100+ datasets found
  1. Per capita disposable income of households in China 1990-2024

    • statista.com
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    Statista, Per capita disposable income of households in China 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278698/annual-per-capita-income-of-households-in-china/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    In 2024, the average annual per capita disposable income of households in China amounted to approximately 41,300 yuan. Annual per capita income in Chinese saw a significant rise over the last decades and is still rising at a high pace. During the last ten years, per capita disposable income roughly doubled in China. Income distribution in China As an emerging economy, China faces a large number of development challenges, one of the most pressing issues being income inequality. The income gap between rural and urban areas has been stirring social unrest in China and poses a serious threat to the dogma of a “harmonious society” proclaimed by the communist party. In contrast to the disposable income of urban households, which reached around 54,200 yuan in 2024, that of rural households only amounted to around 23,100 yuan. Coinciding with the urban-rural income gap, income disparities between coastal and western regions in China have become apparent. As of 2023, households in Shanghai and Beijing displayed the highest average annual income of around 84,800 and 81,900 yuan respectively, followed by Zhejiang province with 63,800 yuan. Gansu, a province located in the West of China, had the lowest average annual per capita household income in China with merely 25,000 yuan. Income inequality in China The Gini coefficient is the most commonly used measure of income inequality. For China, the official Gini coefficient also indicates the astonishing inequality of income distribution in the country. Although the Gini coefficient has dropped from its high in 2008 at 49.1 points, it still ranged at a score of 46.5 points in 2023. The United Nations have set an index value of 40 as a warning level for serious inequality in a society.

  2. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita: Median

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Oct 15, 2025
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    CEICdata.com (2025). China Disposable Income per Capita: Median [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita/disposable-income-per-capita-median
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 15, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 1, 2013 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    China Disposable Income per Capita: Median data was reported at 34,707.000 RMB in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 33,036.000 RMB for 2023. China Disposable Income per Capita: Median data is updated yearly, averaging 25,429.800 RMB from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2024, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34,707.000 RMB in 2024 and a record low of 15,632.085 RMB in 2013. China Disposable Income per Capita: Median data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita.

  3. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China 1985-2030

    • statista.com
    Updated Oct 16, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China 1985-2030 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/263775/gross-domestic-product-gdp-per-capita-in-china/
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 16, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    The graph shows per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in China until 2024, with forecasts until 2030. In 2024, per capita GDP reached around 13,300 U.S. dollars in China. That year, the overall GDP of China had amounted to 18.7 trillion U.S. dollars. Per capita GDP in China Gross domestic product is a commonly-used economic indicator for measuring the state of a country's economy. GDP is the total market value of goods and services produced in a country within a given period of time, usually a year. Per capita GDP is defined as the GDP divided by the total number of people in the country. This indicator is generally used to compare the economic prosperity of countries with varying population sizes.In 2010, China overtook Japan and became the world’s second-largest economy. As of 2024, it was the largest exporter and the second largest importer in the world. However, one reason behind its economic strength lies within its population size. China has to distribute its wealth among 1.4 billion people. By 2023, China's per capita GDP was only about one fourth as large as that of main industrialized countries. When compared to other emerging markets, China ranked second among BRIC countries in terms of GDP per capita. Future development According to projections by the IMF, per capita GDP in China will escalate from around 13,300 U.S. dollars in 2024 to 18,600 U.S. dollars in 2030. Major reasons for this are comparatively high economic growth rates combined with negative population growth. China's economic structure is also undergoing changes. A major trend lies in the shift from an industry-based to a service-based economy.

  4. T

    China GDP per capita

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • id.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Dec 15, 2024
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2024). China GDP per capita [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp-per-capita
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    csv, json, excel, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 15, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 31, 1960 - Dec 31, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    The Gross Domestic Product per capita in China was last recorded at 13121.68 US dollars in 2024. The GDP per Capita in China is equivalent to 104 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides - China GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  5. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd: Median

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Oct 15, 2025
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    CEICdata.com (2025). China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd: Median [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita/disposable-income-per-capita-ytd-median
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 15, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2022 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Median data was reported at 9,939.286 RMB in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 34,707.000 RMB for Dec 2024. China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Median data is updated quarterly, averaging 14,897.000 RMB from Mar 2013 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34,707.000 RMB in Dec 2024 and a record low of 4,117.200 RMB in Mar 2013. China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Median data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita.

  6. Disposable income per capita in China 2023, by geographic region

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 29, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Disposable income per capita in China 2023, by geographic region [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1184088/per-capita-annual-income-in-china-by-geographic-region/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2023
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    The annual per capita disposable income of households in China varies greatly in different geographic regions of the country. In 2023, the disposable annual income of residents in Eastern China reached around ****** yuan.

  7. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Feb 15, 2025
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    CEICdata.com (2025). China Disposable Income per Capita [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita/disposable-income-per-capita
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Feb 15, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 1, 2013 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    China Disposable Income per Capita data was reported at 41,314.000 RMB in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 39,217.975 RMB for 2023. China Disposable Income per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 3,721.335 RMB from Dec 1949 (Median) to 2024, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41,314.000 RMB in 2024 and a record low of 49.700 RMB in 1949. China Disposable Income per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita.

  8. T

    China Urban Households Disposable Income per Capita

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • zh.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Dec 15, 2024
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2024). China Urban Households Disposable Income per Capita [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/china/disposable-personal-income
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    csv, xml, excel, jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 15, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 31, 1978 - Dec 31, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    Disposable Personal Income in China increased to 54188 CNY in 2024 from 51821 CNY in 2023. This dataset provides - China Disposable Income per Capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  9. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Apr 8, 2018
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    CEICdata.com (2018). China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 8, 2018
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2022 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    Disposable Income per Capita: ytd data was reported at 12,179.263 RMB in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 41,314.000 RMB for Dec 2024. Disposable Income per Capita: ytd data is updated quarterly, averaging 17,076.000 RMB from Dec 2012 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41,314.000 RMB in Dec 2024 and a record low of 5,006.090 RMB in Mar 2013. Disposable Income per Capita: ytd data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

  10. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd: Wage and Salary

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Oct 15, 2025
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    CEICdata.com (2025). China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd: Wage and Salary [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita/disposable-income-per-capita-ytd-wage-and-salary
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 15, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2022 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Wage and Salary data was reported at 6,975.788 RMB in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 23,327.000 RMB for Dec 2024. China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Wage and Salary data is updated quarterly, averaging 10,104.000 RMB from Mar 2013 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23,327.000 RMB in Dec 2024 and a record low of 2,849.430 RMB in Mar 2013. China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Wage and Salary data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita.

  11. Disposable income per capita in China 2023, by region

    • statista.com
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Disposable income per capita in China 2023, by region [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278854/available-income-per-household-in-china-by-region/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2023
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    This statistic shows the average annual disposable income per capita of households in China in 2023, by region. In 2023, disposable per capita income in Gansu province amounted to approximately ****** yuan.

  12. Per capita disposable income in urban and rural China 1990-2024

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 29, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Per capita disposable income in urban and rural China 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/259451/annual-per-capita-disposable-income-of-rural-and-urban-households-in-china/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    In 2024, the average annual per capita disposable income of rural households in China was approximately ****** yuan, roughly ** percent of the income of urban households. Although living standards in China’s rural areas have improved significantly over the past 20 years, the income gap between rural and urban households is still large. Income increase of China’s households From 2000 to 2020, disposable income per capita in China increased by around *** percent. The fast-growing economy has inevitably led to the rapid income increase. Furthermore, inflation has been maintained at a lower rate in recent years compared to other countries. While the number of millionaires in China has increased, many of its population are still living in humble conditions. Consequently, the significant wealth gap between China’s rich and poor has become a social problem across the country. However, in recent years rural areas have been catching up and disposable income has been growing faster than in the cities. This development is also reflected in the Gini coefficient for China, which has decreased since 2008. Urbanization in China The urban population in China surpassed its rural population for the first time in 2011. In fact, the share of the population residing in urban areas is continuing to increase. This is not surprising considering remote, rural areas are among the poorest areas in China. Currently, poverty alleviation has been prioritized by the Chinese government. The measures that the government has taken are related to relocation and job placement. With the transformation and expansion of cities to accommodate the influx of city dwellers, neighboring rural areas are required for the development of infrastructure. Accordingly, land acquisition by the government has resulted in monetary gain by some rural households.

  13. Per capita GDP in Beijing, China 2014-2024

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 29, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Per capita GDP in Beijing, China 2014-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/989807/china-per-capita-gdp-beijing/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    In 2024, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Beijing municipality amounted to around ******* yuan, up from ******* yuan in 2015. Beijing is the capital city of China and after Shanghai the second largest city in the country. Per capita GDP development in Beijing Beijing saw an amazingly steady development of per capita GDP over the last decades, with nominal figures roughly doubling over the last ten years and exceeding ****** U.S. dollars for the first time in 2017. When compared on a national provincial and municipal level, Beijing displays the highest per capita GDP figures in China. From a city perspective, only very few Chinese cities indicate per capita GDP values on a comparable or higher level. Compared to other countries in the Asian Pacific region, Beijing’s per capita GDP is in the middle field and still considerably lower than the national average in developed East Asian countries. People’s income situation in Beijing As with per capita GDP, disposable income per person living in Beijing improved steadily over time. Real growth rates of disposable income slowed down in recent years but still indicated a robust positive development. Although overall consumer price inflation was consistently low in Beijing, prices for housing, child-related services, and eating out exploded over the years, leaving the impression for many lower income families that life in Beijing is no longer affordable.

  14. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd: Net Business Income

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Oct 15, 2025
    + more versions
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    CEICdata.com (2025). China Disposable Income per Capita: ytd: Net Business Income [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita/disposable-income-per-capita-ytd-net-business-income
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 15, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2022 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Net Business Income data was reported at 2,070.980 RMB in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,908.000 RMB for Dec 2024. China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Net Business Income data is updated quarterly, averaging 2,804.597 RMB from Mar 2013 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,908.000 RMB in Dec 2024 and a record low of 968.290 RMB in Mar 2013. China Disposable Income per Capita: Year to Date: Net Business Income data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita.

  15. T

    China GDP per capita PPP

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ar.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Mar 14, 2024
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2024). China GDP per capita PPP [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp-per-capita-ppp
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    json, xml, excel, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Mar 14, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 31, 1990 - Dec 31, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    The Gross Domestic Product per capita in China was last recorded at 23845.62 US dollars in 2024, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in China, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 134 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides - China GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

  16. Per capita disposable income of rural households in China 2023, by income...

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 29, 2025
    + more versions
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    Statista (2025). Per capita disposable income of rural households in China 2023, by income group [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278723/annual-per-capita-disposable-income-of-households-in-china-by-income-category/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2023
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    This statistic shows the annual per capita income of rural households in China in 2023, by income category. In 2023, the annual per capita income of rural households in the low income category in China was approximately ***** yuan.

  17. Disposable income per capita in urban China 2023, by region

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 29, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Disposable income per capita in urban China 2023, by region [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278856/china-per-capita-annual-income-in-urban-areas-by-region/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2023
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    This statistic shows the average annual per capita disposable income of urban households in China in 2023, by region. In 2023, the per capita disposable income in urban areas of Shanghai amounted to approximately ****** yuan.

  18. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in China 2024, by region

    • statista.com
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    Statista, Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in China 2024, by region [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1093666/china-per-capita-gross-domestic-product-gdp-by-province/
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    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2024
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    In 2024, the annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in different provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China varied from approximately 228,200 yuan in Beijing municipality to roughly 52,800 yuan in Gansu province. The average national per capita GDP crossed the threshold of 10,000 U.S. dollars in 2019 and reached around 95,700 yuan in 2024. Regional economic differences in China The level of economic development varies considerably in different parts of China. Four major geographic and economic regions can be discerned in the country: The economically advanced coastal regions in the east, less developed regions in Northeast and Central China, and the developing regions in the west. This division has deep historical roots reflecting the geography of each region and their political past and present. Furthermore, regional economic development closely correlates with regional urbanization rates, which closely resembles the borders of the four main economic regions. Private income in different parts of China Breaking the average income figures further down by province, municipality, or autonomous region reveals that the average disposable income in Shanghai or Beijing is on average more than three times higher than in Tibet or Gansu province. In rural areas, average disposable income is often only between one third and one half of that in urban areas of the same region. Accordingly, consumer expenditure per capita in urban areas reaches the highest levels in Shanghai, Beijing, and the coastal regions of China.

  19. Per capita disposable income of urban households in China 1990-2024

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 29, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Per capita disposable income of urban households in China 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/289186/china-per-capita-disposable-income-urban-households/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 29, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    China
    Description

    In 2024, average annual per capita disposable income of urban households in China amounted to around ****** yuan. Per capita urban disposable income in China increased continuously over the last decades.

  20. C

    China Disposable Income per Capita: YoY: ytd(Real)

    • ceicdata.com
    Updated Feb 7, 2025
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    CEICdata.com (2025). China Disposable Income per Capita: YoY: ytd(Real) [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/income-per-capita/disposable-income-per-capita-yoy-ytdreal
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 7, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Mar 1, 2022 - Dec 1, 2024
    Area covered
    China
    Variables measured
    Household Income and Expenditure Survey
    Description

    China Disposable Income per Capita: YoY: Year to Date(Real) data was reported at 5.600 % in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.100 % for Dec 2024. China Disposable Income per Capita: YoY: Year to Date(Real) data is updated quarterly, averaging 6.500 % from Dec 2013 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.700 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of -3.900 % in Mar 2020. China Disposable Income per Capita: YoY: Year to Date(Real) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table CN.HD: Income per Capita.

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Statista, Per capita disposable income of households in China 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278698/annual-per-capita-income-of-households-in-china/
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Per capita disposable income of households in China 1990-2024

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21 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Area covered
China
Description

In 2024, the average annual per capita disposable income of households in China amounted to approximately 41,300 yuan. Annual per capita income in Chinese saw a significant rise over the last decades and is still rising at a high pace. During the last ten years, per capita disposable income roughly doubled in China. Income distribution in China As an emerging economy, China faces a large number of development challenges, one of the most pressing issues being income inequality. The income gap between rural and urban areas has been stirring social unrest in China and poses a serious threat to the dogma of a “harmonious society” proclaimed by the communist party. In contrast to the disposable income of urban households, which reached around 54,200 yuan in 2024, that of rural households only amounted to around 23,100 yuan. Coinciding with the urban-rural income gap, income disparities between coastal and western regions in China have become apparent. As of 2023, households in Shanghai and Beijing displayed the highest average annual income of around 84,800 and 81,900 yuan respectively, followed by Zhejiang province with 63,800 yuan. Gansu, a province located in the West of China, had the lowest average annual per capita household income in China with merely 25,000 yuan. Income inequality in China The Gini coefficient is the most commonly used measure of income inequality. For China, the official Gini coefficient also indicates the astonishing inequality of income distribution in the country. Although the Gini coefficient has dropped from its high in 2008 at 49.1 points, it still ranged at a score of 46.5 points in 2023. The United Nations have set an index value of 40 as a warning level for serious inequality in a society.

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