This report discusses some problems that can arise when attempting to import PostScript images into R, when the PostScript image contains coordinate transformations that skew the image. There is a description of some new features in the ‘grImport’ package for R that allow these sorts of images to be imported into R successfully.

This book is written for statisticians, data analysts, programmers, researchers, teachers, students, professionals, and general consumers on how to perform different types of statistical data analysis for research purposes using the R programming language. R is an open-source software and object-oriented programming language with a development environment (IDE) called RStudio for computing statistics and graphical displays through data manipulation, modelling, and calculation. R packages and supported libraries provides a wide range of functions for programming and analyzing of data. Unlike many of the existing statistical softwares, R has the added benefit of allowing the users to write more efficient codes by using command-line scripting and vectors. It has several built-in functions and libraries that are extensible and allows the users to define their own (customized) functions on how they expect the program to behave while handling the data, which can also be stored in the simple object system.For all intents and purposes, this book serves as both textbook and manual for R statistics particularly in academic research, data analytics, and computer programming targeted to help inform and guide the work of the R users or statisticians. It provides information about different types of statistical data analysis and methods, and the best scenarios for use of each case in R. It gives a hands-on step-by-step practical guide on how to identify and conduct the different parametric and non-parametric procedures. This includes a description of the different conditions or assumptions that are necessary for performing the various statistical methods or tests, and how to understand the results of the methods. The book also covers the different data formats and sources, and how to test for reliability and validity of the available datasets. Different research experiments, case scenarios and examples are explained in this book. It is the first book to provide a comprehensive description and step-by-step practical hands-on guide to carrying out the different types of statistical analysis in R particularly for research purposes with examples. Ranging from how to import and store datasets in R as Objects, how to code and call the methods or functions for manipulating the datasets or objects, factorization, and vectorization, to better reasoning, interpretation, and storage of the results for future use, and graphical visualizations and representations. Thus, congruence of Statistics and Computer programming for Research.

Find details of R And R Export Import Specialities Buyer/importer data in US (United States) with product description, price, shipment date, quantity, imported products list, major us ports name, overseas suppliers/exporters name etc. at sear.co.in.

Video on importing data into R from the Research Experiences in Microbiomes Network

This module series covers how to import, manipulate, format and plot time series data stored in .csv format in R. Originally designed to teach researchers to use NEON plant phenology and air temperature data; has been used in undergraduate classrooms.

The goal of this lesson is to learn how to import datasets into R, understand variable types, make adjustments to variables, perform basic calculations, and begin data visualization. The exercise uses an over 100 year time series of climate data.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

31452 Global import shipment records of R Diesel Engine with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Author: Andrew J. FeltonDate: 5/5/2024

This R project contains the primary code and data (following pre-processing in python) used for data production, manipulation, visualization, and analysis and figure production for the study entitled:

"Global estimates of the storage and transit time of water through vegetation"

Please note that 'turnover' and 'transit' are used interchangeably in this project.

Data information:

The data folder contains key data sets used for analysis. In particular:

"data/turnover_from_python/updated/annual/multi_year_average/average_annual_turnover.nc" contains a global array summarizing five year (2016-2020) averages of annual transit, storage, canopy transpiration, and number of months of data. This is the core dataset for the analysis; however, each folder has much more data, including a dataset for each year of the analysis. Data are also available is separate .csv files for each land cover type. Oterh data can be found for the minimum, monthly, and seasonal transit time found in their respective folders. These data were produced using the python code found in the "supporting_code" folder given the ease of working with .nc and EASE grid in the xarray python module. R was used primarily for data visualization purposes. The remaining files in the "data" and "data/supporting_data"" folder primarily contain ground-based estimates of storage and transit found in public databases or through a literature search, but have been extensively processed and filtered here.

Code information

Python scripts can be found in the "supporting_code" folder.

Each R script in this project has a particular function:

01_start.R: This script loads the R packages used in the analysis, sets thedirectory, and imports custom functions for the project. You can also load in the main transit time (turnover) datasets here using the source() function.

02_functions.R: This script contains the custom function for this analysis, primarily to work with importing the seasonal transit data. Load this using the source() function in the 01_start.R script.

03_generate_data.R: This script is not necessary to run and is primarilyfor documentation. The main role of this code was to import and wranglethe data needed to calculate ground-based estimates of aboveground water storage.

04_annual_turnover_storage_import.R: This script imports the annual turnover andstorage data for each landcover type. You load in these data from the 01_start.R scriptusing the source() function.

05_minimum_turnover_storage_import.R: This script imports the minimum turnover andstorage data for each landcover type. Minimum is defined as the lowest monthlyestimate.You load in these data from the 01_start.R scriptusing the source() function.

06_figures_tables.R: This is the main workhouse for figure/table production and supporting analyses. This script generates the key figures and summary statistics used in the study that then get saved in the manuscript_figures folder. Note that allmaps were produced using Python code found in the "supporting_code"" folder.

Objective: To develop a clinical informatics pipeline designed to capture large-scale structured EHR data for a national patient registry.

Materials and Methods: The EHR-R-REDCap pipeline is implemented using R-statistical software to remap and import structured EHR data into the REDCap-based multi-institutional Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) Patient Registry using an adaptable data dictionary.

Results: Clinical laboratory data were extracted from EPIC Clarity across several participating institutions. Labs were transformed, remapped and imported into the MCC registry using the EHR labs abstraction (eLAB) pipeline. Forty-nine clinical tests encompassing 482,450 results were imported into the registry for 1,109 enrolled MCC patients. Data-quality assessment revealed highly accurate, valid labs. Univariate modeling was performed for labs at baseline on overall survival (N=176) using this clinical informatics pipeline.

Conclusion: We demonstrate feasibility of the facile eLAB workflow. EHR data is successfully transformed, and bulk-loaded/imported into a REDCap-based national registry to execute real-world data analysis and interoperability.

Methods eLAB Development and Source Code (R statistical software):

eLAB is written in R (version 4.0.3), and utilizes the following packages for processing: DescTools, REDCapR, reshape2, splitstackshape, readxl, survival, survminer, and tidyverse. Source code for eLAB can be downloaded directly (https://github.com/TheMillerLab/eLAB).

eLAB reformats EHR data abstracted for an identified population of patients (e.g. medical record numbers (MRN)/name list) under an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved protocol. The MCCPR does not host MRNs/names and eLAB converts these to MCCPR assigned record identification numbers (record_id) before import for de-identification.

Functions were written to remap EHR bulk lab data pulls/queries from several sources including Clarity/Crystal reports or institutional EDW including Research Patient Data Registry (RPDR) at MGB. The input, a csv/delimited file of labs for user-defined patients, may vary. Thus, users may need to adapt the initial data wrangling script based on the data input format. However, the downstream transformation, code-lab lookup tables, outcomes analysis, and LOINC remapping are standard for use with the provided REDCap Data Dictionary, DataDictionary_eLAB.csv. The available R-markdown ((https://github.com/TheMillerLab/eLAB) provides suggestions and instructions on where or when upfront script modifications may be necessary to accommodate input variability.

The eLAB pipeline takes several inputs. For example, the input for use with the ‘ehr_format(dt)’ single-line command is non-tabular data assigned as R object ‘dt’ with 4 columns: 1) Patient Name (MRN), 2) Collection Date, 3) Collection Time, and 4) Lab Results wherein several lab panels are in one data frame cell. A mock dataset in this ‘untidy-format’ is provided for demonstration purposes (https://github.com/TheMillerLab/eLAB).

Bulk lab data pulls often result in subtypes of the same lab. For example, potassium labs are reported as “Potassium,” “Potassium-External,” “Potassium(POC),” “Potassium,whole-bld,” “Potassium-Level-External,” “Potassium,venous,” and “Potassium-whole-bld/plasma.” eLAB utilizes a key-value lookup table with ~300 lab subtypes for remapping labs to the Data Dictionary (DD) code. eLAB reformats/accepts only those lab units pre-defined by the registry DD. The lab lookup table is provided for direct use or may be re-configured/updated to meet end-user specifications. eLAB is designed to remap, transform, and filter/adjust value units of semi-structured/structured bulk laboratory values data pulls from the EHR to align with the pre-defined code of the DD.

Data Dictionary (DD)

EHR clinical laboratory data is captured in REDCap using the ‘Labs’ repeating instrument (Supplemental Figures 1-2). The DD is provided for use by researchers at REDCap-participating institutions and is optimized to accommodate the same lab-type captured more than once on the same day for the same patient. The instrument captures 35 clinical lab types. The DD serves several major purposes in the eLAB pipeline. First, it defines every lab type of interest and associated lab unit of interest with a set field/variable name. It also restricts/defines the type of data allowed for entry for each data field, such as a string or numerics. The DD is uploaded into REDCap by every participating site/collaborator and ensures each site collects and codes the data the same way. Automation pipelines, such as eLAB, are designed to remap/clean and reformat data/units utilizing key-value look-up tables that filter and select only the labs/units of interest. eLAB ensures the data pulled from the EHR contains the correct unit and format pre-configured by the DD. The use of the same DD at every participating site ensures that the data field code, format, and relationships in the database are uniform across each site to allow for the simple aggregation of the multi-site data. For example, since every site in the MCCPR uses the same DD, aggregation is efficient and different site csv files are simply combined.

Study Cohort

This study was approved by the MGB IRB. Search of the EHR was performed to identify patients diagnosed with MCC between 1975-2021 (N=1,109) for inclusion in the MCCPR. Subjects diagnosed with primary cutaneous MCC between 2016-2019 (N= 176) were included in the test cohort for exploratory studies of lab result associations with overall survival (OS) using eLAB.

Statistical Analysis

OS is defined as the time from date of MCC diagnosis to date of death. Data was censored at the date of the last follow-up visit if no death event occurred. Univariable Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed among all lab predictors. Due to the hypothesis-generating nature of the work, p-values were exploratory and Bonferroni corrections were not applied.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.

Subscribers can find out export and import data of 23 countries by HS code or product’s name. This demo is helpful for market analysis.