In 2023, the consumer price index (CPI) of pharmaceutical products in the United Kingdom (UK) was measured at 126. The CPI is designed to measure changes in the prices of goods that consumers buy. The year 2015 is used as the base year for calculations and therefore the index in this year measures 100.

UK OTC medication market

The sales value of the British over-the-counter (OTC) medicines market has generally increased since 2000, amounting to a worth of approximately 3.2 billion British pounds in 2023, around one billion British pounds more than the value in 2011. The category with the highest sales value among OTC medication in 2023 was pain relief which accounted for nearly 750 million British pounds worth of sales.

Prescribed medication

At the same time as the OTC market has been growing, the number of prescription items dispensed also increased during this period. In 2022/23, the number of items dispensed in England showed a record high of 1.08 billion. The average number of prescription items dispensed per month at pharmacies in England came to nearly seven thousand in 2022/23.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing (PCU325412325412) from Jun 1981 to Feb 2025 about pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Pharmaceutical CXO market size will be USD XX million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The CRO category is the fastest growing segment of the Pharmaceutical CXO industry

Market Dynamics of Pharmaceutical CXO Market

Key Drivers for Pharmaceutical CXO Market

Growing Demand for Biologics and Specialty Drugs to Boost Market Growth

The increasing development and production of biologics, including biosimilars, has significantly boosted the demand for specialized Contract Manufacturing Organization (CMO) services. Recent data reveals that therapeutic areas with biosimilars introduced in the past three years see an average market share of 75%. In contrast, therapeutic areas with biosimilars launched before 2019 have experienced a lower average market share of 39% over three years. In the U.S., the presence of biosimilars has led to substantial savings in drug expenditures, with an estimated $21 billion saved over the past six years due to biosimilar competition. For just the second quarter of 2022, the savings in drug spending reached approximately $3.2 billion. Both the EU and U.S. markets account for 90% of cumulative biosimilar usage, measured by sales. These trends underscore the growing demand for advanced manufacturing technologies and expertise required to produce complex biologic drugs. As a result, the global Pharmaceutical CxO market is expected to see increased growth. The rise in biosimilars drives the need for CMOs with specialized capabilities to handle the complexities of biologic production, thus creating significant opportunities for growth and expansion in the CxO sector.

Increasing Drug Development Costs and Complexity to Drive Market Growth

The cost of developing new drugs has significantly increased due to the growing complexity of drug development and rigorous regulatory demands. In 2019, the pharmaceutical industry invested $83 billion in research and development (R&D). When adjusted for inflation, this figure is approximately ten times higher than the annual R&D spending of the 1980s. During the twelve months from July 2021 to July 2022, 1,216 products saw price increases that surpassed the inflation rate of 8.5% for that period. On average, the price of these drugs rose by 31.6%. In some cases, drug prices surged by over $20,000, representing a dramatic increase of up to 500%. To manage these escalating costs, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly relying on Contract Research Organizations (CROs) and Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs). These organizations provide specialized expertise and advanced technologies that streamline the drug development process, helping to reduce both costs and time-to-market.

Restraint Factor for the Pharmaceutical CXO Market

Regulatory and Compliance Challenges Will Limit Market Growth

The pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated, and compliance with global and regional regulations can be complex and costly. CROs and CMOs must navigate various regulatory requirements across different markets, which can lead to delays and increased operational costs. Regulatory standards are constantly evolving, and staying compliant with these changes requires continuous updates to processes and systems, adding to operational complexity and costs. Ensuring consistent quality across different CROs and CMOs can be challenging. Variability in quality standards and practices among service provi...

In 2024, consumer inflation in China was comparatively low for a broad range of products and services. Falling prices for transportation and communication further pushed down overall inflation. The average annual consumer price inflation rate in China ranged at about 0.2 percent in 2024. Sectoral price developments in China China is a country with a comparatively low and stable inflation rate. This is obvious in comparison to other BRICS countries and is related to China’s low domestic producer prices and the country’s position as a global manufacturing base. However, due to its close connections to the world market, sectoral price changes in China are very much connected to global developments. During 2024, consumer prices were mainly driven by price increases for healthcare and medical services, recreation and education, as well as miscellaneous items and services. At the same time, transportation and communication prices dropped considerably. Regional inflation rates Over the last decade, the economic development in China has spread from the more advanced coastal regions to the countryside. As a result, prices in rural areas often increased relatively faster than in the cities, although from a significantly lower level. This trend was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, with regional inflation rates often rising faster in more developed regions.

In fiscal year 2024, the Wholesale Price Index for pharmaceuticals, medicinal, chemical and botanical products across India was nearly 143, indicating that the prices had increased by about 36 percent from the base year of 2012.

Generic pharmaceuticals account for nearly three-fourths of all prescription drugs dispensed yearly in Canada. Generic pharmaceutical manufacturers are critical to this supply and have an invaluable role in public health and saving patients and insurers millions. Rapid population growth, rising incomes and a growing population of over 65 in Canada in recent years have also contributed to jumps in prescription spending. Despite this importance, the industry's revenue growth hinges on federal and provincial pricing policies, brand name patent expirations and competition from imports and other domestic manufacturers. In the last five years, revenue has dropped at a CAGR of 4.6% to an estimated $3.0 billion, with an expected growth of 1.1% in 2025. Growing pricing pressures have been one of the largest challenges faced by generic manufacturers for over a decade. Many measures regulate what generic pharma producers can charge for drugs, with the exact cost of a generic dependent on how many different companies are selling similar options. These stringent pricing policies have made it extremely difficult for manufacturers to efficiently manage cost pressures, like recent inflation, labour challenges and other operational pressures. While pricing policies have slightly adjusted to account for inflation, generic pharma producers link a lack of flexibility to raise prices to lower profit. Canada's use of generic prescription drugs will remain strong, but some challenges could hurt manufacturers' ability to strengthen profit. Competitive pressures from regulatory bodies, branded competitors and lower-cost imports could weaken profit. Still, an upcoming patent cliff will create opportunities for generic manufacturers, allowing them to introduce new unbranded drugs. Regulatory support will be crucial to reduce import reliance and shorten supply chains, potentially through tax incentives, subsidies and streamlined pathways to expand local manufacturing. A major area of influence is the fate of the CUSMA, and whether or not President Trump will withdraw from the agreement and impose 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico. The proposal introduces massive uncertainties for the economies of all three countries and substantial disruptions to established supply chains. While the situation is evolving, manufacturers are responding by seeking alternative trade partnerships or enhancing existing relationships with other countries to mitigate these risks. Revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 1.5% to an estimated $3.2 billion over the next five years.

The inflation rate in the health sector of the United Kingdom was 5.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024, which was above the overall inflation rate for that quarter.

The statistic depicts the average inflation rate in Mexico from 1987 to 2022, with projections up until 2029. The inflation rate measures price changes for a fixed basket of goods which includes a representative selection of goods and services. In 2022, Mexico's average inflation rate was around 7.9 percent compared to the previous year.

Mexico’s economy

Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been increasing slightly over the last decade, however, its national debt still amounts to almost half of its GDP. The majority of Mexico’s GDP is yielded by the services sector, as a look at the distribution of gross domestic product in Mexico by sector shows. More than 60 percent of GDP are generated in this sector; the majority of the Mexican workforce is employed in services. One important contributor to Mexico’s GDP is tourism. The total unemployment rate in Mexico took a turn for the worse during the recession of 2008 and is still to bounce back to previous levels.

Mexico’s main export and import partner is the United States which accounts for approximately half of the value of both. Thus, the trade balance of goods in Mexico, showing the value of exports minus the value of imports, is heavily dependant on the United States. For the past decade, Mexico’s trade balance has run at a deficit of more than 10 billion US dollars. The trade balance of services sector in Mexico has also been in the red with a deficit of more than 6 percent since the recession and higher than 9 percent since 2011.

Mexico is also one of the largest drug exporting countries worldwide. Specific trade figures are not available, however, Mexico is among the top countries for opium cultivation based on acreage, and thousands of illegal poppy fields, processed into opium, have been destroyed in Mexico year after year.

Inflation Rate in Egypt decreased to 12.80 percent in February from 24 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Egypt Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Tariffs have long been central tool in global trade policy. Learn how tariffs affect critical US industries, and how businesses are navigating their impacts.

The Consumer price index (CPI) all households, calculated by Statistics Netherlands, measures the average price changes of goods and services purchased by households. The index is an important criterion for inflation, frequently used by trade and industry, employers' organisations, trade unions and government. The index is for instance, used to make adjustments to wages, tax tablesand index-linked rent increases, annuities, etc. Data available from: January 1996 till December 2015 Status of the figures: The figures in this table are final. Changes as of 18 May 2016: None, this table is stopped. Changes from 7 January 2016: New figures added. Changes from 10 December 2015: On 1 October 2015, the points system for the pricing of rental homes was adjusted by the Dutch national government. As a direct consequence, rental prices of a limited number of dwellings were reduced, which had a downward effect on the average rental price. The effect of this decrease on the rental price indices and imputed rent value could not be determined in time because housing associations announced the impact of rent adjustments only in November. For this reason, the figures of the groups 04100 ‘Actual rentals for housing’ and 04200 ‘Imputed rent value’ over October 2015 have now been adjusted. The figures of the groups 061100 ‘Pharmaceutical products’, 061200 ‘Other medical products, equipment’, 072200 ‘Fuels and lubricants’ and 083000 ‘Telephone and internet services’ over the months June through September 2015 have been corrected. This has no impact on the headline indices. The derived CPI decreased by 0.01 index point over August 2015. When will new figures be published? Not applicable. This table is succeeded by Consumer prices; price index 2015=100. See paragraph 3.

Demographic trends play a major role in shaping the healthcare landscape, as economic factors and an aging population contribute to fast-rising healthcare spending. While consumers are spending more on healthcare services in the US, healthcare providers are confronting complex challenges related to labor, competition and tech advances. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed healthcare and social assistance providers to unprecedented financial and operational pressures, with the lasting impacts still shaping every corner of the sector in 2024. Providers continue to grapple with workforce shortages intensified by the pandemic, resulting in ongoing staffing and recruitment challenges that pressure wage growth and new strategies to recruit and retain. At the same time, consolidation activity is reshaping the healthcare landscape, with more patients than ever receiving care from massive, integrated health systems rather than independent ones. Meanwhile, social assistance providers are finding it difficult to meet rising demand. Despite this challenging operating environment, revenue has been expanding at a CAGR of 3.1% to an estimated $4.1 trillion over the past five years, with revenue rising an expected 3.2% in 2025. Healthcare and social assistance providers are struggling to address staffing challenges. The pandemic exacerbated existing staffing shortages, as the physical and mental toll of the pandemic pushed some to leave the sector entirely. Persistent labor shortages jeopardize healthcare and social assistance providers' ability to address demand, creating widespread staff burnout, high turnover rates and wage inflation. While the health sector labor market began stabilizing in 2024, alleviating wage pressures, an undersized workforce still leaves hundreds of thousands of jobs open. Statewide and federal initiatives have been enacted to direct investment into building a more robust workforce. Demographic trends will continue to be the driving force behind rising healthcare spending moving forward. However, increasing demand and elevated costs will pressure healthcare and social assistance providers to shift how they operate. Some regulatory measures, like the Inflation Reduction Act, could mitigate rising costs in some areas, specifically pharmaceuticals. Consolidation activity will ramp up as smaller providers join larger health groups to secure larger insurer reimbursements through negotiating power. Digital tools and telehealth will become central in healthcare delivery because of their ability to lower costs, increase capacity, bridge health inequities and improve patient outcomes. In all, sector revenue will grow at a CAGR of 2.6% to reach an estimated $4.7 trillion over the next five years.

Hospitals play a critical role in healthcare, offering specialized treatments and emergency services essential for public health, regardless of economic fluctuations or individuals' financial situations. Rising incomes and broader access to insurance have fueled demand for care in recent years, supporting hospitals' post-pandemic recovery initiated by federal policies and funding. The recovery for many hospitals was also promoted by mergers that lessened financial strains, especially in rural hospitals. This trend toward consolidation has resulted in fewer enterprises relative to establishments, enhancing hospitals' bargaining power regarding input costs and insurance reimbursements. With this improved position, hospitals are expected to see revenue climb at a CAGR of 2.0%, reaching $1.5 trillion by 2025, with a 3.2% increase in 2025 alone. Competition, economic conditions and regulatory changes will impact hospitals based on size and location. Smaller hospitals, particularly rural ones, may encounter more significant obstacles as the industry transitions from fee-based to value-based care. Independent hospitals face wage inflation, staffing shortages and drug supply costs. Although state and federal policies aim to support small rural hospitals in addressing hospital deserts, uncertainties linger over federal Medicare funding and Medicaid reimbursements, which account for nearly half of hospital care spending. Even so, increasing per capita disposable income and increasing the number of individuals with private insurance will boost revenues from private insurers and out-of-pocket payments for all hospitals, big and small. Hospitals will continue incorporating technological advancements in AI, telemedicine and wearables to enhance their services and reduce cost. These technologies aid hospital systems in strategically expanding outpatient services, mitigating the increasing competitive pressures from Ambulatory Surgery Centers (ASCs) and capitalizing on the increased needs of an aging adult population and shifts in healthcare delivery preferences. As the consolidation trend advances and technology adoption further leverages economies of scale, industry revenue is expected to strengthen at a CAGR of 2.4%, reaching $1.7 trillion by 2030, with steady profit over the period.

Astrazeneca was the leading pharmaceutical company in the United Kingdom as of March 7, 2024, with a market capitalization amounting to approximately 202.4 billion U.S. dollars. GlaxoSmithKline followed as the second largest pharma company in the country, with market capitalization of nearly 86.7 billion U.S. dollars. Examining the development of the FTSE 100 Index, which was launched in January 1984 with a base level of 1,000, increased by more than sevenfold to date. What is the FTSE 100 index? The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, commonly known as the "Footsie", is the most widely recognized stock market index in the United Kingdom. It is made up of the 100 largest blue-chip companies on the London Stock Exchange. Companies from various sectors, such as healthcare, consumer goods, and energy, are included in the index, as are leading banks of the United Kingdom, such as HSBC, Lloyds Banking Group, and Barclays. Moreover, it can be seen as a reflection of the investment climate in the United Kingdom. What is not included in the FTSE 100 Index? Most notably, the FTSE 100 Index, like most indices, is not adjusted for inflation. While inflation in the United Kingdom has gone down dramatically since 2023, it might be useful to adjust the historic figures on the index when comparing historic data to current levels. This is especially important when the index seems to have increased by a few percentage points because inflation may have increased at a faster rate than stock prices.