This repository contains data and replication code for the article "Income volatility and mobility: A conceptual exploration of two frameworks", published in the journal, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility (2018-02)

Aside from two outliers the majority of Vanguard's fixed-income securities were projected to have an average 10-year annualized volatility rate of under six percent. Fixed income is used to refer to any investment in which a borrower/issuer is required to pay interest to the lender on the amount given. Due to the stable nature of fixed-income products in comparison to other securities such as equities the level of volatility is comparably low.

As of 2023, Vanguard's U.S. high-yield corporate bonds were forecast to provide the highest 10-year annualized return spread with a minimum forecast return of 6.1 percent. Emerging markets sovereign bonds came in second place with possible returns forecast to range from a possible 5.6 to 6.6 percent. These two securities were also forecast to have the highest medium volatility over a 10-year investment period.

JELD-WEN is poised for its quarterly earnings release, anticipated amidst market challenges and prior revenue shortfalls.

In response to income fluctuations, households smooth consumption by substituting between market expenditure and time inputs. This paper provides evidence of this substitution in the context of food consumption over transitory and permanent income fluctuations in Mexico. Household time investments drive a wedge between consumption and expenditure, amplifying measured expenditure volatility. Volatility decompositions for Mexico and the United States suggest that the extent of bias in expenditure-based measures induced by changes in marketization is relatively larger in the Mexican setting. These findings imply that volatility comparisons between commodities or across countries are misleading when consumption measures ignore home production. (JEL D12, D91, E21, E32, O11, O12)

This study employs the estimation of aggregate import demand under foreign exchange constraints in Ethiopia, utilizing annual time series data from 1985 to 2021. The regression analysis is conducted using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to investigate the impact of the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves on aggregate import demand in Ethiopia. The estimation results indicate that, in the long run, all the variables, i.e., foreign exchange reserve, the relative price of imports, real income, volatility of the exchange rate, money supply, and policy dummy, significantly determine the behavior of aggregate imports over the reference period. The findings also show that, in the long run, foreign exchange reserve, real income, and the exchange rate positively affect the demand for imports in Ethiopia. Meanwhile, a positive shock in relative import price and money supply negatively affects import demand in Ethiopia. Thus, the price and income elasticity estimates have correct signs and are statistically significant. The variables included in the model strongly affect import demand in both the short and long run. Finally, policymakers aiming to significantly influence import demand should focus on effective management of these variables, as they strongly affect import volume.

Taiwan Life Insurance: Changes in Provision for Foreign Exchange Volatility Reserves data was reported at 15.957 NTD bn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.275 NTD bn for 2016. Taiwan Life Insurance: Changes in Provision for Foreign Exchange Volatility Reserves data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 NTD bn from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2017, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.275 NTD bn in 2016 and a record low of -26.804 NTD bn in 2014. Taiwan Life Insurance: Changes in Provision for Foreign Exchange Volatility Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Taiwan Insurance Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Taiwan – Table TW.RG010: Life Insurance: Income Statement.

Over two-fifths of respondents to a 2021 survey purchased fixed income ETFs - or exchange traded funds - during periods of heightened market volatility, such as during the economic collapse caused by the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020. The least common response was to reduce ETF positions, which was chosen by 28 percent of respondents.

Indicators contributing to the assessment of the performance of the Common Agricultural Policy.

One of the main objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is to ensure a fair standard of living for the agricultural community, in particular by increasing the individual earnings of farmers and agricultural employees engaged in agriculture.

Agricultural income is lagging behind income compared to the rest of the economy and it is more volatile due to agricultural price volatility and to risks stemming from climate change. CAP income support helps to stabilise farm income as illustrated in the dashboard, while at the same time it remunerates farmers for the delivery of public goods related to environment, biodiversity, climate and landscape features.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant event of the current century, introducing substantial transformations in economic and social activities worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and Pakistan stock market (PSX) return volatility. To assess the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and the PSX return volatility, we collected secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the PSX website, specifically focusing on the PSX 100 index, spanning from March 15, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We used the GARCH family models for measuring the volatility and the COVID-19 impact on the stock market performance. Our E-GARCH findings show that there is long-term persistence in the return volatility of the stock market of Pakistan in the period of the COVID-19 timeline because ARCH alpha (ω1) and GARCH beta (ω2) are significant. Moreover, is asymmetrical effect is found in the stock market of Pakistan during the COVID-19 period due to Gamma (ѱ) being significant for PSX. Our DCC-GARCH results show that the COVID-19 active cases have a long-term spillover impact on the Pakistan stock market. Therefore, the need of strong planning and alternative platform should be needed in the distress period to promote the stock market and investor should advised to make diversified international portfolio by investing in high and low volatility stock market to save their income. This study advocated the implications for investors to invest in low volatility stock especially during the period of pandemics to protect their return on investment. Moreover, policy makers and the regulators can make effective policies to maintain financial stability during pandemics that is very important for the country’s economic development.

Great Lakes Dredge & Dock (GLDD) is set to announce its earnings amidst market volatility. Analysts project a 16.2% revenue growth, with a current stock price decline of 12.9%.

Historical price and volatility data for US Dollar in Universal Basic Income across different time periods.

Net income attributable to the Ford Motor Company was around 5.9 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, which represented a year-over-year increase for the company. Amid the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in the company's largest markets, Ford's revenue contracted by 22 percent and fell to 127 billion U.S. dollars in 2020, but have rebounded since. However, automotive supply chain disruptions due to the semiconductor shortage and Russia's invasion of Ukraine contributed to the net loss the company recorded in 2022. By 2023, despite disruptions due to strikes in Ford's U.S. assembly plants, the company recorded a steep year-over-year net income growth. The fiscal year end of the company is December, 31st. Market acceptance woes The year-on-year decrease recorded in 2022 was also driven by losses on the Chinese market, which came to a halt amid national lockdowns due to the pandemic. Other performance indicators faired better in 2022, but higher costs and expenses impacted the company's net income. These increased costs were in parts due to the global chip shortage affecting Ford's manufacturing plants. By 2024, Ford's total costs and expenses had increased, though the company further reported an increased market acceptance: Vehicle wholesales grew from 4.2 million to around 4.5 million units between 2022 and 2024. Costs outweigh earnings in times of crisis Net income attributable to the Ford Motor Company has been very volatile over the course of the past decade. The Detroit car manufacturer produced net losses of almost 15 billion U.S. dollars in the wake of the 2008-09 financial crisis. However, recovery was relatively quick, and the automaker brought net income close to 16.9 billion U.S. dollars in 2011. In 2020, Ford was unable to avoid falling in the red. Its 2021 recovery did not last in 2022, as external market challenges contributed to the third highest losses recorded by the company since 2007.

Exxon Mobil expects a significant dip in its fourth-quarter earnings, citing volatile oil prices as a key factor influencing its financial results.

The Fixed Income Investment Management market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing institutional and individual investor demand for stable returns in an uncertain economic climate. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $15 trillion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors, including rising global debt levels, persistent low interest rates in many developed economies stimulating demand for fixed-income securities, and the increasing adoption of sophisticated investment strategies like ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing within the fixed-income space. The increasing complexity of global financial markets further contributes to demand for professional fixed-income management services from both enterprises and individuals seeking diversification and risk mitigation. Segment-wise, Core Fixed Income continues to dominate the market, albeit with Alternative Credit witnessing faster growth driven by the search for higher yields. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold the largest market share, although rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific are poised for significant growth in the coming years. The market faces some restraints such as interest rate volatility and regulatory changes impacting investment strategies, but the overall outlook remains positive. The key players in the Fixed Income Investment Management industry include established giants such as Vanguard, Pimco, Fidelity, and American Funds, alongside other significant players like Great-West Lifeco, Oppenheimer Funds, and T. Rowe Price. These firms are constantly adapting their strategies to meet evolving investor needs, incorporating technological advancements and innovative approaches to risk management. The competitive landscape is characterized by both intense competition and collaboration, as firms strive to offer superior performance and client service in a dynamic market environment. The continued expansion of the market presents significant opportunities for existing players to increase their market share and for new entrants to establish themselves within the industry. The ongoing shift towards passive investment strategies alongside the rise of actively managed alternatives presents a critical dynamic impacting both competition and investment trends within the sector.

Deere & Company is ready to announce its quarterly earnings, facing a challenging market with a projected 12.8% revenue decline, while peers show mixed financial results. Investors remain cautiously optimistic.

Historical price and volatility data for Automated Income Machine in Chinese Yuan Renminbi across different time periods.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Day Trading Software market size is USD 7251.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.00% from 2024 to 2031. North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 2900.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2024 to 2031. Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 2175.36 million. Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1666.78 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.00% from 2024 to 2031. Latin America had a market share for more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 362.56 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.4% from 2024 to 2031. Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 145.02 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.7% from 2024 to 2031. The Cloud based held the highest Day Trading Software market revenue share in 2024. Market Dynamics of Day Trading Software Market Key Drivers for Day Trading Software Market Rise of Retail Investors to Increase the Demand Globally The aid of numerous factors propels the surge in retail traders' engagement within the inventory market. Online agents offering commission-loose trading have democratized making an investment, making it greater on hand to the loads. Additionally, the arrival of day trading software equips these rookies with advanced equipment and analytics, empowering them to navigate the markets with self-belief. This trend marks a good-sized shift within the funding panorama as individuals take extra management in their financial futures, leveraging technology to capitalize on market opportunities. As retail buyers keep growing in effect, their effect on market dynamics and funding strategies is poised to reshape conventional notions of investing. Volatility in the Markets to Propel Market Growth Market volatility creates a fertile floor for day investors looking for brief-term gains. During such periods, day buying and selling software becomes valuable, allowing traders to hastily perceive and capitalize on fleeting opportunities. These software program solutions employ advanced algorithms and real-time records evaluation to pinpoint ability trades, empowering investors to execute transactions rapidly. By leveraging that equipment, day traders can navigate turbulent marketplace conditions with extra precision and agility, maximizing their income capacity. However, buyers need to work on warning and rent risk management techniques to mitigate the inherent volatility risks. Ultimately, for adept day buyers, market turbulence can be harnessed as a pathway to moneymaking returns inside the ever-evolving landscape of financial markets. Restraint Factor for the Day Trading Software Market Steep Learning Curve to Limit the Sales Indeed, getting to know day trading software entails navigating a steep knowledge curve, frequently daunting for rookies. The software's intricate features and functionalities demand a giant investment of effort and time. Moreover, scalability in financial market intricacies is important for powerful usage. This mastering barrier poses a great mission for brand-spanking new entrants, probably deterring them from completely engaging in day buying and selling activities. To triumph over this impediment, comprehensive instructional resources and mentorship applications can be priceless, imparting structured steering and realistic insights. Additionally, simulated buying and selling environments offer a risk-free area for beginners to hone their skills earlier than venturing into live markets. Ultimately, while the complexity of day trading software programs may additionally pose preliminary hurdles, determination and perseverance can pave the manner to proficiency and fulfillment inside the dynamic realm of day buying and selling. Impact of Covid-19 on the Day Trading Software Market The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the day-buying and selling software program marketplace. With accelerated marketplace volatility and a surge in retail trading activity, the call for such software programs soared as individuals sought to capitalize on marketpla...

Inter Parfums is set to announce its earnings, with forecasts predicting a 10.1% revenue growth, mirroring positive sentiments in the personal care sector despite a recent share price dip.

Purchasing fixed income exchange traded fund (ETF) products was the preferred option of professional investors in China to manage periods of heightened market volatility, such as the economic crash caused by the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020. In a 2021 survey, just over half of respondents from Greater China cited this as their top strategy. This was also the top response in the United States, but only the second most popular among European investors.