This file contains the National Statistics Postcode Lookup (NSPL) for the United Kingdom as at August 2022 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. To download the zip file click the Download button. The NSPL relates both current and terminated postcodes to a range of current statutory geographies via ‘best-fit’ allocation from the 2021 Census Output Areas (national parks and Workplace Zones are exempt from ‘best-fit’ and use ‘exact-fit’ allocations) for England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland has the 2011 Census Output AreasIt supports the production of area based statistics from postcoded data. The NSPL is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The NSPL is issued quarterly. (File size - 184 MB).

Annual estimates of paid hours worked and earnings for UK employees by sex, and full-time and part-time, by home-based region to local and unitary authority level.

Disposable Income United Kingdom is available at Postal Code Sector level and refers to an individual or household's net income once taxes and other employer deductions are taken into account. In other words, it is the amount of money an individual has for spending on essential and non-essential goods and services.

This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 provide a comprehensive measure of relative deprivation in small areas across England. The Income Deprivation dataset is a key component of this index, capturing the proportion of the population experiencing deprivation due to low income. This dataset includes indicators such as the number of people receiving income support, jobseeker's allowance, and other income-related benefits. It is used to identify areas with high levels of income deprivation, informing policy decisions and resource allocation to address socio-economic inequalities.

The New Earnings Survey (NES) is an annual survey of the earnings of employees in Great Britain. Its primary purpose is to obtain information about the levels, distribution and make-up of earnings, and for the collective agreements that cover them.

The NES is designed to represent all categories of employees in businesses of all kinds and sizes. It provides a large amount of information on earnings and hours (including bonuses, overtime, etc) as well as industry information derived from the Inter-Departmental Business Register. It provides no information on personal characteristics of the employee apart from age and gender. Most variables are collected each year, although a few additional questions asked each year may or may not be asked in other years. The earnings, hours of work and other information relate to a specified week in April of each year.

The NES sampling frame is mainly supplied by Inland Revenue records. It is based largely on a one per cent sample of employees who are members of Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) income tax schemes. The PAYE sample is supplemented by data provided by large employers, using extracts from their payroll systems. A survey form is sent to employers, and completion is compulsory under the Statistics of Trade Act 1947. Some large businesses make automatic submissions direct from their electronic records.

Certain categories of employees are not selected: for example the Armed Forces, those employed in Enterprise Zones, private domestic service workers, occupational pensioners, non-salaried directors, those employed oversees, those working for their spouses, and clergymen holding pastoral appointments.

The NES was replaced by the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (UK Data Archive SN 6689) in 2004.

Further information on the NES can be found on the Office for National Statistics' (ONS) New Earnings Survey web page.

There are a number of issues and inconsistencies associated with the NES data. Users are advised to read the documentation carefully before using the dataset. For example, ONS advise for safety reasons that only data from 1998 onwards should be used because 1998 was the first year that annual earnings were validated properly and published.

Geographical references: postcodes
The postcodes available in these data from 1996 are pseudo-anonymised postcodes. The real postcodes are not available due to the potential risk of identification of the observations. However, these replacement postcodes retain the inherent nested characteristics of real postcodes, and will allow researchers to aggregate observations to other geographic units, e.g. wards, super output areas, etc. In the dataset, the variable of the replacement postcode is 'new_PC'.

This dataset presents the latest relative measures of deprivation across England, compiling data for 33,755 LSOAs using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 (IMD25) framework. It includes:

A ranking of neighbourhoods from most to least deprived, enabling comparative analysis rather than absolute measurement. Seven domain indices (Income; Employment; Education, Skills & Training; Health Deprivation & Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing & Services; Living Environment) which are weighted and aggregated to form the overall IMD25. Two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) Summary data for higher-level geographies (Local Authority Districts, Integrated Care Boards, etc) derived from the LSOA data.

Geographic unit: Postcodes.Data for the IoD is modelled at LSOA level. This dataset contains the postcodes within each LSOA and will report on the LSOA scores and ranks as well as provide the values for the respective local authority.

Temporal Reference This is a cross-sectional release representing a “snapshot” of relative deprivation. While previous versions (e.g., IoD2019) exist, changes to methodology, indicators and geographies mean that direct time-series comparisons should be approached with caution.

Purpose / Use Cases

To identify and compare areas of relative deprivation across England at small-area level. To support resource allocation, policymaking, service planning, and funding applications by local and national organisations. To explore the different domains of deprivation and their spatial patterns.

Caveats & Limitations

The indices measure relative deprivation only. A rank of “1” identifies the most deprived area relative to others, but this does not quantify the absolute extent of deprivation. The dataset does not identify deprived individuals nor does it measure affluence. Comparisons over time (especially across versions) are limited because of changes to data sources, indicator definitions, and geography. The data apply exclusively to England and should not be directly compared with similar indices from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

Methodological Summary

Indicators: 55 indicators used in this version (an increase from 39 in IoD2019) including new and revised measures of income benefit claimants, pupil absence, broadband connectivity, energy performance certificates, access to private gardens, noise pollution, and more. Domain weights: Income 22.5%; Employment 22.5%; Education/Skills 13.5%; Health 13.5%; Crime 9.3%; Barriers to Housing & Services 9.3%; Living Environment 9.3%. Extensive quality assurance and validation of indicators and inputs has been conducted.

View full release on GOV.UK

The General Household Survey (GHS) was a continuous national survey of people living in private households conducted on an annual basis, by the Social Survey Division of the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The main aim of the survey was to collect data on a range of core topics, covering household, family and individual information. This information was used by government departments and other organisations for planning, policy and monitoring purposes, and to present a picture of households, family and people in Great Britain. From 2008, the General Household Survey became a module of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS). In recognition, the survey was renamed the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF). The GLF closed in 2011.

Secure Access GLF
The Secure Access version includes additional, detailed variables not included in either the standard 'End User Licence' (EUL) version (see under GN 33090). Not all variables are available for all years, but extra variables that can typically be found in the Secure Access version but not in the EUL version relate to:

• geography: postcodes (anonymised prior to 2009)
• employment details, including economic status, self-employment, number of employees
• employment and training schemes
• reason for reduction in income
• looking for work
• benefits
• borrowing money and bill arrears
• nationality
• migration, including when arrived in UK and previous country of residence
• ethnicity
• religious identity

Prospective users of the Secure Access version of the GLF will need to fulfil additional requirements, commencing with the completion of an extra application form to demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the extra, more detailed variables, in order to obtain permission to use that version. Secure Access users must also complete face-to-face training and agree to Secure Access' User Agreement and Breaches Penalties Policy (see 'Access' section below). Therefore, users are encouraged to download and inspect the EUL version of the data prior to ordering the Secure Access version. Further details and links for all GLF studies available from the UK Data Archive can be found via the General Lifestyle Survey series web page.

Geographical references: postcodes
The postcodes available in the Secure Access version of the data prior to 2009 are pseudo-anonymised postcodes. The real postcodes were not available due to the potential risk of identification of the observations. However, these replacement postcodes retain the inherent nested characteristics of real postcodes, and will allow researchers to aggregate observations to other geographic units, e.g. wards, super output areas, etc. In the dataset, the variable of the replacement postcode is 'new_PC'.

History
The GHS started in 1971 and has been carried out continuously since then, except for breaks in 1997-1998 when the survey was reviewed, and in 1999-2000 when the survey was redeveloped. Following the 1997 review, the survey was relaunched from April 2000 with a different design. The relevant development work and the changes made are fully described in the Living in Britain report for the 2000-2001 survey. Following its review, the GHS was changed to comprise two elements: the continuous survey and extra modules, or 'trailers'. The continuous survey remained unchanged from 2000 to 2004, apart from essential adjustments to take account of, for example, changes in benefits and pensions. The GHS retained its modular structure and this allowed a number of different trailers to be included for each of those years, to a plan agreed by sponsoring government departments.

Further changes to the GHS methodology from 2005
From April 1994 to 2005, the GHS was conducted on a financial year basis, with fieldwork spread evenly from April of one year to March the following year. However, in 2005 the survey period reverted to a calendar year and the whole of the annual sample was surveyed in the nine months from April to December 2005. Future surveys will run from January to December each year, hence the title date change to single year from 2005 onwards. Since the 2005 GHS (EUL version held under SN 5640) does not cover the January-March quarter, this affects annual estimates for topics which are subject to seasonal variation. To rectify this, where the questions were the same in 2005 as in 2004-2005, the final quarter of the latter survey was added (weighted in the correct proportion) to the nine months of the 2005 survey. Furthermore, in 2005, the European Union (EU) made a legal obligation (EU-SILC) for member states to collect additional statistics on income and living conditions. In addition to this the EU-SILC data cover poverty and social exclusion. These statistics are used to help plan and monitor European social policy by comparing poverty indicators and changes over time across the EU. The EU-SILC requirement has been integrated into the GHS, leading to large-scale changes in the 2005 survey questionnaire. The trailers on 'Views of your Local Area' and 'Dental Health' were removed. Other changes were made to many of the standard questionnaire sections, details of which may be found in the GHS 2005 documentation.

Further changes to the GLF methodology from 2008
As noted above, the General Household Survey (GHS) was renamed the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF) in 2008. The sample design is the same as the GHS before, and the questionnaire remains largely the same. The main change is that the GLF then included the IHS core questions, which are common to all of the separate modules that together comprise the IHS. Some of these core questions are simply questions that were previously asked in the same or a similar format on all of the IHS component surveys (including the GLF). The core questions cover employment, smoking prevalence, general health, ethnicity, citizenship and national identity. These questions are asked by proxy if an interview is not possible with the selected respondent (that is a member of the household can answer on behalf of other respondents in the household). This is a departure from the GHS which did not ask smoking prevalence and general health questions by proxy, whereas the GLF does from 2008. For details on other changes to the GLF questionnaire, please see the GLF 2008 documentation.

Changes to the drinking section
There have been a number of revisions to the methodology that is used to produce the alcohol consumption estimates. In 2006, the average number of units assigned to the different drink types and the assumption around the average size of a wine glass was updated, resulting in significantly increased consumption estimates. In addition to the revised method, a new question about wine glass size was included in the survey in 2008. Respondents were asked whether they have consumed small (125 ml), standard (175 ml) or large (250 ml) glasses of wine. The data from this question are used when calculating the number of units of alcohol consumed by the respondent. It is assumed that a small glass contains 1.5 units, a standard glass contains 2 units and a large glass contains 3 units. (In 2006 and 2007 it was assumed that all respondents drank from a standard 175 ml glass containing 2 units.) The datasets contain the original set of variables based on the original methodology, as well as those based on the revised and (for 2008 onwards) updated methodologies. Further details on these changes are provided in the GHS 2006 and GLF/GLS 2008 documentation.

Further information may be found on the ONS GLF webpages.

Correction of erroneous variables in individual 2008 data file
The 'source of income' variables (SrcInc01-14 and SrcIncT1-T5) in the individual file for 2008 have been revised in October 2011 to correct erroneous values in the previous version.

Change in household serial number variable
The household serial number variable 'Hserial' has been replaced by the variable 'HholdId' in the 2008 individual and household files.

The second edition (September 2013) includes data for 2009-2010. Data for 2011 were added in 2017, after the ONS withdrawal of the Special Licence version.

This dataset contains categorical geographical information data files for the UK to enable the effective translation of climate data into new forms of actionable information.

These datasets have been created as part of the Earth Observation Climate Information Service (EOCIS) project, following the specific format and nature of the EOCIS Climate information at Hi-res for the UK (CHUK) grid, as specified by NCEO.

The information files cover the following attributes: * land and permanent water * tags for the devolved nation of the UK (also Eire, France, etc) * tags for the county / council / unitary authority / metropolitan or London borough * tags for the parish / community / town council * tags for the UK postcode sector * tags for appropriate administrative boundaries relating to the National Health Service * tags for appropriate administrative boundaries relating to the Fire Service * land classification * built and paved area fractions * presence of roads, railway tracks and transmission network * socioeconomic data of population, income, and educational attainment

The Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) combines information from the English Indices of deprivation (IoD). It is the Government's official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas). LSOAs are small geographical areas of approximately 1,700 people. There are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale.

The IoD is a set of relative measures of deprivation for LSOAs across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: Income, Employment, Education skills and training, Health and disability, Crime, Barriers to housing and services, and Living environment. There are also seven domain level indices and two supplementary indices - Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI) and Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI). It is published every three to five years.

IMD 2019 results were published on 26 September 2019. Calderdale results are available, using the dashboard link on this page. More information is available at Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local government: English Indices of deprivation 2019.

See also:

• IoD Infographic and themed factsheets below
• IoD opendata for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas) and wards below
• IoD 2019 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward factsheets.
• Children's Centre Boundary areas data set for a postcode checker tool which includes IMD 2019 decile for each LSOA in the children's centre reach area.
• Calderdale areas by postcode dataset for a list of postcodes in Calderdale, their ward, and the IMD 2019 decile for their LSOA.
• Exploring local income deprivation - new animation by the Office for National Statistics about income deprivation at neighbourhood level as shown by the English Index of Income Deprivation 2019