global issue of migration in line with British and French political contexts of last dozen years from 2011 to 2022, the corpus consists of two sub-corpora:

• FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022 Corpus for French language data (1 January 2011 - 30 June 2022) and

• UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022 Corpus for English language data (1 January 2012 - 5 September 2022)

Using the Twitter API v2 Academic Research, tweets containing at least one occurrence of migration or refugee related words are retrieved automatically from 28 right and far-right political figures and parties. The whole corpus contains 18,233 tweets and 533,198 words.

Scientific reference:

Pietrandrea, P., Battaglia, E. (2022). “Migrants and the EU”. The diachronic construction of ad hoc categories in French far-right discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 192, 139-157.

Blandino, G. (2023). 10 years of public debate on immigration: combining topic modeling and corpus linguistics to examine the British (far-)right discourse on Twitter, MA University of Wolverhampton

Jeon, S. (2025). Le discours numérique sur l'immigration en France entre 2011 et 2022. Une analyse de corpus (Online Discourse on Immigration in France between 2011 and 2022. A Corpus Analysis), PhD Thesis, Université de Lille, France.

Contents

The whole corpus contains two CSV Zip files (tabular format) corresponding to each sub-corpus. The complete corpus is presented in two versions, one version with the tweet identifier (data_id) and the text of the tweet (data_text) as a header (folders named FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022_textonly and UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022_textonly, respectively composed of 12 and 11 Zip files of every single year), and the other version with all tweet fields information included as a header, such as the posting date (data_created_at), the username (author_name), the number of retweets (data_public_metrics_retweet_count), etc., with two folders named FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022_meta and UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022_meta. Detailed information for each sub-corpus is illustrated below.

1. FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022

• Created at: 2022-08-08

• Language: FR

• Coverage: 16 user accounts; 11,761 tweets; 358,491 words

• Time of data collection: start=2011-01-01; end=2022-06-30

• Keywords: words derived from a latin root “migr” of migrare

• Corpus composition:

	Political figure/party	Username	Tweets	Year concerned
1	Michel Barnier	@MichelBarnier	31	2017-22
2	Valérie Pécresse	@vpecresse	81	2017-22
3	Rassemblement National	@RNational_off	3,347	2017-22
4	Nicolas Dupont-aignan	@dupontaignan	663	2011-22
5	Éric Ciotti	@ECiotti	1,007	2012-22
6	Christian Estrosi	@cestrosi	137	2011-22
7	Marine Le Pen	@MLP_officiel	1,650	2011-22
8	Valérie Boyer	@valerieboyer13	837	2012-22
9	Florian Philippot	@f_philippot	485	2012-22
10	Xavier Bertrand	@xavierbertrand	70	2017-22
11	Marion Maréchal	@MarionMarechal	479	2012-17,19-22
12	Philippe Meunier	@Meunier_Ph	245	2013-22
13	Jordan Bardella	@J_Bardella	1,095	2013-22
14	Nicolas Bay	@NicolasBay_	1,260	2017-22
15	Emmanuel Macron	@EmmanuelMacron	72	2017-22
16	Éric Zemmour	@ZemmourEric	302	2019-22
17	Jean Messiha*	Banned from Twitter (since July 2021)	-	-

• Political figures and parties of table above are listed in chronological order according to the dates on which they posted their first tweet.

• *Before the launching of Twitter API v2 Academic Research, migr-tweets were collected from the database of Europresse.com including 1,453 tweets of Jean Messiha as part of the reference study (Pietrandrea & Battaglia 2022). However, the Twitter account in question has been permanently banned since July 2021. For our data collection using the Twitter API started in September 2021, we could not access this account. Therefore, we decided not to include his tweets in the FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022 for the sake of consistency with the rest of twitter data that are automatically retrieved.

• The sub-corpus FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2017-2022 is developed, annotated and analyzed as part of a doctoral thesis in progress (Jeon, 2025) with the aim of studying the semantic construction of migr-lexicon over the period between 2011 and 2022.

2. UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022

• Created at: 2022-09-06

• Language: EN

• Coverage: 12 user accounts; 6,472 tweets; 174,707 words

• Time of data collection: start=2012-01-01; end=2022-09-05

• Keywords: words derived from a latin root “migr” of migrare in addition to the keywords “refugee(s)” and “asylum”.

• Corpus composition:

	Political figure/party	Username	Tweets	Year concerned
1	David Cameron	@David_Cameron	32	2012-22
2	Amber Rudd	@AmberRuddUK	29	2012-22
3	Sajid Javid	@sajidjavid	84	2012-22
4	Boris johnson	@BorisJohnson	80	2015-22
5	Priti Patel	@pritipatel	304	2012-22
6	UK Home Office	@ukhomeoffice	909	2012-22
7	Nigel Farage	@Nigel_Farage	1,010	2012-22
8	Richard Tice	@TiceRichard	180	2013-22
9	UKIP	@UKIP	2,746	2012-22
10	Neil Hamilton	@NeilUKIP	252	2013-22
11	Nick Griffin	@NickGriffinBU	542	2012-22
12	Robin Tilbrook	@RobinTilbrook	304	2012-22

• 2 out of 12 accounts are official accounts belonging to the” UK Home Office” department and the “UKIP” (United Kingdom Independence Party) party. 10 out of 12 accounts are political figures’ accounts.

• The corpus UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022 will be exploited for the following master’s thesis: Blandino, G. (2023). 10 years of public debate on immigration: combining topic modeling and corpus linguistics to examine the British (far-)right discourse on Twitter, MA University of Wolverhampton.

Abstract

This dataset, a product of the Trade Team - Development Research Group, is part of a larger effort in the group to measure the extent of the brain drain as part of the International Migration and Development Program. It measures international skilled migration for the years 1975-2000.

The methodology is explained in: "Tendance de long terme des migrations internationals. Analyse à partir des 6 principaux pays recerveurs", Cécily Defoort.

This data set uses the same methodology as used in the Docquier-Marfouk data set on international migration by educational attainment. The authors use data from 6 key receiving countries in the OECD: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK and the US.

It is estimated that the data represent approximately 77 percent of the world’s migrant population.

Bilateral brain drain rates are estimated based observations for every five years, during the period 1975-2000.

Geographic coverage

Australia, Canada, France, Germany, UK and US

Kind of data

Aggregate data [agg]

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Luxembourg Number of Immigrants: Male: France data was reported at 2,376.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,211.000 Person for 2016. Luxembourg Number of Immigrants: Male: France data is updated yearly, averaging 708.500 Person from Dec 1956 (Median) to 2017, with 62 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,376.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 261.000 Person in 1959. Luxembourg Number of Immigrants: Male: France data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Portal of Statistics of Luxembourg. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.G003: Number of Immigrants and Emigrants: by Sex.

Graph and download economic data for Net migration for France (SMPOPNETMFRA) from 1962 to 2017 about migration, France, Net, 5-year, and population.

Luxembourg Number of Immigrants: Female: France data was reported at 1,807.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,751.000 Person for 2016. Luxembourg Number of Immigrants: Female: France data is updated yearly, averaging 786.500 Person from Dec 1956 (Median) to 2017, with 62 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,807.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 431.000 Person in 1988. Luxembourg Number of Immigrants: Female: France data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Portal of Statistics of Luxembourg. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.G003: Number of Immigrants and Emigrants: by Sex.

Graph and download economic data for Net migration for French Polynesia (SMPOPNETMPYF) from 1962 to 2017 about French Polynesia, migration, Net, 5-year, and population.

Norway Immigration: Europe: France data was reported at 733.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 774.000 Person for 2016. Norway Immigration: Europe: France data is updated yearly, averaging 565.000 Person from Dec 1967 (Median) to 2017, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 953.000 Person in 2013 and a record low of 216.000 Person in 1967. Norway Immigration: Europe: France data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Norway. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.G006: Immigration: by Country.