In the United States, more perpetrators of child abuse were women than men. In 2022, about 213,876 perpetrators of child abuse were women, compared to 199,617 male perpetrators.

In the United States, perpetrators of child abuse are more likely to be parents of the child than a non-parent. In 2023, about 189,635 children in the United States were abused by their mother. Furthermore, 125,493 children were abused by their father in that year.

7.7% of White women reported being the victim of domestic abuse in the year to March 2020, compared with 3.6% of White men.

This statistic shows the number of perpetrators in child abuse cases in the U.S. in 2013, by type of maltreatment and sex. In 2013, 4,662 female perpetrators in child abuse cases abused their victims sexually.

To further the understanding of violence against women, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), jointly sponsored the National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey. To provide a context in which to place women's experiences, the NVAW Survey sampled both women and men. Completed interviews were obtained from 8,000 women and 8,005 men who were 18 years of age or older residing in households throughout the United States. The female version of the survey was fielded from November 1995 to May 1996. The male version of the survey was fielded during February to May 1996. Spanish versions of both the male and female surveys were fielded from April to May 1996. Respondents to the NVAW Survey were queried about (1) their general fear of violence and the ways in which they managed their fears, (2) emotional abuse they had experienced by marital and cohabitating partners, (3) physical assault they had experienced as children by adult caretakers, (4) physical assault they had experienced as adults by any type of perpetrator, (5) forcible rape or stalking they had experienced by any type of perpetrator, and (6) incidents of threatened violence they had experienced by any type of perpetrator. Respondents disclosing victimization were asked detailed questions about the characteristics and consequences of victimization as they experienced it, including injuries sustained and use of medical services. Incidents were recorded that had occurred at any time during the respondent's lifetime and also those that occurred within the 12 months prior to the interview. Data were gathered on both male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner victimization as well as abuse by same-sex partners. Due to the sensitive nature of the survey, female respondents were interviewed by female interviewers. In order to test for possible bias caused by the gender of the interviewers when speaking to men, a split sample was used so that half of the male respondents had female interviewers and the other half had male interviewers. The questionnaires contained 14 sections, each covering a different topic, as follows. Section A: Respondents' fears of different types of violence, and behaviors they had adopted to accommodate those fears. Section B: Respondent demographics and household characteristics. Section C: The number of current and past marital and opposite-sex and same-sex cohabitating relationships of the respondent. Section D: Characteristics of the respondent's current relationship and the demographics and other characteristics of their spouse and/or partner. Section E: Power, control, and emotional abuse by each spouse or partner. Sections F through I: Screening for incidents of rape, physical assault, stalking, and threat victimization, respectively. Sections J through M: Detailed information on each incident of rape, physical assault, stalking, and threat victimization, respectively, reported by the respondent for each type of perpetrator identified in the victimization screening section. Section N: Violence in the respondent's current relationship, including steps taken because of violence in the relationship and whether the violent behavior had stopped. The section concluded with items to assess if the respondent had symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Other variables in the data include interviewer gender, respondent gender, number of adult women and adult men in the household, number of different telephones in the household, and region code.

In 2022, about 194,164 perpetrators of child abuse in the United States were white. In that same year, about 83,314 perpetrators of child abuse were Hispanic, and 25,092 were of unknown ethnic origin.

This study was an outcome evaluation of the effects of the Duluth Domestic Abuse Intervention Project Training Model for Law Enforcement Response on police officer attitudes toward domestic violence. Data on the effectiveness of the training were collected by means of an attitude survey of law enforcement officers (Part 1). Additionally, two experimental designs (Part 2) were implemented to test the effects of the Duluth model training on (1) time spent by police officers at the scene of a domestic violence incident, and (2) the number of convictions. Variables for Part 1 include the assigned research group and respondents' level of agreement with various statements, such as: alcohol is the primary cause of family violence, men are more likely than women to be aggressive, only mentally ill people batter their families, mandatory arrest of offenders is the best way to reduce repeat episodes of violence, family violence is a private matter, law enforcement policies are ineffective for preventing family violence, children of single-parent, female-headed families are abused more than children of dual-parent households, and prosecution of an offender is unlikely regardless of how well a victim cooperates. Index scores calculated from groupings of various variables are included as well as whether the respondent found training interesting, relevant, well-organized, and useful. Demographic variables for each respondent include race, gender, age, and assignment and position in the police department. Variables for Part 2 include whether the domestic violence case occurred before or after training, to which test group the case belongs, the amount of time in minutes spent on the domestic violence scene, and whether the case resulted in a conviction.

In 2023, the child abuse rate for children of Hispanic origin was at 6.7, indicating 6.7 out of every 1,000 Hispanic children in the United States suffered from some sort of abuse. This rate was highest among American Indian or Alaska Native children, with 13.8 children out of every 1,000 experiencing some form of abuse. Child abuse in the U.S. The child abuse rate in the United States is highest among American Indian or Alaska Native victims, followed by African-American victims. It is most common among children between two to five years of age. While child abuse cases are fairly evenly distributed between girls and boys, more boys than girls are victims of abuse resulting in death. The most common type of maltreatment is neglect, followed by physical abuse. Risk factors Child abuse is often reported by teachers, law enforcement officers, or social service providers. In the large majority of cases, the perpetrators of abuse were a parent of the victim. Risk factors, such as teen pregnancy, violent crime, and poverty that are associated with abuse and neglect have been found to be quite high in the United States in comparison to other countries.

About Violence Against Women & Girls

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program exists to advance the global understanding of health and population trends in developing countries.

The UN describes violence against women and girls (VAWG) as: “One of the most widespread, persistent, and devastating human rights violations in our world today. It remains largely unreported due to the impunity, silence, stigma, and shame surrounding it.”

In general terms, it manifests itself in physical, sexual, and psychological forms, encompassing: • intimate partner violence (battering, psychological abuse, marital rape, femicide) • sexual violence and harassment (rape, forced sexual acts, unwanted sexual advances, child sexual abuse, forced marriage, street harassment, stalking, cyber-harassment), human trafficking (slavery, sexual exploitation) • female genital mutilation • child marriage

About The Data

The data was taken from a survey of men and women in African, Asian, and South American countries, exploring the attitudes and perceived justifications given for committing acts of violence against women. The data also explores different sociodemographic groups that the respondents belong to, including: Education Level, Marital status, Employment, and Age group.

It is, therefore, critical that the countries where these views are widespread, prioritize public awareness campaigns, and access to education for women and girls, to communicate that violence against women and girls is never acceptable or justifiable.

Question | Respondents were asked if they agreed with the following statements: - A husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she burns the food - A husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she argues with him - A husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him - A husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she neglects the children - A husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she refuses to have sex with him - A husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife for at least one specific reason

More - Find More Exciting🙀 Datasets Here - An Upvote👍 A Dayᕙ(`▿´)ᕗ , Keeps Aman Hurray Hurray..... ٩(˘◡˘)۶Haha

This special topic poll was designed to ascertain the feelings and opinions respondents surveyed about the recent scandals within the Catholic Church concerning the sexual abuse of children by Catholic priests. Those surveyed were asked to describe their views toward the Catholic Church, specifically whether they endorsed the Roman Catholic Church policies that priests cannot get married and that women cannot become priests, whether they agreed with the way the Catholic Church has dealt with the issue of sexual abuse of children by Catholic priests, whether such abuse is common, whether the Catholic Church was taking the proper actions to deal with the issue, whether this issue had hurt the overall reputation of the Catholic Church in their eyes, and if so, by how much. Respondents were asked if they believed Catholic priests were more likely than other men to sexually abuse children, and if the following policies and practices were part of the problem: not allowing priests to marry, not allowing women to be priests, transferring priests accused of sexual abuse to another parish, not calling the police when a priest was accused of sexual abuse, being reluctant to dismiss priests because of a shortage of priests, or the lack of Vatican oversight of the Catholic Church in the United States. Persons queried were asked whether they approved of transferring a priest who had been accused of sexually abusing a child to another parish without telling parishioners about the accusation, whether the Church should inform parishioners and/or the police about such charges, and whether the Church should be required to do this by law. Respondents were then questioned about their overall opinions on how the Church had handled the issue, as well as their knowledge of instances in which a Catholic priest had been accused of sexually abusing children in their community, or instances in which friends or relatives had been abused by a Catholic priest. Persons of the Catholic faith were asked how satisfied they were with the leadership provided by their parish priest or priests, their bishop, and the Pope, whether the church effectively involved lay people in deciding church policies, and whether they approved of the way their parish priest or priests, their bishop, and the national leaders of the Catholic Church had handled the issue of sexual abuse of children by priests. Catholic respondents were also asked whether their diocese should publicly report the amount of money paid to settle lawsuits against priests accused of sexually abusing children, if their diocese should publicly release the names of priests who had been accused of sexually abusing children, whether the issue of sexual abuse of children by priests had caused them to alter the amount of money they gave to the Church in donations, if this issue had caused them to reexamine their personal faith, if they were aware of any priests in their own parish that have been accused of sexually abusing children, whether there was a chance that they would leave the Roman Catholic Church, how likely they were to leave, and if their leaving was motivated in some way by the issue of sexual abuse by priests. Non-Catholic persons were asked if they were aware of any clergy within their religious congregation that had been accused of sexually abusing children. Additionally, all persons queried were asked whether they approved of the way President George W. Bush was handling his job. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, education, religion, frequency of attendance at religious services, race, and Hispanic origin.

Abstract

Violence against children under 18 years of age is a major human rights violation and social and health problem throughout the world. Generally, child abuse is divided into three major categories: physical, emotional, and sexual, all of which can have significant short- and long-term health consequences for children. These include injury, sexual and reproductive health problems, unintended pregnancy, increased risk of HIV, mental health issues, alcohol and drug abuse, social ostracism, and increased incidence of chronic disease in adulthood. Those who have experienced childhood violence are more likely to engage in risk behaviors as adolescents and adults, and may be more likely to become perpetrators themselves.

The key objectives of Cambodia VACS are:

• To estimate the national prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual violence perpetrated against boys and girls, including touching without permission, attempted sexual intercourse, physically forced sexual intercourse, and pressured sexual intercourse perpetrated against boys and girls prior to turning age 18 and more recently;

• To identify risk and protective factors for physical, emotional and sexual violence against children to inform stakeholders and guide prevention efforts;

• To identify the health and social consequences associated with violence against children;

• To assess the knowledge and utilization of medical, psychosocial, legal, and protective services available for children who have experienced sexual, emotional and physical violence;

• To identify areas for further research; and

• To make recommendations to the Government of Cambodia and international and local partners on developing, improving and enhancing prevention and response strategies to address violence against children as part of a larger, comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach to child protection.

Geographic coverage

National Urban and rural areas Twenty (20) domains:

1. Banteay Meanchey
2. Battambang
3. Kampong Cham
4. Kampong Chhnang
5. Kampong Speu
6. Kampong Thom
7. Kampot
8. Kandal
9. Kratie
10. Phnom Penh
11. Preah Vihear
12. Prey Veng
13. Pursat
14. Ratanak Kiri
15. Siem Reap
16. Sihanoukville
17. Stung Treng
18. Svay Rieng
19. Takeo
20. Oddar Meanchey

Analysis unit

Household Individual (Eligible from 13-24 years old)

Universe

Children aged 13-24 years old, male and female, who have been victims of physical, emotional, and sexual violence

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

VACS 2013 makes use of a four-stage cluster sample survey design. In the first stage, a total of 225 villages were selected using probability proportional to size with an allocation by urbanization (27% urban/ 73% rural). In stage 2, enumeration areas known as EAs - the primary sampling units based on geographical subdivisions in Cambodia determined by the department of demographic statistics, censuses and surveys - were selected. The 225 sample EAs were gendered (106 female and 119 male EAs) and one EA was randomly selected from each of the 225 sampled villages. In stage 3, a fixed number of 25 households were selected by equal probability systematic sampling from each selected EA. In stage 4, one eligible respondent (female or male depending on the EA) was randomly selected from the list of all eligible respondents (females or males) 13-24 years of age in each household.

The sampling frame was originally compiled by the National Institute of Statistics for the national population census in 2013. In preparation for several national surveys, the sampling frame was updated in 2012 and takes into account the 2011 reclassification of urban areas in Cambodia.

To calculate separate male and female prevalence estimates for violence victimization, a split sample was used. This means that the survey for females was conducted in different EAs than the survey for males. The split sample approach serves to protect the confidentiality of respondents, and eliminates the chance that a male perpetrator of a sexual assault and the female who was the victim of his sexual assault in the same community would both be interviewed. The design also eliminates the chance that a female perpetrator and a male victim of sexual violence from the same community would both be interviewed.

Prior to the implementation of the survey, a mapping and listing team, primarily composed of supervisors identified for the actual survey, visited all of the randomly selected EAs from the second stage of sampling. It was necessary to map and list all structures within each EA. After the list was constructed, a cluster of 25 households, based on sample size estimates, were selected using either simple random selection, or systematic selection with a random start.

During survey implementation, 25 households were randomly selected in each EA. Upon entering a randomly selected household, interviewers were tasked to identify the head of household or the person representing the head of household in order to introduce the study and complete a household list to determine eligibility of household members to participate in the study. The head of household were requested to participate in a short (15 minute) survey to assess the socio-economic conditions of the household (Appendices W/AA). When there was more than one eligible participant, the interviewer randomly selected one respondent using the Kish Method. If there was no eligible participant, the household was still requested to participate in the household questionnaire. In the case that the head of household is a female or male 13-24 years old, she or he was included in the household listing and may be selected as the respondent. In this case, she or he completed the household questionnaire and the respondent questionnaire. If the selected respondent was not available after three attempts or refused to participate, the household was skipped regardless of whether another eligible respondent existed in the household, thus, the household was not replaced.

For more details please refer to the technical document IRB Protocol VACS Cambodia Final.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The development of a standardized global questionnaire was led by CDC scientists with extensive external consultation. A broad range of academic background and subject-matter expertise is represented in the team at CDC and among the external consultants who developed this tool. The questionnaire draws questions and definitions from a number of well-respected survey tools which has the benefit of (a) being able to compare data on various measures with other studies as a useful validation and an interesting comparison and (b) using measures that have already been field tested in other studies. In addition, the questionnaire has been previously implemented in five other countries (i.e. Swaziland, Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Haiti) after being adapted based on vital country-level review by stakeholders.

The following international and violence surveys helped to inform the questionnaire: - Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) - National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Surveillance System (NISVSS) - The Child Sexual Assault Survey (CSA) - Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) - ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST) - HIV/AIDS/STD Behavioral Surveillance Surveys (BSS) - Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) - National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) - World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women - Behavioral Risk Fact Surveillance System (BRFSS) - Hopkins Symptoms Checklist - ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST)

The questionnaire has been further adapted for Cambodia (Appendices W/AA, X/BB, Y/CC). Consultation with key informants from Cambodia and input from stakeholders participating in the Technical Working Group on Questionnaire Development (part of the Steering Committee), who are familiar with the problem of violence against children, child protection, and the cultural context, helped to further adapt the questionnaire and survey protocol for Cambodia.

The questionnaire includes the following topics: demographics; parental relations, family, friends and community support, school experiences, sexual behavior and practices; physical, emotional, and sexual violence; perpetration of sexual violence, health outcomes associated with exposure to violence; and utilization and barriers to health services. The background characteristics of the study respondents and the head of household survey include questions that assess age, socio-economic status, marital status, work status, education, and living situation. The sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS component utilizes questions from the CDHS, BSS, and WHO Multi-country study. Sexual behavior questions are divided among the following topics: sexual behavior, including sex in exchange for money or goods, pregnancy, and HIV/AIDS testing. The sexual violence module, the primary focus of the study, includes questions on the types of sexual violence experienced and important information on the circumstances of these incidents, such as the settings where sexual violence occurred and the relationship between the victim and perpetrator. This information will be collected on the first and most recent incidents of sexual violence, which will include a question on whether sexual violence occurred within the past 12-months. In addition, we developed several questions assessing potential risk and protective factors, including attitudes around sexual violence. Some of these questions were based on DHS, YRBS, and Add Health. We also ask

In 2023, there were about 546,159 victims of child abuse in the United States. In that year, about 260,144 boys were abused across the country. Additionally, 284,061 girls were the victims of child abuse in that same year.

Human Trafficking Statistics: Human trafficking remains a pervasive global issue, with millions of individuals subjected to exploitation and abuse each year. According to recent statistics, an estimated 25 million people worldwide are victims of human trafficking, with the majority being women and children. This lucrative criminal industry generates profits of over $150 billion annually, making it one of the most profitable illegal trades globally. As market research analysts, it's imperative to understand the scale and impact of human trafficking to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Efforts to combat human trafficking have intensified in recent years, driven by increased awareness and advocacy. However, despite these efforts, the problem persists, with trafficking networks adapting to evade law enforcement and exploit vulnerabilities in communities. Through comprehensive data analysis and research, we can uncover trends, identify high-risk areas, and develop targeted interventions to disrupt trafficking networks and support survivors. In this context, understanding human trafficking statistics is crucial for informing policy decisions, resource allocation, and collaborative efforts to combat this grave violation of human rights. Editor’s Choice Every year, approximately 4.5 billion people become victims of forced sex trafficking. Two out of three immigrants become victims of human trafficking, regardless of their international travel method. There are 5.4 victims of modern slavery for every 1000 people worldwide. An estimated 40.3 million individuals are trapped in modern-day slavery, with 24.9 million in forced labor and 15.4 million in forced marriage. Around 16.55 million reported human trafficking cases have occurred in the Asia Pacific region. Out of 40 million human trafficking victims worldwide, 25% are children. The highest proportion of forced labor trafficking cases occurs in domestic work, accounting for 30%. The illicit earnings from human trafficking amount to approximately USD 150 billion annually. The sex trafficking industry globally exceeds the size of the worldwide cocaine market. Only 0.4% of survivors of human trafficking cases are detected. Currently, there are 49.6 million people in modern slavery worldwide, with 35% being children. Sex trafficking is the most common type of trafficking in the U.S. In 2022, there were 88 million child sexual abuse material (CSAM) files reported to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) tip line. Child sex trafficking has been reported in all 50 U.S. states. Human trafficking is a USD 150 billion industry globally. It ranks as the second most profitable illegal industry in the United States. 25 million people worldwide are denied their fundamental right to freedom. 30% of global human trafficking victims are children. Women constitute 49% of all victims of global trafficking. In 2019, 62% of victims in the US were identified as sex trafficking victims. In the same year, US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) grantees reported that 68% of clients served were victims of labor trafficking. Human traffickers in the US face a maximum statutory penalty of 20 years in prison. In France, 74% of exploited victims in 2018 were victims of sex trafficking. You May Also Like To Read Domestic Violence Statistics Sexual Assault Statistics Crime Statistics FBI Crime Statistics Referral Marketing Statistics Prison Statistics GDPR Statistics Piracy Statistics Notable Ransomware Statistics DDoS Statistics Divorce Statistics

Data come from: the main study “ABUEL” (ELder ABUse: A multinational prevalence survey), regarding on the whole a sample of 4,467 not demented randomly selected individuals aged 60-84 years (males and females). It was a multinational and cross-sectional prevalence survey on elder abuse, which in 2009 was conducted by face-to-face interviews to older people in seven urban European cities (Ancona, in Italy; Athens, in Greece; Granada, in Spain; Kaunas, in Lithuania; Stuttgart, in Germany; Porto, in Portugal, and Stockholm, in Sweden). The present dataset includes only older men (n=1908), who were interviewed to explore their abuse exposure during the past 12 months (last year).

Measures include the following: Abuse (Psychological, Physical, Injury, Sexual, financial); Abuse chronicity (frequency of acts: 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 25 times); Abuse severity (minor, severe acts); Depression and anxiety (HADS scale: high scores correspond to high depression/anxiety levels); Somatic symptoms (GBB scale: the higher the scores, the more one is affected); Social support (MSPSS scale: from family, significant others, and friends; high scores correspond to high perceived social support); Alcohol use and smoking (yes/no format); Demographics/socio-economics (country, age, marital status, ethnic background; educational level; still on work; current or past main profession; main source of financial support; with whom the participants lived; and number of people at home including the respondent); Financial strain (concerns with how to make ends meet); Foreign (whether the participants were migrants or indigenous inhabitants). Finally, perpetrator variables were assessed in form of sex (women/men) and relation to the victim (e.g. spouse/cohabitant, children/grandchildren, other relatives, friends, neighbors) in a yes/no format.

The dataset is provided in open format (xlsx) and includes 3 sheets: “numeric” regarding the unlabelled dataset used for statistics elaboration; “labelled” regarding labelled dataset with variables and related labelled items; and “var. list” regarding the complete variables list and variables labels we used.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a national-scale evaluation of correctional facilities housing female offenders in order to assess the effectiveness of current programs, including alternative sanctions and treatment programs, and management practices. The goal was to gather information on "what works for which women" with respect to the program characteristics most related to positive outcomes. The first stage of the study consisted of gathering the opinions of administrators in state departments of corrections, including state-level administrators and administrators in institutions for women (Part 1). Administrators from jails that housed women were also interviewed (Part 2). Data collected for Parts 1 and 2 focused on attitudes toward the influx of women into jails and prisons, the needs of incarcerated women, and management and program approaches for meeting those needs. Respondents were asked to identify programs that in their view stood out as especially effective in meeting the needs of incarcerated women. From this list of nominated programs, researchers conducted 62 in-depth telephone interviews with administrators of programs located in jails, prisons, and the community (Part 3). A supplement to this study consisted of telephone interviews with 11 program directors who headed mental health programs that appeared to be "state of the art" for incarcerated women (Part 4). Variables in Parts 1-4 that concern the nominated programs include the underlying principles guiding the programs, whom the programs targeted, what types of staff were employed by the programs, the most positive effects of the programs, and whether program evaluations had been completed. Program effort variables found in Parts 1-4 cover whether the programs focused on trying to treat substance abuse, stop child abuse, provide women with nontraditional job skills, parenting skills, HIV/AIDS education, and life skills, change cognitive thinking, and/or promote self-esteem. Several variables common to Parts 1-3 include whether the programs provided women with follow-up/transitional help, helped to stimulate pre-release planning, allowed visits between women and children, or used ex-offenders, ex-substance users, volunteers, or outside community groups to work with the women. Variables focusing on the types of assessment tools used cover medical assessments, VD screening, reading/math ability screening, mental health screening, substance abuse screening, needs regarding children screening, and victim-spouse abuse screening. Variables pertaining to institution management include background knowledge needed to manage a facility, the types of management styles used for managing female offenders, security and other operational issues, problems with cross-sex supervision, and handling complaints. Similar variables across Parts 1, 2, and 4 deal with the impact of private or state funding, such as respondents' views on the positive and negative outcomes of privatization and of using state services. Both Parts 1 and 2 contain information on respondents' views regarding the unique needs of women offenders, which programs were especially for women, and which program needs were more serious than others. Planning variables in Parts 1 and 2 include whether there were plans to have institutions link with other state agencies, and which programs were most in need of expansion. Further common variables concerned the influx of women in prison, including how administrators were dealing with the increasing number of women offenders, whether the facilities were originally designed for women, how the facilities adapted for women, and the number of women currently in the facilities. In addition, Part 1 contains unique variables on alternative, intermediate sanction options for women, such as the percentage of women sent to day supervision/treatment and sent to work release centers, why it was possible to use intermediate sanctions, and how decisions were made to use intermediate sanctions. Variables dealing with funding and the provision of services to women include the type of private contractor or government agency that provided drug treatment, academic services, and vocational services to women, and the nature of the medical and food services provided to women. Variables unique to Part 2 pertain to the type of offender the jail housed, including whether the jurisdiction had a separate facility for pretrial or sentenced offenders, the total rated capacity of the jail, the average daily population of pretrial females, whether the jail was currently housing state inmates, and the impact on local inmates of being housed with state inmates. Variables concerning classification and assessment focused on the purpose of the classification process for female offenders, whether the classification process was different for male and female offenders, and a description of the process used. Variables specific to Part 3 deal with characteristics of the participants, such as whether program participants were involved in a case management system, the approximate number of women and men participating in the programs, whether offenders were tried and awaiting sentence or were on probation, and the number of hours a week that individuals participated in the program. Program structure variables include whether the program was culture- or gender-specific, restrictions on program participants, and who established the restrictions. Programming strategy variables cover identifying strategies used for meeting the needs of women offenders with short sentences, strategies for women with long sentences, and what stood in the way of greater use of intermediate sanctions. Part 4 contains variables on the size of the mental health program/unit, including the number of beds in the mental health unit, the number of beds set aside for different types of diagnoses, and the number of women served annually. Diagnosis variables provide information on who was responsible for screening women for mental health needs, whether women were re-evaluated at any time other than at intake, and the most common mental health problems of women in the unit. Variables on running the program include whether the program/unit worked with private or public hospitals, the factors that hindered coordination of services among local or state facilities, the types of services affected by budget constraints, and the strategies used to prevent women from harming themselves and others. Staffing variables cover the number of psychologists, social workers, nurses, and correctional officers that worked in the mental health unit. Demographic variables were similar for all four data files. These include the institution level, the type of respondent interviewed, respondents' gender and educational background, and the number of years they had been in their positions, were employed in corrections, and had worked in women's facilities.

In France, the majority of people who reported having been raped as children were women (**** out of five). On the other hand, the perpetrators of sexual violence against minors were mostly men. Only ***** percent of the victims had been assaulted by one or more women.

A paucity of research has been conducted within South Africa on abused women’s experiences of motherhood, even though abused women tend to be at increased risk of negative physical and mental health difficulties, which can interfere with their ability to take care of themselves and their children. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore women’s experiences of mothering in the context of an abusive relationship. Data was collected via individual, telephonic, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 mothers from three South African provinces, and analyzed according to the principles of grounded theory. Our findings highlight the mothers’ experiences of: a simultaneous increased sense of responsibility with regards to their children and a loss of control over their mothering; as well as experiencing abuse aimed at either the mother or the child, which is simultaneously meant to affect the other; and lastly, mothers’ assessing themselves negatively through normative paradigms of ‘good mothering’, regardless that they often mother in the best way they know how to, given challenging circumstances. Therefore, this study highlights that the motherhood institution continues to create ‘good mothering’ benchmarks against which women themselves evaluate their mothering, often leading to feelings of inadequacy. Our findings also emphasize that the environment created by men’s abuse is in conflict with the great expectations placed upon mothers in abusive relationships. Thus, mothers may experience huge pressure, which may lead to feelings of failure, self-blame, and guilt. This study has demonstrated that the abuse mothers’ encounter adversely impacted on their mothering. We therefore emphasize the need to better understand how mothering is influenced by and responsive to violence. This is important as understanding abused women’s experiences can assist us to further develop appropriate support mechanisms needed to ensure minimal impact on both women and their children.

This interview is part of the Women, Risk and Aids Project (1989-90) archive which was created as part of the Reanimating Data Project (2018-20).Anonymised transcript of an interview with Stacey, who is completing a science degree. She comes from a working class background, and has had a difficult family life, especially concerning her relationship with her mother. Her mum has quite negative attitudes towards sex and believes that it is 'all that men want women for', so there was no positive talk around sexuality and relationships at home. Stacey has had a couple of boyfriends, but is now engaged to her male partner who she met in sixth form - she finds it difficult to trust him, due to her home life and past relationships. A previous partner was an alcoholic who tried to sexually assault her. She notes that there was pressure at school to find a partner, and there was a divide between the popular crowd and those who worked hard in relation to who was considered attractive. She learnt about sex and relationships largely through teen girl and women's magazines, and had no formal sex education at school - the (male) teacher was too embarrassed, but she does remember watching one film which could be about sexual consent. She would have liked more comprehensive sex education that talked about navigating sexual relationships. There was one girl at school that had been labelled a 'slag', but Stacey still thought was a nice girl, despite her reputation and expression of sexual freedom. Stacey thinks that a lot of her friends were sexually active, but that no one openly discussed it - Stacey was quite surprised when she got to university and discovered her female friends were having casual sex and were fairly open about it. She had her first sexual debut at 18 with a boyfriend at the time, but felt she had a very passive role in this sexual relationship (though she is much more aware of her own sexual pleasure now). They used condoms, as she was worried about pregnancy. She couldn't imagine having a casual sexual relationship. Stacey didn't hear about AIDS until her first year of university, but had seen some adverts on TV, and initially thought it was reserved for drug users and gay men (especially American ones) - this was supported by her gay male landlords promiscuous sexual behaviour. She does recognise that her landlord gave her a 'distorted' view of (male) homosexuality, and does not believe that he represents all gay men. Stacey doesn't think that her or her friends are at risk and most of her friends use the pill, rather than condoms - she associates condoms with being young and juvenile. She does consider safe-sex to be sex with condoms in the context of AIDS protection, and limiting numbers of sexual partners.

This pilot study was conducted in an attempt to better understand the jailed population in terms of the number of families at risk and the relationship between parental substance use and incarceration and its impact on the children of the incarcerated. The aim of the study was to describe the jailed population, their needs in relation to substance abuse and parenting issues, to explore children's risk factors resulting from having a parent with substance abuse and/or criminal justice involvement, and ultimately to offer a point of intervention for parents and children at risk. Participants included 229 men and 52 women aged 18 and older, who were in their first 48 hours of incarceration in the Santa Clara County Department of Corrections in August 2003 and who where voluntary participants in the National Institute of Justice's (NIJ) Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program (ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 2003 [ICPSR 4020]). Male subjects were chosen through a random selection process, while female participants were taken from a convenience sample. The pilot study used a questionnaire completed as an addendum to the ADAM program main interview. Major types of variables included in this study are type and duration of alcohol/drug use, family history of incarceration, number and ages of children for whom the respondent was the primary caregiver, social consequences for the child due to the incarceration of the respondent, and if the child had any problems with drugs and/or alcohol.