Saudi Arabia: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: For that indicator, we provide data for Saudi Arabia from 2002 to 2017. The average value for Saudi Arabia during that period was 163 prisoners per 100,000 people with a minimum of 126 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2002 and a maximum of 207 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2017. The latest value from 2017 is 207 prisoners per 100,000 people. For comparison, the world average in 2017 based on 146 countries is 182 prisoners per 100,000 people.

Following more than 30 years of rising incarceration rates, the United States now imprisons a higher proportion of its population than any country in the world. Building on theories of representation and organized interest group behavior, this article argues that an increasingly punitive public has been a primary reason for this prolific expansion. To test this hypothesis, I generate a new over-time measure of the public’s support for being tough on crime. The analysis suggests that, controlling for the crime rate, illegal drug use, inequality, and the party in power, since 1953 public opinion has been a fundamental determinant of changes in the incarceration rate. If the public’s punitiveness had stopped rising in the mid-1970s, the results imply that there would have been approximately 20% fewer incarcerations. Additionally, an analysis of congressional attention to criminal justice issues supports the argument that the public’s attitudes have led, not followed, political elites.

Figures for the prison population in England and Wales published weekly. For more detailed figures on the prison population see the National Statistics publication, Offender Management Statistics Quarterly bulletin.

Datasets for predicted incarceration rate analysis in Figure 2. Census tract level % Black and Concentrated Disadvantage index are varied while holding all other covariates constant at either the median values for all Non-NYCHA census tracts or the median values for all NYCHA census tracts.

Overview

The Marshall Project, the nonprofit investigative newsroom dedicated to the U.S. criminal justice system, has partnered with The Associated Press to compile data on the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in prisons across the country. The Associated Press is sharing this data as the most comprehensive current national source of COVID-19 outbreaks in state and federal prisons.

Lawyers, criminal justice reform advocates and families of the incarcerated have worried about what was happening in prisons across the nation as coronavirus began to take hold in the communities outside. Data collected by The Marshall Project and AP shows that hundreds of thousands of prisoners, workers, correctional officers and staff have caught the illness as prisons became the center of some of the country’s largest outbreaks. And thousands of people — most of them incarcerated — have died.

In December, as COVID-19 cases spiked across the U.S., the news organizations also shared cumulative rates of infection among prison populations, to better gauge the total effects of the pandemic on prison populations. The analysis found that by mid-December, one in five state and federal prisoners in the United States had tested positive for the coronavirus -- a rate more than four times higher than the general population.

This data, which is updated weekly, is an effort to track how those people have been affected and where the crisis has hit the hardest.

Methodology and Caveats

The data tracks the number of COVID-19 tests administered to people incarcerated in all state and federal prisons, as well as the staff in those facilities. It is collected on a weekly basis by Marshall Project and AP reporters who contact each prison agency directly and verify published figures with officials.

Each week, the reporters ask every prison agency for the total number of coronavirus tests administered to its staff members and prisoners, the cumulative number who tested positive among staff and prisoners, and the numbers of deaths for each group.

The time series data is aggregated to the system level; there is one record for each prison agency on each date of collection. Not all departments could provide data for the exact date requested, and the data indicates the date for the figures.

To estimate the rate of infection among prisoners, we collected population data for each prison system before the pandemic, roughly in mid-March, in April, June, July, August, September and October. Beginning the week of July 28, we updated all prisoner population numbers, reflecting the number of incarcerated adults in state or federal prisons. Prior to that, population figures may have included additional populations, such as prisoners housed in other facilities, which were not captured in our COVID-19 data. In states with unified prison and jail systems, we include both detainees awaiting trial and sentenced prisoners.

To estimate the rate of infection among prison employees, we collected staffing numbers for each system. Where current data was not publicly available, we acquired other numbers through our reporting, including calling agencies or from state budget documents. In six states, we were unable to find recent staffing figures: Alaska, Hawaii, Kentucky, Maryland, Montana, Utah.

To calculate the cumulative COVID-19 impact on prisoner and prison worker populations, we aggregated prisoner and staff COVID case and death data up through Dec. 15. Because population snapshots do not account for movement in and out of prisons since March, and because many systems have significantly slowed the number of new people being sent to prison, it’s difficult to estimate the total number of people who have been held in a state system since March. To be conservative, we calculated our rates of infection using the largest prisoner population snapshots we had during this time period.

As with all COVID-19 data, our understanding of the spread and impact of the virus is limited by the availability of testing. Epidemiology and public health experts say that aside from a few states that have recently begun aggressively testing in prisons, it is likely that there are more cases of COVID-19 circulating undetected in facilities. Sixteen prison systems, including the Federal Bureau of Prisons, would not release information about how many prisoners they are testing.

Corrections departments in Indiana, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota and Wisconsin report coronavirus testing and case data for juvenile facilities; West Virginia reports figures for juvenile facilities and jails. For consistency of comparison with other state prison systems, we removed those facilities from our data that had been included prior to July 28. For these states we have also removed staff data. Similarly, Pennsylvania’s coronavirus data includes testing and cases for those who have been released on parole. We removed these tests and cases for prisoners from the data prior to July 28. The staff cases remain.

About the Data

There are four tables in this data:

• covid_prison_cases.csv contains weekly time series data on tests, infections and deaths in prisons. The first dates in the table are on March 26. Any questions that a prison agency could not or would not answer are left blank.

• prison_populations.csv contains snapshots of the population of people incarcerated in each of these prison systems for whom data on COVID testing and cases are available. This varies by state and may not always be the entire number of people incarcerated in each system. In some states, it may include other populations, such as those on parole or held in state-run jails. This data is primarily for use in calculating rates of testing and infection, and we would not recommend using these numbers to compare the change in how many people are being held in each prison system.

• staff_populations.csv contains a one-time, recent snapshot of the headcount of workers for each prison agency, collected as close to April 15 as possible.

• covid_prison_rates.csv contains the rates of cases and deaths for prisoners. There is one row for every state and federal prison system and an additional row with the National totals.

Queries

The Associated Press and The Marshall Project have created several queries to help you use this data:

Get your state's prison COVID data: Provides each week's data from just your state and calculates a cases-per-100000-prisoners rate, a deaths-per-100000-prisoners rate, a cases-per-100000-workers rate and a deaths-per-100000-workers rate here

Rank all systems' most recent data by cases per 100,000 prisoners here

Find what percentage of your state's total cases and deaths -- as reported by Johns Hopkins University -- occurred within the prison system here

Attribution

In stories, attribute this data to: “According to an analysis of state prison cases by The Marshall Project, a nonprofit investigative newsroom dedicated to the U.S. criminal justice system, and The Associated Press.”

Contributors

Many reporters and editors at The Marshall Project and The Associated Press contributed to this data, including: Katie Park, Tom Meagher, Weihua Li, Gabe Isman, Cary Aspinwall, Keri Blakinger, Jake Bleiberg, Andrew R. Calderón, Maurice Chammah, Andrew DeMillo, Eli Hager, Jamiles Lartey, Claudia Lauer, Nicole Lewis, Humera Lodhi, Colleen Long, Joseph Neff, Michelle Pitcher, Alysia Santo, Beth Schwartzapfel, Damini Sharma, Colleen Slevin, Christie Thompson, Abbie VanSickle, Adria Watson, Andrew Welsh-Huggins.

Questions

If you have questions about the data, please email The Marshall Project at info+covidtracker@themarshallproject.org or file a Github issue.

To learn more about AP's data journalism capabilities for publishers, corporations and financial institutions, go here or email kromano@ap.org.

Scholars and policy analysts alike have long been concerned with the social and economic consequences of the prison boom. However, as state corrections departments have been forced to make cutbacks and state incarceration rates have declined, we are currently in a prison bust. The Prison Bust Dataset is the first comprehensive record of U.S. prison closures from after the end of the prison boom to the present. It provides novel opportunities for understanding the causes and consequences of the prison boom. The dataset contains details of 188 verified state and federal adult correctional facility closures from 2000-2022.

This dataset contains de-identified individual data for offenders currently serving in an Iowa institution or correctional facility. Dataset includes information regarding age, sex, race, offense committed, and supervision status.

The average for 2017 based on 138 countries was 174 prisoners per 100,000 people. The highest value was in El Salvador: 601 prisoners per 100,000 people and the lowest value was in San Marino: 9 prisoners per 100,000 people. The indicator is available from 2002 to 2017. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The release (generally annual) gives the projected monthly prison population in England and Wales for the next six years. Sub-population (such as gender) estimates are presented alongside the effects of legislation, sentencing activity, and so on relevant to the prison population.

Source agency: Justice

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Prison population projections

Denmark: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: For that indicator, we provide data for Denmark from 2003 to 2017. The average value for Denmark during that period was 67 prisoners per 100,000 people with a minimum of 57 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2015 and a maximum of 75 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2005. The latest value from 2017 is 63 prisoners per 100,000 people. For comparison, the world average in 2017 based on 146 countries is 182 prisoners per 100,000 people.

Overview

This dataset is comprised of 4 sociological metrics for 50 US states that have been normalized on a 100-point scale. It showcases the correlations between education, peace, poverty, and religion.

See the Interactive Visualization

• Educational Attainment: The data is based on the responses to the American Community Survey. The percentage represents the number of individuals that have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Sourced from Wikipedia (2009).

• Peace Index: The US state index is based on an analysis of homicide, violent crime, policing, incarceration rates, and the availability of small arms. The data is inverted and refactored for percentages instead of a numerical score. The higher the percentage, the more peaceful a state is considered. Sourced from Vision of Humanity (2010).

• Above Poverty Rate: The percentages represent the number of households per state that are living above the poverty rate (by household income). Sourced from Wikipedia (2008) and originally from the United States Census Bureau.

• Non-Religious: Religion data is based on the percentage of individuals that do not identify as highly religious in each state. Sourced from the Pew Research Center (2014).

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Summary Table. Find data on average counts of young persons by province and territory. Average counts include actual-in counts, incarceration rates, probation rates and probation community supervision counts. Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick. STC

Portugal: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: For that indicator, we provide data for Portugal from 2003 to 2017. The average value for Portugal during that period was 124 prisoners per 100,000 people with a minimum of 102 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2008 and a maximum of 139 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2015. The latest value from 2017 is 132 prisoners per 100,000 people. For comparison, the world average in 2017 based on 146 countries is 182 prisoners per 100,000 people.

Summary Since 2017, GEO shares have fallen sharply from $30 to ~$8.50 per share, at one point below even the book value of $8.19 per share. President Biden recently signed an executive order that banned the renewal of Department of Justice contracts with private prisons, but the effect on GEO is way way less than the market thinks. The border crisis renders ICE dependent on GEO for capacity, making it near impossible for ICE to cut ties in the near future. With a market cap of just $1.02 Billion, GEO has the potential to increase 2-3x in the next 6-12 months. cropped image of african american prisoner reading book LightFieldStudios/iStock via Getty Images Thesis GEO Group (GEO) is a deeply mispriced provider of privately-owned prisons, falling from a price of $30+ in early 2017 to the current price of $8.50 per share. GEO has fallen primarily as a result of concerns about legislation regarding private prisons, a canceled dividend, the likely shift away from a REIT structure, and high levels of debt. These overblown concerns have created a pretty solid structural opportunity. kmosby1992@gmail.com password kmosby1992@gmail.com Subscribe Company overview GEO operates in several segments, such as GEO care, International services, and U.S. Secure Services. Source: Annual report 1 - U.S. Secure Services U.S. Secure services account for the majority of their revenue, 67%, and includes their correctional facilities and processing centers. Secure services manage 74,000 beds across 58 facilities as of the 2020 annual report. GEO transport is included in U.S. secure services, but we felt it warranted its own paragraph. GEO transport provides secure transportation services to government agencies. With 400 customized, U.S. Department of Transportation compliant vehicles, GEO transport drove more than 14 million miles in 2020. 2 - GEO Care GEO care is a series of programs designed to reintegrate inmates and troubled youth into society. They operate through reentry centers, non-residential reentry programs, and youth treatment programs. GEO care operates approximately 4-dozen reentry centers, which provide housing, employment assistance, rehabilitation, substance abuse counseling, and vocational and education programs to current and former inmates. Through their reentry segment, they operate more than 70 non-residential reentry programs that provide behavioral assessments, treatment, supervision, and education. GEO care made up 23% of total 2020 revenue. Geo monitoring is included in GEO care. Through a wholly-owned subsidiary, BI Inc., GEO offers monitoring technology for parolees, probationers, pretrial defendants, and individuals involved in the immigration process. As of the 2020 annual report, BI helps monitor ~155,000 individuals across all 50 states. 3 - International operations International operations made up only 10% of revenue in 2020, but it is showing signs of growth. GEO recently landed a 10-year contract with the United kingdom, which they expect to total $760 million in revenue over the course of the contract. They also landed an 8-year contract with the Scottish Prison Service, which grants an annualized revenue of $39 million and has a 4-year renewal period. Why is GEO Mispriced? While there are several reasons for the dramatic reduction in share price over the last 4 years, the main reason was the looming fear of legislation destroying privately owned prisons. To a degree, this fear materialized on January 26th, 2021, when President Biden signed an Executive Order ordering the Attorney General not to renew any Department of Justice contracts with "privately operated criminal detention facilities." At face value, this order seems as though it would have a devastating impact on GEO. However, only ~25% of total revenue is impacted in any form by this order. The executive order only concerns branches of the Department of Justice. Only 2 DOJ branches have business connections with GEO, the US Marshals (USMS), and the Bureau of Prisons (BOP). Source: Annual report It is imperative to note that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), is not a branch of the DOJ and is therefore unaffected by this order. Individual states, as well as other countries, are unaffected by this order Bureau of Prisons GEO currently holds several agreements with the BOP relating to operations of prisons across the country. As of year-end 2020, agreements involving the BOP accounted for 14% of total revenue. All revenue from the BOP will not disappear, as the executive order does not impact reentry facilities. In 2Q21, after the executive order was made, GEO renewed 5 BOP reentry contracts. GEO even scored a new contract with the BOP, regarding the construction and operation of a new facility in Tampa. United States Marshal Service The United States Marshal Service does not own or operate detention facilities but instead rents the use of facilities mostly through intergovernmental service agreements. GEO currently has 12 USMS facilities, 9 of which are operated through an intergovernmental service agreement and 3 of which are through a direct contract. In their recent conference call, GEO stated that they are actively working with USMS to comply with the executive order. The order seems to focus mostly on direct contracts, which only account for 3 of GEO's 12 USMS facilities. That being said, GEO is waiting on USMS to fully interpret the order, and if found to restrict intergovernmental service agreements as well, GEO could lose all 12 USMS facilities at their contract expiration ICE As mentioned above, ICE is not a part of the DOJ, therefore there is no immediate legislative threat. While GEO does note under their risk section that ICE may be impacted by legislation in the future, we do not view this as likely for several reasons. ICE is far more reliant on private detention centers than the Department of Justice, which is why we suspect Biden left ICE out of the executive order. According to Wikipedia, only 8.1% of the total US prison population is held in private detention centers. The number of immigrant detainees held in private facilities is much greater, "73% by some accounts." ICE is currently under a crisis of sorts at the border, with border encounters significantly higher than years prior. Source: US customs and border protection Above is a graph of the number of southern border encounters by month, with each line representing a different year 2018-2021. So far into 2021, the southern border is facing record numbers of attempted entry into the United States. This trend is evident in GEO's recent report. From 1Q21 to 2Q21, the population of GEO's immigrant processing centers has increased by approximately 100%, compared to the same period increase of 10% in the population of their USMS facilities. Currently, a large portion of border facilities and processing centers are wildly above capacity. Here is an excerpt from an NBC news article published on July 31, 2021. As of Saturday, border patrol processing facilities were holding migrants 585 percent above capacity. In the Rio Grande Valley, the busiest sector for border crossings, there were 6,671 immigrants being held in facilities meant for 965 people, according to one of the officials, leading to the spread of Covid-19, other viruses and lice among migrants. With some facilities presently at 500% capacity, cutting the total capacity as much as 73% would result in complete disaster. We firmly believe that until the border crisis subsides, it is unlikely that the government will cut ties with privately-held immigrant detainee centers. Why? Because ICE can't afford a capacity reduction. What does this mean for GEO? In their 2Q conference call, despite the executive order being in effect, GEO raised their full-year 2021 guidance. This increase represents a larger than expected boom in immigrant detainees, as well as a lower than expected impact of legislation on the core business. They now expect a full year 2021 revenue of ~$2.3 billion, a figure in line with 2018, when their share price exceeded $20. They also project a net income of ~170 million for the full year, a figure that beats 2018 by ~35 million. It appears that GEO believes that the increase in illegal immigration will offset the decrease in revenues caused by Biden's executive order, which falls in line with our thesis. Current Valuation Due to the perceived risk, GEO trades at some of the lowest valuation multiples on the market. We get GEO stock price in Excel and stock price in Google Sheets using Finsheet to compute the intrinsic valuation of GEO. Chart GEO's price is so low that it is trading at just 20% of the S&Ps PE, 21% of the S&Ps P/FCF, and 34% of the S&Ps PB ratio. The Value An important part of a discounted cash flow is the discount rate, below explains how it has been calculated. Source: author calculations The calculations below outline how an intrinsic value for GEO Group is arrived at by discounting future cash flows to their present value using the 2 stage method. We use analyst's estimates of cash flows going forward 10 years for the 1st stage, the 2nd stage assumes the company grows at a stable rate into perpetuity. GEO Group is a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT), we use funds from operations (FFO) or adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) instead of levered free cash flow for REITs. This excludes depreciation and borrowing. Ideally analysts estimates of AFFO are used, where these aren't available we use FFO. Source: author calculations Source: author calculations As you can see below, we arrive at an intrinsic value per share of $36, over 400% of the current share price. The value is greater than the 2017 high of over $34 per share. Source: author calculations Applying a 25% margin of safety, we get a price target of $27. And using a target return of 100%, we arrive at a buy price of anything $13 and below. Risks Future Legislation To summarize our viewpoint, GEO offers other services to

Key statistics relating to offenders who are in prison or under Probation Service supervision.

It covers flows into these services (receptions into prison or probation starts) and flows out (discharges from prison or probation terminations) as well as the caseload of both services at specific points in time.

Egypt: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: For that indicator, we provide data for Egypt from 2006 to 2016. The average value for Egypt during that period was 86 prisoners per 100,000 people with a minimum of 71 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2013 and a maximum of 111 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2016. The latest value from 2016 is 111 prisoners per 100,000 people. For comparison, the world average in 2016 based on 89 countries is 197 prisoners per 100,000 people.

Background: Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among people living in detention (PLD) corresponding to a five- to ten-fold increase compared to the general population. Our main study objective was to provide an updated ADHD prevalence rate for PLD, including PLD in psychiatric units. Sub-objectives included (i) comparing different ways of assessing ADHD, including DSM-5 criteria and (ii) identifying which types of PLD are more likely to have ADHD.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines and the MOOSE checklist. PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Sciences were searched combining “ADHD” and “prison” keywords and synonyms for articles published between January 1, 1966 and January 2, 2018. Potential sources of variation to the meta-analytic ADHD prevalence rate were investigated using meta-regressions and subgroups analyses.Results: The meta-analysis pooled 102 original studies including 69,997 participants. The adult ADHD prevalence rate was 26.2% (95% confidence interval: 22.7–29.6). Retrospective assessments of ADHD in childhood were associated with an increased prevalence estimate (41.1, 95% confidence interval: 34.9–47.2, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence estimate between screenings and clinical interviews in adulthood. Only three studies used the DSM-5 definition of ADHD and results were non-significantly different with other DSM versions. We found no difference according to participants' characteristics.Conclusion: Our results confirmed the high prevalence rate of ADHD among PLD, corresponding to a five-fold increase compared to the general population. In light of such high ADHD prevalence, our results reinforce the importance of addressing this critical public health issue by (i) systematically offering ADHD screening and diagnosis to all individuals entering detention, and (ii) delivering treatment, monitoring, and care for ADHD during and after detention. These strategies may help reduce recidivism and reincarceration, as well as violence in detention settings, in addition to improving the health and wellbeing of people living in detention. Additionally, our study suggests that using screening scales may be a reliable way of assessing ADHD, although caution is needed because a complete evaluation by an experienced clinician is required to provide a formal diagnosis.

The data shows the ‘conviction ratio’ for defendants from different ethnic groups.

A defendant is someone who has been accused of committing a crime. The conviction ratio is the number of defendants found guilty of a crime in court, as a percentage of all defendants who were prosecuted.

Further analyses are shown by ethnicity and sex, ethnicity and age group, and ethnicity and offence.

This data is taken from the Ministry of Justice's criminal justice statistics and published on 'Ethnicity facts and figures'.