The main stock market index in the United States (US500) decreased 176 points or 2.99% since the beginning of 2025, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United States. United States Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

The Covid-19 pandemic saw growth fall by 2.2 percent, compared with an increase of 2.5 percent the year before. The last time the real GDP growth rates fell by a similar level was during the Great Recession in 2009, and the only other time since the Second World War where real GDP fell by more than one percent was in the early 1980s recession. The given records began following the Wall Street Crash in 1929, and GDP growth fluctuated greatly between the Great Depression and the 1950s, before growth became more consistent.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the United States was worth 27720.71 billion US dollars in 2023, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of the United States represents 26.29 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides - United States GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This study aims at an empirical verification of the historical importance of the German railways on the basis of new quantitative data with respect to the development of the transport system. In this process, older sources which had been widely neglected have been utilised and regrouped.
Within the scope of a leading sector analysis, this study focuses on the mechanism of a continuos industrialisation within the railway sector using the example of Germany. Thereby the theoretical conceptions concerning the economic growth constitute a suitable analytic frame to derive the systematic background for the collection and presentation of the quantitative data materials on the German railway sector. In this respect, the choice of quantifying variables aims at a selective verification of relevant facts in connection with growth-related theories. In conclusion, the author explains the Industrial Revolution in Germany as a growth process fuelled by individual sectors. “The highest aim should consist in a synthesis of economic theories and history in order to allow historians, on the other hand, to gain a deeper insight into the course of the Industrial Revolution in Germany resulting from explicit research objectives and hypotheses; on the other hand, a thorough re-examination of certain hypothesises which have not been proved empirically should enable and incite theoretical researchers studying national economies to deliver newly revised analyses in this field.” (Fremdling [1985], S. 1). By means of a connection between explicit questions and hypotheses gained from economic theory and the above-named systematically compiled data, this study examines the contribution of the railway sector to the industrialisation of Germany, e.g. the importance of the passenger traffic, the enormous expansion of the railway net in the course of the 1840s, and the strong impact of the railway industry on the national economy. Indeed, these factors resulted in the fact that – according to Rainer Fremdling’s findings – the contribution of the railway construction to the development of the heavy industry in Germany has been far greater than e.g. in Great Britain or the US. Furthermore, this study pursues the important question about the importance of the governmental influence concerning the industrialisation in Germany. For instance, the study reveals the fact that military conceptions concerning the expansion of the railway net were definitely only of minor importance. Quite on the contrary, the study clarifies that governmental interventions were more or less an obstacle to the development and extension of the railway system in its founding phase. Among others, Fremdling’s study contains the following important conclusions: (a) The Industrial Revolution in Germany should be considered as a growth process in accordance with the development pattern of the so-called “unbalanced growth” with the railway system as a primary growth factor. (b) In Germany, the railway system has to be regarded as a “ground-breaking” force to boost the economic growth in the 19th century. Topics: List of data tables within the HISTAT research and download system: 01. Average annual growth rates of the output of the German railways (1841-1913) 02. Passenger services and goods traffic as carried out by the German and Prussian railways (1840-1879) 03. Goods traffic carried out by the German railways (1880-1913) 04. The passenger transport by German railways (1880-1913) 05. Profits resulting from the passenger and goods traffic by the German and Prussian railways (1840-1879) 06. Proportion of the employees in the railway sector (construction and operation) as compared to the national economy, and in comparison to the other sectors in Germany (1849-1879) 07. Work force and their income in the German railway services (1840-1879) 08. Work force and their income in the Prussian railway services (1840-1879) 09. Proportion of the value creation in the railway sector as compared to the German national economy/trade and industry (1850-1879) 10. Value creation of German and Prussian railways at the respective contemporary prices (1840-1879) 11. The capital stock of the German and Prussian railways as compared to the related purchase prices (investment capital) between 1840 and 1879 12. Capital stock as compared to the purchase prices (investment capital) and work force of the German railway system (1880-1913) 13. Proportion of the capital stock of the railway services at purchase prices as compared to the national economy/trade and industry (1850-1913) 14. The net investment of the German and Prussian railways at the respective contemporary prices (1841-1879) 14. The expenditure of the German and Prussian railways at the respective contemporary prices (1841-1879) 16. Proportion of the net investment of the railway sector as compared to the national economy/trade and industry in Germany (1851-1879) 17. Productivity, output, and input of the German railway services...

Throughout the 1920s, prices on the U.S. stock exchange rose exponentially, however, by the end of the decade, uncontrolled growth and a stock market propped up by speculation and borrowed money proved unsustainable, resulting in the Wall Street Crash of October 1929. This set a chain of events in motion that led to economic collapse - banks demanded repayment of debts, the property market crashed, and people stopped spending as unemployment rose. Within a year the country was in the midst of an economic depression, and the economy continued on a downward trend until late-1932.

It was during this time where Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president, and he assumed office in March 1933 - through a series of economic reforms and New Deal policies, the economy began to recover. Stock prices fluctuated at more sustainable levels over the next decades, and developments were in line with overall economic development, rather than the uncontrolled growth seen in the 1920s. Overall, it took over 25 years for the Dow Jones value to reach its pre-Crash peak.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Commercial Energy Products was 2.85% in February of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Commercial Energy Products reached a record high of 2.91 in January of 2025 and a record low of 1.43 in January of 1972. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Commercial Energy Products - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

In 1938, the year before the Second World War, the United States had, by far, the largest economy in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The five Allied Great Powers that emerged victorious from the war, along with the three Axis Tripartite Pact countries that were ultimately defeated made up the eight largest independent economies in 1938.

When values are converted into 1990 international dollars, the U.S. GDP was over 800 billion dollars in 1938, which was more than double that of the second largest economy, the Soviet Union. Even the combined economies of the UK, its dominions, and colonies had a value of just over 680 billion 1990 dollars, showing that the United States had established itself as the world's leading economy during the interwar period (despite the Great Depression).

Interestingly, the British and Dutch colonies had larger combined GDPs than their respective metropoles, which was a key motivator for the Japanese invasion of these territories in East Asia during the war. Trade with neutral and non-belligerent countries also contributed greatly to the economic development of Allied and Axis powers throughout the war; for example, natural resources from Latin America were essential to the American war effort, while German manufacturing was often dependent on Swedish iron supplies.

Imports: Price: Transformation Industry: Essential Oils, Perfume and Flavor Materials data was reported at 22,080.178 USD/Ton in 16 Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22,852.950 USD/Ton for 09 Mar 2025. Imports: Price: Transformation Industry: Essential Oils, Perfume and Flavor Materials data is updated daily, averaging 18,090.809 USD/Ton from Mar 2019 (Median) to 16 Mar 2025, with 256 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,467.405 USD/Ton in 11 Jun 2023 and a record low of 11,355.237 USD/Ton in 10 May 2020. Imports: Price: Transformation Industry: Essential Oils, Perfume and Flavor Materials data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.JAA010: Imports: Economic Activity: Product: Price.

The European Recovery Program, more commonly known as the Marshall Plan, was a U.S. initiative to promote Europe's economic recovery in the aftermath of the Second World War. Between 1948 and 1952, the U.S. distributed approximately 13.3 billion U.S. dollars between the non-communist states of Western Europe, including Greece and Turkey. Notable exceptions from this aid were Spain, due to Franco's unpopularity in the U.S. (although this changed with the Pact of Madrid in 1953), and Finland, who opted out as they did not want to strain relations with the Soviet Union. While money was roughly split between nations based on population size, larger, industrialized countries received a disproportionately higher share of the aid as it was believed their success would trickle down to smaller states. Economic insignificance? The term "Marshall Plan" has become something of a synonym for economic recovery plans in recent decades, yet the modern consensus is that the economic impact of the original was fairly overstated at the time. This investment of capital did help, but European recovery was well underway before the first installments were paid by the U.S, and it was European integration which laid the groundwork for recovery. Unlike the period following the First World War, the victorious powers had learned that cooperation between former adversaries, rather than punishment and reparations, would be the key to future success. It was the ideological influence of the Marshall Plan had the largest impact; Western European business structures became more Americanized, international trade barriers and tariffs were removed, and the transition to more capitalist economies eventually led to the most prosperous period ever recorded in European history, known as the "Golden Age" (1950-1973). The Molotov Plan The initial proposal, made by George C. Marshall, actually invited the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc states to take part in the offer, although this was a token gesture that U.S. knew would never be accepted. The Marshall Plan was announced in June 1947, just a few months after the Truman Doctrine; this was where the U.S. pledged to contain communist expansion across the globe, and is often regarded as the beginning of the Cold War. Not only did the Soviet Union reject the U.S. proposal, but Moscow also forbade any other Eastern Bloc country from taking part; instead the Soviets launched the Molotov Plan, which consolidated their economic power in the Eastern Bloc. While this plan initially rewarded Poland and Czechoslovakia for rejecting Americanization, the heavy reparations placed on the Axis powers meant that it was of little benefit to the likes of East Germany, Hungary, or Romania. Nonetheless, as the Marshall Plan changed the economic direction of Western Europe throughout the Cold War, the Molotov Plan helped shape communist economic development in the East. Eventually both plans developed into much larger endeavors, as the Mutual Security Act of 1951 saw American economic influence stretch beyond Europe, and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) did the same for the Soviet Union.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Equipment: Industrial and Other Equipment was 5.09% in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Equipment: Industrial and Other Equipment reached a record high of 7.24 in December of 1974 and a record low of 4.66 in November of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Equipment: Industrial and Other Equipment - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Non-Energy Materials for Finished Goods Producers was 9.16% in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Non-Energy Materials for Finished Goods Producers reached a record high of 17.16 in May of 1995 and a record low of 8.67 in June of 2022. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Non-Energy Materials for Finished Goods Producers - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Non-Durable Goods Materials was 10.52% in February of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Non-Durable Goods Materials reached a record high of 14.05 in March of 1974 and a record low of 9.72 in May of 2014. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Non-Durable Goods Materials - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Manufacturing Excluding Motor Vehicles and Parts was 69.08% in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Manufacturing Excluding Motor Vehicles and Parts reached a record high of 81.04 in July of 1998 and a record low of 64.15 in May of 2014. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Manufacturing Excluding Motor Vehicles and Parts - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Durable Consumer Goods: Autos and Trucks, Consumer was 1.60% in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Durable Consumer Goods: Autos and Trucks, Consumer reached a record high of 3.17 in July of 2003 and a record low of 0.02 in April of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Durable Consumer Goods: Autos and Trucks, Consumer - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Total Excluding Computers, Communications Equipment, and Semiconductors was 98.10% in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Total Excluding Computers, Communications Equipment, and Semiconductors reached a record high of 98.17 in May of 2022 and a record low of 91.34 in July of 1999. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Total Excluding Computers, Communications Equipment, and Semiconductors - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

Portugal - GDP and main components: Imports of services was EUR4856.00 Million in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Portugal - GDP and main components: Imports of services - last updated from the EUROSTAT on March of 2025. Historically, Portugal - GDP and main components: Imports of services reached a record high of EUR5078.20 Million in June of 2024 and a record low of EUR1706.40 Million in March of 1996.

France - GDP and main components: External balance of goods and services was EUR-1351.30 Million in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for France - GDP and main components: External balance of goods and services - last updated from the EUROSTAT on March of 2025. Historically, France - GDP and main components: External balance of goods and services reached a record high of EUR12003.60 Million in June of 1997 and a record low of EUR-23980.00 Million in September of 2022.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Durable Goods Materials: Basic Metals was 2.81% in February of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Durable Goods Materials: Basic Metals reached a record high of 5.90 in June of 1974 and a record low of 1.94 in June of 2009. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Durable Goods Materials: Basic Metals - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Manufacturing: Durable Goods: Other Wood Product (NAICS = 3219) was 0.82% in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Manufacturing: Durable Goods: Other Wood Product (NAICS = 3219) reached a record high of 1.02 in November of 1972 and a record low of 0.46 in January of 2011. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Relative Importance Weights (Contribution to the Total Industrial Production Index): Manufacturing: Durable Goods: Other Wood Product (NAICS = 3219) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.