This statistic shows the number of immigrants to British Columbia, Canada from 2000 to 2022. Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, there were 66,268 new immigrants to British Columbia.

Immigrant income, by sex, landing age group, immigrant admission category, period of immigration, family status and tax year, for British Columbia, 2015 constant dollars, annual (dollars unless otherwise noted).

This statistic shows the net number of interprovincial migrants in British Columbia from 2000 to 2023. Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, the number of people who left British Columbia to go to other provinces or territories, was higher than the number of people who came to British Columbia, indeed the net number of interprovincial migrants was -8,228.

Ontario was the province with the most immigrants in 2024, with 197,657 immigrants. Nunavut, Canada’s northernmost territory, had 56 immigrants arrive in the same period. Immigration to Canada Over the past 20 years, the number of immigrants to Canada has held steady and is just about evenly split between men and women. Asian countries dominate the list of leading countries of birth for foreign-born residents of Canada, although the United Kingdom, the United States, and Italy all make the list as well. Unemployment among immigrants In 2023, the unemployment rate for immigrants in Canada was highest among those who had been in the country for five years or less. The unemployment rate decreased the longer someone had been in Canada, and unemployment was lowest among those who had been in the country for more than ten years, coming more into line with the average unemployment rate for the whole of Canada.

Immigrant income, by world area, sex, immigrant admission category, education qualifications, knowledge of official languages and landing year, for British Columbia, tax year 2015, annual.

Income of immigrants, by sex, landing age group, immigrant admission category, period of immigration, family status and tax year, for British Columbia, 2015 constant dollars

Annual number of interprovincial migrants by province of origin and destination, Canada, provinces and territories.

Periods of migration shows how many people who entered Canada are currently residing in Gibsons, BC.

Income of immigrants, by world area, sex, immigrant admission category, education qualifications, knowledge of official languages and landing year for British Columbia, tax year 2015

Immigrant income, by sex, landing age group, immigrant admission category, years since landing and landing year, for British Columbia, 2015 constant dollars, annual.

Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by immigrant status and age group, last 5 years.

Data on the number of residential property owners, the assessment value of their property, their immigrant status, their period of immigration and their place of birth for the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia.

This statistic shows the total number of emigrants from Canada from 2000 to 2023. Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, approximately 94,576 people emigrated from Canada to another country. The majority of emigrants from Canada came from the province of Ontario, with British Columbia having the second largest number of any province.

Periods of migration shows how many people who entered Canada are currently residing in Ladysmith, BC.

Impacts of immigration on micro-evolution and population dynamics fundamentally depend on net rates and forms of resulting gene flow into recipient populations. Yet, the degrees to which observed rates and sex ratios of physical immigration translate into multi-generational genetic legacies have not been explicitly quantified in natural meta-populations, precluding inference on how movements translate into effective gene flow and eco-evolutionary outcomes. Our analyses of three decades of complete song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) pedigree data show that multi-generational genetic contributions from regular natural immigrants substantially exceeded those from contemporary natives, consistent with heterosis-enhanced introgression. Further, while contributions from female immigrants exceeded those from female natives by up to three-fold, male immigrants’ lineages typically went locally extinct soon after arriving. Both the overall magnitude, and the degree of female bias, of effective gene..., The data come from a long-term individual-based study of free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on Mandarte island, British Columbia, Canada., , # Data from: Multi-generation genetic contributions of immigrants reveal cryptic elevated and sex-biased effective gene flow within a natural meta-population

The dataset comprises R scripts and data required to reproduce the analyses presented in the manuscript: "Multi-generation genetic contributions of immigrants reveal cryptic elevated and sex-biased effective gene flow within a natural meta-population"

Authors: Jane M. Reid, Lisa Dickel, Lukas F. Keller, Pirmin Nietlisbach and Peter Arcese August 2023

Study population: Song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on X̱OX̱ DEȽ (English name Mandarte island), British Columbia, Canada, (latitude 48.6329°, longitude -123.2859°, 0.06 km²)

Files are summarised below R scripts are annotated to explain steps and definitions of all variables Code was written and used with R v4.2.1

Description of the data and file structure

There are two sets of files that allow the results and figures presented in the manuscript to be directly reproduced

Fi...

Data on the number of residential property owners, the assessment value of their properties, their immigrant status, their period of immigration and the number of properties they own for the provinces of Nova Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate map that shows 2 maps. The first map shows the origin of the population in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, circa 1911. The second map shows the origin of the population in British Columbia and Alberta, circa 1911A varying number of ethnic groups are shown, but always included are: English, Scotch [Scottish], Irish, French and German. People of British origin predominate in all provinces, except Quebec, where the French predominate. There is a cosmopolitan population due to immigration from Great Britain and Europe, but British are the predominating people in British Columbia and Alberta. Major railway systems are displayed, which extend into the U.S. The map presents the rectangular survey system, which records the land that is available to the public. This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.

Immigration into small recipient populations is expected to alleviate inbreeding and increase genetic variation, and hence facilitate population persistence through genetic and/or evolutionary rescue. Such expectations depend on three standard assumptions: that immigrants are outbred, unrelated to existing natives at arrival, and unrelated to each other. These assumptions are rarely explicitly verified, including in key field systems in evolutionary ecology. Yet, they could be violated due to non-random or repeated immigration from adjacent small populations. We combined molecular genetic marker data for 150-160 microsatellite loci with comprehensive pedigree data to test the three assumptions for a song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population that is a model system for quantifying effects of inbreeding and immigration in the wild. Immigrants were less homozygous than existing natives on average, with mean homozygosity that closely resembled outbred natives. Immigrants can therefore be considered outbred on the focal population scale. Comparisons of homozygosity of real or hypothetical offspring of immigrant-native, native-native and immigrant-immigrant pairings implied that immigrants were typically unrelated to existing natives and to each other. Indeed, immigrants’ offspring would be even less homozygous than outbred individuals on the focal population scale. The three standard assumptions of population genetic and evolutionary theory were consequently largely validated. Yet, our analyses revealed some deviations that should be accounted for in future analyses of heterosis and inbreeding depression, implying that the three assumptions should be verified in other systems to probe patterns of non-random or repeated dispersal and facilitate precise and unbiased estimation of key evolutionary parameters.

Methods Data for ‘Are immigrants outbred and unrelated? Testing standard assumptions in a wild metapopulation’ Dickel et al., Molecular Ecology, 2021

These data come from the long-term song sparrow field study on Mandarte Island, BC, Canada (latitude 48.6329°, longitude -123.2859°). The data provided here are sufficient to replicate the analyses presented in the above paper, and are therefore a restricted subset of the full Mandarte dataset.

Full methods of data assembly and analyses are in the main paper. See also Nietlisbach et al., 2017, Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

This dataset includes one dataset which was custom ordered from Statistics Canada.The table includes information on housing suitability and shelter-cost-to-income ratio by number of bedrooms, housing tenure, status of primary household maintainer, household type, and income quartile ranges for census subdivisions in British Columbia.

The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website:
https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only).
For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see:
http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf
https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide

Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and variables:

Geography:
Non-reserve CSDs in British Columbia - 299 geographies
The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released. All the geographies requested for this tabulation have been cleared for the release of income data and have a GNR under 50%.

Housing Tenure Including Presence of Mortgage (5)
1. Total – Private non-band non-farm off-reserve households with an income greater than zero by housing tenure
2. Households who own
3. With a mortgage1
4. Without a mortgage
5. Households who rent
Note: 1) Presence of mortgage - Refers to whether the owner households reported mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

2015 Before-tax Household Income Quartile Ranges (5)
1. Total – Private households by quartile ranges1, 2, 3
2. Count of households under or at quartile 1
3. Count of households between quartile 1 and quartile 2 (median) (including at quartile 2)
4. Count of households between quartile 2 (median) and quartile 3 (including at quartile 3)
5. Count of households over quartile 3
Notes: 1) A private household will be assigned to a quartile range depending on its CSD-level location and depending on its tenure (owned and rented). Quartile ranges for owned households in a specific CSD are delimited by the 2015 before-tax income quartiles of owned households with an income greater than zero and residing in non-farm off-reserve dwellings in that CSD. Quartile ranges for rented households in a specific CSD are delimited by the 2015 before-tax income quartiles of rented households with an income greater than zero and residing in non-farm off-reserve dwellings in that CSD.
2) For the income quartiles dollar values (the delimiters) please refer to Table 1.
3) Quartiles 1 to 3 are suppressed if the number of actual records used in the calculation (not rounded or weighted) is less than 16. For cases in which the renters’ quartiles or the owners’ quartiles (figures from Table 1) of a CSD are suppressed the CSD is assigned to a quartile range depending on the provincial renters’ or owners’ quartile figures.

Number of Bedrooms (Unit Size) (6)
1. Total – Private households by number of bedrooms1
2. 0 bedrooms (Bachelor/Studio)
3. 1 bedroom
4. 2 bedrooms
5. 3 bedrooms
6. 4 bedrooms
Note: 1) Dwellings with 5 bedrooms or more included in the total count only.

Housing Suitability (6)
1. Total - Housing suitability
2. Suitable
3. Not suitable
4. One bedroom shortfall
5. Two bedroom shortfall
6. Three or more bedroom shortfall
Note: 1) 'Housing suitability' refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.
'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.
Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Shelter-cost-to-income-ratio (4)
1. Total – Private non-band non-farm off-reserve households with an income greater than zero
2. Spending less than 30% of households total income on shelter costs
3. Spending 30% or more of households total income on shelter costs
4. Spending 50% or more of households total income on shelter costs
Note: 'Shelter-cost-to-income ratio' refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Household Statistics (8)
1. Total – Private non-band non-farm off-reserve households with an income greater than zero1
2. Average household income in 2015 ($)2
3. Median household income in 2015 ($)3
4. Quartile 1 of household income in 2015 ($)4
5. Quartile 2 (median) of household income in 2015 ($)4
6. Quartile 3 of household income in 2015 ($)4
7. Average monthly shelter costs ($)2,5
8. Median monthly shelter costs ($)3,5
Notes: 1) All households statistics are calculated based on the distribution of private households in non-farm off-reserve non-band occupied private dwellings with a before-tax household income greater than zero.
2) The average is suppressed if the number of actual records used in the calculation (not rounded or weighted) is less than 4.
3) The median is suppressed if the number of actual records used in the calculation (not rounded or weighted) is less than 8.
4) Quartiles 1 to 3 are suppressed if the number of actual records used in the calculation (not rounded or weighted) is less than 16.
5) Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Status of Primary Household Maintainer (11)
1. Total – Private households by Aboriginal identity of the primary household maintainer
2. PHM is Aboriginal2
3. PHM is not Aboriginal
4. Total – Private households by immigration status of the primary household maintainer
5. PHM is a non-immigrant3
6. PHM is an immigrant or a non-permanent resident
7. PHM is a non-permanent resident4
8. PHM is an immigrant5,6
9. Officially landed in Canada between 2011 and 2016 7
10. Officially landed in Canada between 2006 and 2010
11. Officially landed in Canada before 2006

Notes: 1) The Primary Household Maintainer is the first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity bill, and so on, for the dwelling.
In the case of a household where two or more people are listed as household maintainers, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer.
2) 'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.
3) 'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.
4) 'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.
5) 'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.
6) Immigrants may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.
7) Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Original file name: CRO0163850_CT.5 (BC_Cultural),ivt

The Province of B.C. offers services and programs that can help immigrants to settle into their new community and find work. New immigrants have access to free services at agencies across B.C. At a settlement agency, newcomers can learn English, learn how to find housing, enrol their children in school, and apply for government services. WelcomeBC's interactive online map allows the user to click on any settlement agency and access basic information -- such as the organization's name, address, business telephone number, service type, program name, and website URL. This information supports the Settlement Service Providers - Interactive Web Map.