To mitigate the impact of inflation in 2023, most business-to-business (B2B) buyers revised their relationships with key suppliers in France. According to a survey, nearly nine in ten B2B buyers tried to obtain better supplying conditions in order to generate operational savings. As an alternative, 87 percent of surveyed buyers simply looked for other suppliers offering better options. Last in the ranking came tasks automation, as 61 percent of respondents considered this action effective in facing the inflationary crisis.

Description: This dataset provides a comprehensive overview of monthly inflation rates in Nigeria from March 2003 to June 2024, alongside key economic indicators such as crude oil prices, production levels, and various Consumer Price Index (CPI) components. The data captures important economic trends and is suitable for time series analysis, forecasting, and economic modeling.

The dataset includes the following features:

Inflation Rate: The monthly inflation rate in Nigeria, reflecting the change in consumer prices.

Crude Oil Price: The monthly average price of crude oil, which plays a significant role in Nigeria's economy.

Production and Export: Monthly crude oil production and export figures, representing key components of Nigeria's GDP.

CPI Components: Detailed breakdown of the Consumer Price Index, including food, energy, health, transport, communication, and education.

This dataset is ideal for economists, data scientists, and analysts interested in exploring the dynamics of inflation in a developing economy heavily influenced by oil prices and production. Potential applications include inflation forecasting, economic policy analysis, and studying the impact of global oil prices on domestic inflation.

Indonesia Business Survey: Inflation Expectation: Total data was reported at 3.534 % in Dec 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.423 % for Sep 2022. Indonesia Business Survey: Inflation Expectation: Total data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.537 % from Jun 2013 (Median) to Dec 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.864 % in Dec 2013 and a record low of 2.822 % in Dec 2021. Indonesia Business Survey: Inflation Expectation: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table ID.SD008: Business Survey: Inflation Expectation. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

In 2023, a survey found that to mitigate the effects of inflation, a significant proportion of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) had to resort to different strategies. A share of 36 percent of them utilized their personal savings to support the business, while 32 percent reduced their business activities. In addition, nearly one-fourth (23 percent) attempted to overcome the financial strain by implementing measures such as employee layoffs or salary cuts.

United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data was reported at 40.831 % in Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 49.521 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 46.598 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.557 % in Aug 2022 and a record low of 34.978 % in Aug 2020. United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I122: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?

Explore the impact of inflation in Japan on living costs, with households and businesses facing increasing financial pressures amid rising prices for essentials.

Professionals from Italian e-commerce players faced inflation's impact on their business. A survey from early 2023 showed that about four in ten companies had decreased margins to keep similar prices, whereas 31 percent of surveyed professionals stated their companies maintained similar prices but reduced discounts.

United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Strong Downward Influence data was reported at 5.350 % in Nov 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.872 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Strong Downward Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 2.161 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.554 % in Aug 2020 and a record low of 0.256 % in May 2014. United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Strong Downward Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I119: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?

United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Moderate Downward Influence data was reported at 24.137 % in Nov 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.780 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Moderate Downward Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 13.538 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.147 % in Aug 2020 and a record low of 5.821 % in Feb 2022. United States BIE: Sales Level Effect on Price: Moderate Downward Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I122: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?

For 2024, cyber incidents were a leading business risk to companies of all sizes globally according to risk management experts worldwide. Some industries are more prone to cyberattacks than others. For instance, manufacturing was the most targeted industry globally by ransomware incidents in 2023. Meanwhile, the number of cyber incidents in the financial sector increased in recent years. How does cybercrime jeopardize businesses? Cyber incidents pose a multitude of risks to businesses across various aspects. Financially, they can result in direct losses through theft, ransom payments, or disruptions in operations, which affect revenue streams and stability. Between 2001 and 2023, the monetary damage from cybercrime in the United States rose from 17.8 million U.S. dollars to a staggering 12.5 billion dollars. What challenges do businesses face due to inflation? Inflation poses numerous challenges to organizations, affecting consumer spending, interest rates, driving up operational expenses, and creating uncertainty in strategic planning. Rising prices frequently result in increased costs for raw materials and wages, thereby reducing profit margins. Throughout much of the 2010s, inflation was consistently low, especially between 2013 and 2020, when it fluctuated between 2.7 and 3.6 percent. However, the annual global inflation rate peaked in 2022, at 8.71 percent, and is expected to decline in the following years. This heightened inflation was a sign that the global economy was undergoing a period of great uncertainty, which made it more expensive to do business.

United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data was reported at 65.816 % in Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 69.331 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 68.010 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.949 % in Nov 2018 and a record low of 60.350 % in Nov 2014. United States BIE: Productivity Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I122: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?

We study the cyclical properties of sales, regular price changes, and average prices paid by consumers ("effective" prices) using data on prices and quantities sold for numerous retailers across many US metropolitan areas. Inflation in the effective prices paid by consumers declines significantly with higher unemployment while little change occurs in the inflation rate of prices posted by retailers. This difference reflects the reallocation of household expenditures across retailers, a feature of the data which we document and quantify, rather than sales. We propose a simple model with household store-switching and assess its implications for business cycles and policymakers. (JEL D12, E31, E32, L25, L81)

The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and March 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

An article by Chan et al. (2013) published in the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics introduces a new model for trend inflation. They allow the trend inflation to evolve according to a bounded random walk. In order to draw the latent states from their respective conditional posteriors, they use accept-reject Metropolis-Hastings procedures. We reproduce their results using particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC), which approaches drawing the latent states from a different technical point of view by relying on combining Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods. To conclude: we are able to reproduce the results of Chan et al. (2013).

The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland provides daily “nowcasts” of inflation for two popular price indexes, the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These nowcasts give a sense of where inflation is today. Released each business day.

President Trump's tariffs on China have disrupted American businesses, causing price hikes and economic uncertainty. Learn about the impact on the promotional products market and broader economic indicators.

These codes help to replicate all the empirical analysis in the article: “What explains monetary policy rate uncertainty? Evidence from the Americas”, Applied Economics Letters (revise and resubmit), authored by Ana Aguilar, Carlos Madeira, Alejandro Parada, Christian Upper (Bank for International Settlements).

The Stata codes use Consensus Economics monthly survey reports with forecasts for countries in the Americas. These forecasts were collected as a Stata dataset, but the files cannot be shared due to copyright concerns. Future users must collect their own Consensus Forecasts data and then use these codes to replicate the empirical analysis of the article.

The data also includes an online appendix with robustness exercises to the main article. These robustness exercises estimate the same uncertainty models, but without the past quarter's inflation rate and GDP growth as additional controls. The results are qualitatively similar to the main article.

United States BIE: Labour Cost Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data was reported at 13.035 % in Nov 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.833 % for Aug 2023. United States BIE: Labour Cost Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data is updated quarterly, averaging 27.222 % from Nov 2011 (Median) to Nov 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48.121 % in Feb 2012 and a record low of 10.256 % in May 2022. United States BIE: Labour Cost Effect on Price: Little or Number Influence data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I122: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change. Business Inflation Expectations Survey Questionnaire: Projecting ahead over the next 12 months, how do you think the following five common influences will affect the prices of your products and/or services?

This statistic shows the average inflation rate in Chile from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the average inflation rate in Chile had amounted to about 3.93 percent compared to the previous year. Chile's slowing economy The inflation rate in Chile has fluctuated from a low of 1.41 percent in 2010 to a high of 4.39 percent as of 2014. Despite the central bank having issued a target inflation rate of 3 percent, it was not reached in 2014, 2015 or 2016, defying expectations. Rising inflation is said to be affected by a weakening peso, combined with a relatively weak economy. While these inflation rates are not nearly comparable to some of the highest inflation rates around the world, slow growth and a lack of consumer and business confidence remain an underlying concern in Chile. Annual economic growth remains low at around two percent per year, fueling this concern. Further, export values are also in a slump as are those for imports, and this slow growth has had a significant effect on GDP growth per capita: In 2013, GDP per capita was around 15,713 U.S. dollars per capita, and in 2016 it is expected to drop by almost a fifth. In response, this year Chile has introduced a number of measures to help boost the economy, and 2016 is supposed to be the “Year of Productivity” with hopes of increasing trade and investment to raise growth and wages.

The UK inflation rate was 3.5 percent in April 2025, up from 2.6 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since February 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.