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TwitterAs a result of the COVID-19 crisis, a total 495 billion U.S. dollars of labor income were lost in the first three quarters of 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean. In September 2020, it was estimated that this income reduction represented around 19 percent of the region's total labor income and over 10 percent of its GDP. Up until that month, Latin America lost roughly 150 million jobs due to the pandemic.
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TwitterAs of May 31, about one third of people surveyed in the United States lost 10 to 25 percent of their income over the past 4 weeks due to the coronavirus pandemic. At the same time, it's the U.S. who, with 13 percent, have the highest share of respondents who lost all their income.
Are people getting financial support from their governments? A pandemic which has spread across 6 continents around the globe, coronavirus has impacted almost everyone in one way or the other. Many are (temporarily) out of job, others have been furloughed or placed on short-time work. In the United States, a country considerably seriously affected by COVID-19 as of May 2020, more than one third of the consumers who lost their income were getting financial support from their government.
Are people satisfied with their governments’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic? More than three-quarter of respondents in Germany were not getting financial help from their government as of May 2020. Nevertheless, almost half of them were quite satisfied with their government’s response to the pandemic. Same cannot be said about residents of the U.S. which made up the least satisfied respondents among the surveyed countries.
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TwitterAs of May 31, a slightly higher share respondents in the United States had lost income due to the COVID-19 pandemic than in Germany and the United Kingdom.
Coronavirus and economic stability in the U.S. Ever since the turn of the year 2020, COVID-19 has led to serious consequences around the world. The pandemic has caused over 200,000 deaths worldwide, and as of May 2020 no other country is as badly affected by the coronavirus outbreak as United States. The country has reported close to 70,000 deaths as of May 4th, 2020, and the number is growing with every day passing.
Several states in the United States have issued stay-at-home orders to their citizens which means that millions of people are unable to go to work. More than 12 million unemployment insurance claims were made in the U.S. in April 2020, as the unemployment figures were soaring. As a result, the U.S. respondents are not only quite worried about their country’s economic stability, but at the same time, they are stressed about their personal finances.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, family planning services over the world have been disrupted. There are still uncertainties about the impact on access to contraception, particularly among marginalised populations. This study aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 on women's access to contraception, focusing on those experiencing loss of income and self-isolation. The International Sexual Health and Reproductive Health (I-SHARE) survey collected data from 5,216 women in 30 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between loss of income during the pandemic, self-isolation and reduced access to contraception. Women experiencing loss of income and those who had self-isolated had reduced access to contraception (respectively aOR 2.3 and 1.7, for both p
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) ineluctably caused social distancing and unemployment, which may bring additional health risks for patients with cancer. To investigate the association of the pandemic-related impacts with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study among Chinese patients with melanoma. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to melanoma patients through social media. Demographic and clinical data, and pandemic-related impacts (unemployment and income loss) were collected. HRQoL was determined by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and its disease-specific module (the melanoma subscale, MS). A total of 135 patients with melanoma completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 55.8 ± 14.2 years, 48.1% (65/135) were male, and 17.04% (34/135) were unemployed since the epidemic. Unemployment of the patients and their family members and income loss were significantly associated with a lower FACT-G score, while the MS score was associated with the unemployment of the patients' family members. Our findings suggested that unemployment is associated with impaired HRQoL in melanoma patients during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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The majority of university students in Germany have to work to earn a living. The closure of universities and the loss of many typical student jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic particularly affected their situation. We collected data on the employment and financial situation of students at a major German university. In contrast to previous studies, we are able to analyze changes in students’ income and its composition throughout the different phases of the pandemic between January 2020 and June 2021. Students’ job income declined by 66% (total income by 19%), on average, during the first lockdown. There was a quick recovery during the reopening. Job income fell again during the second lockdown, but this decrease was only half as large as that in the first lockdown. In line with our expectations, students from non-academic backgrounds were particularly affected by job income losses and compensated by increasing loan financing, which widened pre-existing funding inequalities. The financial impact led to increased intentions to drop out (12%) and to extend studies (26%), both with a peak during the second lockdown. With respect to social background, we do not observe any differential changes in intentions. This is a rather unexpected result and contradicts the hypotheses derived from the theory.
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The Google Health COVID-19 Open Data Repository is one of the most comprehensive collections of up-to-date COVID-19-related information. Comprising data from more than 20,000 locations worldwide, it contains a rich variety of data types to help public health professionals, researchers, policymakers and others in understanding and managing the virus.
Dive into the data View the data in multi-layered graphs and charts, or for more technical users, download it into your systems or solutions to investigate specific topics of concern. The datasets provide current information on COVID-19 cases, deaths, vaccination rates, and hospitalizations. Customize your search with queries on weather, geography, and other variables. Using our visualizer, see contextualized results.
In the West Africa Economic Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries, COVID-19 is expected to affect households in many ways. First, governments might reduce social transfers to households due to the decline in revenue arising from the potential COVID-19 economic recession. Second households deriving income from vulnerable sectors such as tourism and related activities will likely face risk of unemployment or loss of income. Third an increase in prices of imported goods can also negatively impact household welfare, as a direct consequence of the increase of these imported items or as indirect increase of prices of local good manufactured using imported inputs. In this context, there is a need to produce high frequency data to help policy makers in monitoring the channels by which the pandemic affects households and assessing its distributional impact. To do so, the sample of the longitudinal survey is a sub-sample of the Enquête Harmonisée sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages (EHCVM), a harmonized household survey conducted in 2018/19 household survey in the WAEMU countries.
For Burkina Faso, the survey, which is implemented by the Institut National de la Statistique et la Demographie (INSD), is conducted using cell phone numbers of household members collected during the 2018/19 EHCVM survey. The extensive information collected in the EHCVM provides a rich set of background information for the COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of households. This background information can be leveraged to assess the differential impacts of the pandemic in the country. Every month, the sampled households will be asked a set of core questions on the key channels through which individuals and households are expected to be affected by the COVID-19-related restrictions. Employment, access to basic services, non-labor sources of income are channels likely to be impacted. The core questionnaire is complemented by questions on selected topics that rotate each month. This provides data to the government and development partners in near real-time, supporting an evidence-based response to the crisis.
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TwitterIn the WAEMU countries, COVID-19 is expected to affect households in many ways. First, governments might reduce social transfers to households due to the decline in revenue arising from the potential COVID-19 economic recession. Second households deriving income from vulnerable sectors such as tourism and related activities will likely face risk of unemployment or loss of income. Third an increase in prices of imported goods can also negatively impact household welfare, as a direct consequence of the increase of these imported items or as indirect increase of prices of local good manufactured using imported inputs. In this context, there is a need to produce high frequency data to help policy makers in monitoring the channels by which the pandemic affects households and assessing its distributional impact. To do so, the sample of the longitudinal survey will be a sub-sample of the 2018/19 household survey in each country.
For Mali, the survey which is implemented by the National Statistical Office (INSTAT), is conducted using cell phone numbers of household members collected during the 2018/19 survey. This has the advantage of conducting cost effectively welfare analysis without collecting new consumption data. The 35 minutes questionnaires covered 10 modules (knowledge, behavior, access to services, food security, employment, safety nets, shocks, etc…). Data collection is planned for six months (six rounds) and the questionnaire is designed with core modules and rotating modules. Survey data collection started on May 11th, 2020 and households are expected to be called back every three to four weeks.
The main objectives of the survey are to: • Identify type of households directly or indirectly affected by the pandemic; • Identify the main channels by which the pandemic affects households; • Provide relevant data on income and socioeconomic indicators to assess the welfare impact of the pandemic.
National coverage including rural and urban
The survey covered only households of the 2018/19 survey which excluded populations in prisons, hospitals, military barracks, and school dormitories.
Sample survey data [ssd]
The Mali COVID-19 impact monitoring survey is a high frequency Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI). The survey’s sample was drawn from the population of the 2018/19 - Enquête Harmonisée des Conditions de Vie des Ménages (EHCVM) -, which was conducted between October 2018 and July 2019. EHCVM is itself a sample survey representative at national, regional and by urban/rural. For the 7,000 HHs in EHCVM, phone numbers were collected for about 90 percent of them. Each HH has between 1-4 phone numbers. The sampling, which was similar across WAEMU, aimed at having representative estimates by three zones: the capital city of Bamako, other urban areas and the rural area. The minimum sample size was 1,908 for which 1,766 were successfully interviewed, that is about 98 % of the expected minimal sample size at the national level. Given that Mali is conducting a phone survey for the first time, a total of 2,270 were drawn (25% increase) to take into account unknown non-response rates or presence of invalid numbers in the database.
The total number of completed interviews in round one is 1,766. The total number of completed interviews in round two is 1,935. The total number of completed interviews in round three is 1,901. The total number of completed interviews in round four is 1,797. The total number of completed interviews in round five is 1,766.
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
All the interview materials were translated in french for the NSO. The questionnaire was administered in local languages with about varying length (30-35 minutes) and covered the following topics: 1- Household Roster 2- Knowledge of COVID-19 3- Behaviour and Social Distancing 4- Access to Basic Services 5- Employment and Income 6- Prices and Food Security 7- Other Impacts of COVID-19 8- Income Loss 9- Coping/Shocks 10- Social Safety Nets 11- Fragility 12- Governance and socio-political crisis
At the end of data collection, the raw dateset was cleaned by the NSO. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.
The minimum sample expected is 1,809 households (with 603 households per domain). This sample was therefore 99% covered for Bamako, about 100% for other urban areas and 91% for rural areas. Overall, the minimum sample is 98% covered. This level of coverage provides reliable data at national level and for each domain.
Round one response rate was 77.8%. Round two response rate was 85.2%. Round three response rate was 83.7%. Round four response rate was 79.2%. Round five response rate was 79.7%.
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Attitudes towards the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
Topics: satisfaction with the national government in general; satisfaction with the measures of the national government to fight the Coronavirus pandemic; preferred statement with regard to the consequences of the restriction measures in the own country: health benefits are greater than economic damage, economic damage is greater than health benefits; satisfaction with solidarity between EU member states in fighting the Coronavirus pandemic; awareness of measures taken by the EU to respond to the Coronavirus pandemic; satisfaction with these measures; EU should have more competences to deal with crises such as the Coronavirus pandemic; preferred EU measures to respond to the Corona crisis; preferred statement: fight against the Coronavirus pandemic fully justifies recent limitations to individual freedom, fully opposed to any limitation of individual freedom regardless of the pandemic; attitude towards public authorities using mobile phone applications of citizens to fight the virus’ expansion; current emotional status; concern about the effect of the Coronavirus on: personal health, health of family and friends; personally experienced effects of the Coronavirus pandemic in the own country: loss of income, difficulties paying rent or bills or bank loans, use of personal savings sooner than planned, unemployment, bankruptcy, difficulties having proper and decent-quality meals, asked for financial help to family or friends, other financial issues; impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on personal situation: respondent receives help from people around, respondent helps people in need, more contact to people on the phone or via internet apps, engagement in online debates on the measures against the pandemic; use of selected online social networks in the last week; most trustworthy persons or institutions with regard to information about the Coronavirus pandemic; EU image; impact of the pandemic on EU image; participation in the last elections to the European Parliament.
Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; head of household; occupation of main income earner in the household; professional position of main income earner in the household; employment status; marital status; household composition and household size; region.
Additionally coded was: respondent ID; country; date of interview; weighting factor.
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TwitterThis dashboard is part of SDGs Today. Please see sdgstoday.orgThe world of work has been severely impacted by COVID-19. In particular, lockdown measures have resulted in significant losses in working hours and income. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is tracking these impacts and the seventh edition of its ILO Monitor indicates that 93% of the world’s population reside in countries with workplace closure measures in place.Despite a greater than expected rebound in the later half of 2020, work loss remained high for the year. The ILO estimates that 8.8% of global working hours (approximately 255 million full-time jobs) were lost in 2020, relative to the fourth quarter of 2019. These losses were particularly high in Latin America and the Caribbean , Southern Europe and Southern Asia.Working-hour losses are an aggregate indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the labour market. Estimates are made using the ILO’s ‘nowcasting’ model, which is a data-driven statistical prediction model that provides a real-time measure of the state of the labour market, drawing on real-time economic and labour market data.For more information, ILO’s contact information is available here.
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The concept of the city-region food system is gaining attention due to the need to improve food availability, quality and environmental benefits, for example through sustainable agri-food strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the importance of coherent and inclusive food governance, especially regarding food resilience, vulnerability and justice. Given that evidence from good practices is relatively sparse, it is important to better understand the role of different types of cities, regions and household characteristics. The paper's aim is to describe, analyze and attempt to explain (sub-national) regional variations of household food behavior before and during the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 using a city-region food system perspective. Informed by the literature, comprehensive survey data from 12 countries across Europe is used to describe the pre-pandemic landscape of different household food behaviors across comparable regional types. We examine how a specific economic and social shock can disrupt this behavior and the implications for city-region food systems and policies. Conclusions include the huge disruptions imposed on income-weak households and that the small city scale is the most resilient. Proposals are made that can strengthen European city-region food system resilience and sustainability, especially given that future shocks are highly likely.
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TwitterBackground: Low-income earners are particularly vulnerable to mental health, consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown restrictions, due to a temporary or permanent loss of income and livelihood, coupled with government-enforced measures of social distancing. This study evaluates the mental health status among low-income earners in southwestern Uganda during the first total COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken amongst earners whose income falls below the poverty threshold. Two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) male and female low-income earners between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age were recruited to the study. Modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tools as appropriate were used to assess anxiety, anger, and depression respectively among our respondents.Results: Severe anxiety (68.8%) followed by moderate depression (60.5%) and moderate anger (56.9%) were the most common mental health challenges experienced by low-income earners in Bushenyi district. Awareness of mental healthcare increased with the age of respondents in both males and females. A linear relationship was observed with age and depression (r = 0.154, P = 0.014) while positive correlations were observed between anxiety and anger (r = 0.254, P < 0.001); anxiety and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015) and anger and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015).Conclusion: The study shows the importance of mental health awareness in low resource settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Females were identified as persons at risk to mental depression, while anger was highest amongst young males.
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TwitterHow much income have Norwegian music companies lost due to the coronavirus pandemic and the following assignment cancellations? A survey found that most of the enterprises in the Norwegian music industry, such as concert operators or record labels, lost between zero and ****** Norwegian kroner from March 12, 2020 onwards. Nearly one quarter of the respondents even stated an income loss of over *** million kroner.
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Syntax files to replicate the analyses in the paper "Socio‑economic status, comparisons of subjective affectedness and life satisfaction during the COVID‑19 pandemic in Germany" (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03000-1) using the SOECBIAS-COVREF data: Beblo, Miriam, Jäger, Julian, Lohmann, Henning, Sattler-Bublitz, Elisabeth, & Wang, Hequn (2024). SOECBIAS-COVREF Data Set. GESIS, Cologne. Data File Version 2.0.0, https://doi.org/10.7802/2772 as well as NUTS-3 level data on COVID-19 cases and deaths by the Robert Koch Institute (https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f10774f1c63e40168479a1feb6c7ca74, last accessed: 13.01.2023) and on short-time work by the Federal Employment Agency (https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/SiteGlobals/Forms/Suche/Einzelheftsuche_Formular.html?topic_f=kurzarbeit-endg, last accessed: 05.01.2024).
Abstract: This paper examines the role of social comparisons in evaluating the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany between 2020 and 2022. Our approach drew on previous research concerning economic inequalities and reference groups, engaging with the broader literature on comparisons and subjective well-being. We hypothesized that individuals’ evaluations of their personal economic affectedness—what we term “subjective affectedness”—would be influenced not only by objective factors such as employment and income changes but also by their socioeconomic status at the onset of the pandemic. We primarily investigated how individuals evaluate their subjective affectedness in relation to others and how these evaluations varied according to their initial socioeconomic status. Additionally, we analyzed whether these comparisons influenced subjective well-being, specifically life satisfaction, during the pandemic. Our results show that individuals generally viewed themselves as economically less affected than others, including their immediate social circle, other people in Germany, and especially others in the EU. However, lower-status groups perceived both themselves and others as more affected and were more likely to assess themselves as more affected than others—even in the absence of objective factors such as job or income loss. Our findings suggest that individuals rely on personal reference groups, which leads to biased evaluations of others. Those who evaluated themselves as more affected than others also reported lower life satisfaction. Overall, our findings indicate that socioeconomic status played a crucial role in shaping evaluations and social comparisons during the pandemic.
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With the published Stata syntax files (do-files) and the data set (access after application), the results reported in the cited article can be replicated.
Self-employed persons faced severe income losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting many governments to launch financial assistance programs, including Germany. In this study, we examine whether the German emergency aid program influenced the confidence of the self-employed to survive the crisis. For this purpose, we conducted an online survey of more than 20,000 self-employed individuals. Our analysis applies a treatment effects model with propensity score matching. As a result, we find that the program significantly increased the subjective survival probability among the self-employed. The effect depends on the level of education, the industry, as well as the speed of the payout.
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In many high-income economies, the recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented declines in women’s employment. We examine how the forces that underlie this observation play out in developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa. A force affecting high- and low-income countries alike are increased childcare needs during school closures; in Nigeria, mothers of school-age children experience the largest declines in employment during the pandemic, just as in high-income countries. A key difference is the role of the sectoral distribution of employment: whereas in high-income economies reduced employment in contact-intensive services had a large impact on women, this sector plays a minor role in low-income countries. Another difference is that women’s employment rebounded much more quickly in low-income countries. We conjecture that large income losses without offsetting government transfers drive up labor supply in low-income countries during the recovery.
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TwitterTo monitor the socioeconomic impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and inform policy responses and interventions, the COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) of households was designed as part of a World Bank global initiative. For Cambodia, a total of 5 survey rounds are planned, with households being called back every 1 to 2 months. This allows for the impact of the pandemic to be tracked as it unfolds and provides data to the government and development partners in near real-time, supporting an evidence-based response to the crisis.
In June 2020, Cambodia launched a Cash Transfer Program to support poor and vulnerable households during COVID-19. To more closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 among poor and vulnerable households in Cambodia and the impact of the Cambodia's Cash Transfer Program for Poor and Vulnerable Households during COVID-19, a sample of 1,000 IDPoor households was drawn for the phone survey from the beneficiary list of the conditional cash transfer for pregnant women and children under 2.
The questionnaire covers a series of topics, such as knowledge of Covid-19 and social behavior, access to food, food insecurity, impact of the Covid-19 on income sources and coping mechanisms, access to social assistance, and impact of Covid-19 on economic activity. A modular approach is used in the questionnaire design, which allows for modules to be dropped and/or added in different waves/rounds of the survey. The questionnaire is designed to be administered between 20 to 25 minutes.
Data collection for the first round started in June 2020. The survey is implemented using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing.
National coverage and 5 geographical regions (Phnom Penh and other urban areas, Plains, Tonle Sap, Coastal, Plateau and Mountains).
The survey covered all de jure households (with a phone number) excluding prisons, hospitals, military barracks, and school dormitories.
Sample survey data [ssd]
The beneficiary list of the conditional cash transfer program for pregnant women and child under 2 was assigned into 5 strata i.e. Phnom Penh and other urban areas, Plain, Tonle Sap, Coastal, Plateau and Mountain. The sample was randomly selected with proportional to the size of the IDPoor households in each strata. The phone survey successfully interviewed 984 households in June (Round 1). In August (Round 2), 784 households have been re-interviewed and 271 replacement households were added. Of these, 841 were successfully reached again in October (Round 3), with 527 interviewed in all three rounds. In December, 1,277 households were successfully interviewed, of which 945 households were re-contacted and 332 households were added as replacement households. In March 2021, 1,309 households were interviewed, of which 991 households were re-interviewed and 318 households were replacement households. In February 2022, 812 households were successfully interviewed while only 801 households were interviewed in April 2022.
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
The Cambodia COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of households questionnaire consists of the following sections:
Round 1 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Social Economic Status - Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19 - Behavior and Social Distancing - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Shocks and Coping - Safety Nets
Round 2 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Migration - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Safety Nets - Relief Transfer
Round 3 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Social Economic Status - Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19 - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Safety Nets - Relief Transfer
Round 4 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Social Economic Status - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Shocks and Coping - Safety Nets - Relief Transfer - Payment Method
Round 5 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Social Economic Status - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Safety Nets - Relief Transfer
Round 6 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Social Economic Status - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Shocks and Coping - Safety Nets - Relief Transfer - Education - SWIFT
Round 7 - Interview Information - Household Roster - Social Economic Status - Disability - Access to Basic Services - Employment - Income Loss - FIES - Shocks and Coping - Safety Nets - Relief Transfer - Education - SWIFT
At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the research team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.
Only households that consented to being successfully interviewed were kept in the dataset, and all personal information and internal survey variables were dropped from the clean dataset.
Replacement sampling approach was applied to reach the target sample.
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How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected boundaries of solidarity? Human-induced crises that impose asymmetric costs tend to sharpen pre-existing divides, but natural disasters often strengthen solidarity. The pandemic possesses properties of both kinds of crisis. In a panel survey conducted in Northern Italy, the initial epicenter of the pandemic, we asked respondents to complete conjoint tasks querying who was likely to violate health guidelines (wave 1) and who should be prioritized for vaccine distribution (wave 2). We find that while discrimination towards the rich is nearly universal, bias against other outgroups depends on ideology and personal experience with the crisis. Leftwing individuals display discrimination towards partisan outgroups, while those on the right display ethnic bias. However, this effect is conditional: those who suffered a significant income loss but no health effects display heightened discrimination, while respondents who experienced COVID-19 as a personal health crisis are less likely to penalize outgroups.
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TwitterIncome statistics (percentage with, median, mean, aggregates, income share) for various income sources and taxes (total income, employment income, government transfers, employment insurance, income taxes, etc.) in constant 2020 dollars by the percentage change in income between 2019 and 2020, age and gender for Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions.
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TwitterEvictions are a serious risk for households facing job loss and economic upheaval during the COVID-19 pandemic, and temporary policies put in place to protect renters are beginning to expire. To understand how the crisis is affecting evictions, we measured eviction filing activity across 44 cities and counties. As of July 7, 2020, eviction filings have almost returned to their prepandemic levels in places where local bans have expired or where they were never enacted. We find that eviction filings tend to surge after temporary policies expire much more in places that enacted both filing bans and hearing bans than those that enacted just hearing bans while allowing filings to continue. As federal stimulus supplements for the unemployed expire, evictions are likely to increase for households that have lost work because of the crisis unless there is material improvement in the economy (Mervosh 2020).
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TwitterAs a result of the COVID-19 crisis, a total 495 billion U.S. dollars of labor income were lost in the first three quarters of 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean. In September 2020, it was estimated that this income reduction represented around 19 percent of the region's total labor income and over 10 percent of its GDP. Up until that month, Latin America lost roughly 150 million jobs due to the pandemic.