The OECD Income Distribution database (IDD) has been developed to benchmark and monitor countries' performance in the field of income inequality and poverty. It contains a number of standardised indicators based on the central concept of "equivalised household disposable income", i.e. the total income received by the households less the current taxes and transfers they pay, adjusted for household size with an equivalence scale. While household income is only one of the factors shaping people's economic well-being, it is also the one for which comparable data for all OECD countries are most common. Income distribution has a long-standing tradition among household-level statistics, with regular data collections going back to the 1980s (and sometimes earlier) in many OECD countries.

Achieving comparability in this field is a challenge, as national practices differ widely in terms of concepts, measures, and statistical sources. In order to maximise international comparability as well as inter-temporal consistency of data, the IDD data collection and compilation process is based on a common set of statistical conventions (e.g. on income concepts and components). The information obtained by the OECD through a network of national data providers, via a standardized questionnaire, is based on national sources that are deemed to be most representative for each country.

Small changes in estimates between years should be treated with caution as they may not be statistically significant.

Fore more details, please refer to: https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/IDD-Metadata.pdf and https://www.oecd.org/social/income-distribution-database.htm

The average for 2021 based on 71 countries was 27.53 percent. The highest value was in Colombia: 43.7 percent and the lowest value was in Slovakia: 19.1 percent. The indicator is available from 1963 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

With only ***** euros after accounting for purchasing power parity (PPP), Yemen had the lowest average income per adult worldwide in 2022. However, most of the countries on the list are located in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Cross-national research on the causes and consequences of income inequality has been hindered by the limitations of the existing inequality datasets: greater coverage across countries and over time has been available from these sources only at the cost of significantly reduced comparability across observations. The goal of the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) is to meet the needs of those engaged in broadly cross-national research by maximizing the comparability of income inequality data while maintaining the widest possible coverage across countries and over time. The SWIID’s income inequality estimates are based on thousands of reported Gini indices from hundreds of published sources, including the OECD Income Distribution Database, the Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean generated by CEDLAS and the World Bank, Eurostat, the World Bank’s PovcalNet, the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, national statistical offices around the world, and academic studies while minimizing reliance on problematic assumptions by using as much information as possible from proximate years within the same country. The data collected and harmonized by the Luxembourg Income Study is employed as the standard. The SWIID currently incorporates comparable Gini indices of disposable and market income inequality for 199 countries for as many years as possible from 1960 to the present; it also includes information on absolute and relative redistribution.

The average for 2021 based on 133 countries was 38.13 percent. The highest value was in Syria: 91.06 percent and the lowest value was in Cambodia: 10.71 percent. The indicator is available from 2000 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Belgium BE: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 8.100 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.900 % for 2020. Belgium BE: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 9.100 % from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2021, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.500 % in 2015 and a record low of 6.000 % in 1985. Belgium BE: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belgium – Table BE.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

The adjusted net national income per capita worldwide stood at 9,707.19 U.S. dollars in 2021. Between 1970 and 2021, the net national income per capita rose by 9,011.28 U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend.

Global Income Inequality Dataset (2000–2023)

Overview

This dataset provides a comprehensive look at global income inequality from the year 2000 to 2023. It includes key indicators such as Gini index, average income, income distribution across different population percentiles, and income group classifications for 30 countries worldwide. The dataset offers insights into how income is distributed within nations and highlights disparities across different economic groups.

Data Features

• Country: The name of the country.
• Year: The year of the data point (2000–2023).
• Population: The estimated population for the given year.
• Gini Index: A measure of income inequality, where 0 represents perfect equality and 1 represents maximum inequality.
• Average Income (USD): The average income in USD for the country in the given year.
• Top 10% Income Share (%): The percentage of total income held by the top 10% of the population.
• Bottom 10% Income Share (%): The percentage of total income held by the bottom 10% of the population.
• Income Group: Categorization of the country’s income group (Low Income, Lower Middle Income, Upper Middle Income, High Income).

Potential Uses

• Economic Analysis: Understand global income inequality trends and how they vary by country and region.
• Predictive Modeling: Use the dataset to build machine learning models predicting future income inequality based on historical data.
• Policy Research: Study the impact of income distribution on policy decisions and economic growth in different nations.
• Visualization: Create heatmaps, time series charts, and more to visualize the income inequality across various countries and years.

Source

The data has been generated to simulate realistic income inequality patterns based on publicly available data on global economic trends.

Upvote if its helpful for you Thank You Dive into the intricate relationship between happiness and income inequality with our comprehensive dataset sourced from the World Bank. Uncover key insights into how nations' happiness levels may be influenced by economic disparities. Explore the nuances of global well-being and socioeconomic factors, shedding light on the intricate connections between happiness and income distribution on a worldwide scale. Harness the power of data to gain valuable insights into the factors that contribute to societal contentment and address the complexities of global happiness. Columns in dataset are: Column Names: ['country', 'adjusted_satisfaction', 'avg_satisfaction', 'std_satisfaction', 'avg_income', 'median_income', 'income_inequality', 'region', 'happyScore', 'GDP', 'country.1']

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The World Bank, the World Inequality Database (WID), and the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) are all sources of data on poverty and inequality. They differ in terms of the income measure they use, the countries they cover, and the frequency of their data updates.

The World Bank uses a measure of income after taxes and transfers, which is called disposable income. It covers a wide range of countries, but the data is not updated as frequently as the data from the other two sources. The WID uses a measure of net national income after taxes, which is called net national income per adult. It covers a smaller range of countries than the World Bank, but the data is updated more frequently. The LIS uses a measure of disposable household income per capita. It covers a smaller range of countries than the World Bank or the WID, but the data is very detailed and goes back further in time. In general, the LIS data is considered to be the most reliable source of data on poverty and inequality. However, the World Bank and WID data are also useful, especially for countries that are not covered by the LIS.

Bermuda has the highest average income per adult in the world, reaching over ******* euros when accounting for purchasing power parity (PPP). Isle of Man and Qatar followed behind.

Laos LA: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 10.300 % in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.700 % for 2012. Laos LA: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 7.400 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2018, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.300 % in 2018 and a record low of 6.500 % in 2002. Laos LA: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Graph and download economic data for Gross National Income for OECD Members (NYGNPMKTPCDOED) from 1960 to 2024 about OECD Economies, GNI, and income.

Context

This data set contains global economic income indicators per country. The data has been prepared for ease of use.

The data is divided into: Male, female, dimestic credit, gross domestic product, gross national income, fixed capital formation, labour share. The individual files are briefly described below:

Income index:

Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: GNI per capita (2011 PPP International $, using natural logarithm) expressed as an index using a minimum value of $100 and a maximum value $75,000.

Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)

Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Credit to various sectors on a gross basis (except credit to the central government, which is net), expressed as a percentage of GDP.

Estimated gross national income per capita, female (2011 PPP $)

Full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men,including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and gross national income (in 2011 purchasing power parity terms).

Estimated gross national income per capita, male (2011 PPP $)

Full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men,including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and gross national income (in 2011 purchasing power parity terms).

GDP per capita (2011 PPP $)

Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: GDP in a particular period divided by the total population in the same period.

Gross domestic product (GDP), total (2011 PPP $ billions)

Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products, expressed in 2011 international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) rates.

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Value of acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets by the business sector, governments and households (excluding their unincorporated enterprises) less disposals of fixed assets, expressed as a percentage of GDP. No adjustment is made for depreciation of fixed assets.

Gross national income (GNI) per capita (2011 PPP $)

Full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men,including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Aggregate income of an economy generated by its production and its ownership of factors of production, less the incomes paid for the use of factors of production owned by the rest of the world, converted to international dollars using PPP rates, divided by midyear population.

Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers (%)

Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality Dimension: Income/composition of resources Definition: Total compensation of employees given as a percent of GDP, which is a measure of total output. Total compensation refers to the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period.

Additional Information

For more information see : http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019_technical_notes.pdf

The title picture is from https://searchengineland.com/international-ppc-deal-currency-fluctuations-245601

Haiti HT: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 18.200 % in 2012. Haiti HT: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 18.200 % from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2012, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.200 % in 2012 and a record low of 18.200 % in 2012. Haiti HT: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Haiti – Table HT.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Japan JP: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data was reported at 7.400 % in 2008. Japan JP: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data is updated yearly, averaging 7.400 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2008, with 1 observations. Japan JP: Income Share Held by Lowest 20% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

Portugal PT: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data was reported at 10.500 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.300 % for 2020. Portugal PT: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data is updated yearly, averaging 12.200 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.400 % in 2013 and a record low of 10.500 % in 2021. Portugal PT: Proportion of People Living Below 50 Percent Of Median Income: % data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.;World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.;;The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than 2000 household surveys across 169 countries. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) for details (www.pip.worldbank.org).

Since 2000, the share of the world's total labor income before tax earned by women fluctuated between ***** percent to ***** percent. This is significantly less than their male counterparts. There are also differences between the world regions.

The Tax Foundation’s publication Corporate Tax Rates around the World shows how statutory corporate income tax rates have developed since 1980, with data for over 200 jurisdictions for the year 2023. The dataset we compiled for the years 1980 to 2023 is made available as a resource for research.

Scope

The dataset compiled for this publication includes the 2023 statutory corporate income tax rates of 225 sovereign states and dependent territories around the world. Tax rates were researched only for jurisdictions that are among the around 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (The jurisdictions Netherland Antilles (which was split into different jurisdictions in 2010) and Kosovo (which has not yet officially been assigned a country code) were added to the dataset.) As a result, zones or territories that are independent taxing jurisdictions but do not have their own country code are generally not included in the dataset.

In addition, the dataset includes historic statutory corporate income tax rates for the time period 1980 to 2022. However, these years cover tax rates of fewer than 225 jurisdictions due to missing data points. Please let Tax Foundation know if you are aware of any sources for historic corporate tax rates that are not mentioned in this report, as we constantly strive to improve our datasets.

To be able to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates weighted by GDP, the dataset includes GDP data for 181 jurisdictions. When used to calculate average statutory corporate income tax rates, either weighted by GDP or unweighted, only these 181 jurisdictions are included (to ensure the comparability of the unweighted and weighted averages).

Definition of Selected Corporate Income Tax Rate

The dataset captures standard top statutory corporate income tax rates levied on domestic businesses. This means:

The dataset does not reflect special tax regimes, including but not limited to patent boxes, offshore regimes, or special rates for specific industries. A number of countries levy lower rates for businesses below a certain revenue threshold. The dataset does not capture these lower rates. A few countries levy gross revenue taxes on businesses instead of corporate income taxes. Since the tax rates of a corporate income tax and a gross revenue tax are not comparable, these countries are excluded from the dataset. Some countries have a separate tax rate for nonresident companies. This dataset does not consider nonresident tax rates that differ from the general corporate rate.

Explanation of Files

source-data

• country_codes.csv Dataset that includes all 250 sovereign states and dependent territories that have been assigned a country code by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Includes official country names in various languages, ISO country codes, continents, and further geographical information.

• data_rates_1980_2022.csv Tax Foundation's dataset of statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2022. This dataset has been built in stages since 2015.

• RealGDPValues.xlsx U.S. Department of Agriculture's dataset of historical and projected real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and growth rates of GDP for 181 countries and various regions (in billions of 2015 dollars) for the years 1970 to 2032.

intermediate-ouptuts

• gdp_iso.csv GDP data paired with ISO country codes for the years 1980 to 2023.

• rates_final.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of all countries for which data was available in 2023 (data from OECD, KPMG, and researched individually).

• rates_preliminary.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes rates of countries for - which OECD data was available for the year 2023. Does not include countries for which the rate was researched and added individually.

final-data

• final_data_2023.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Only includes countries for which both the corporate income tax rates and GDP data were available.

• final_data_2023_gdp_incomplete.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the year 2023. Includes all countries for which we have data for the corporate income tax rate, including countries for which we do not have GDP data.

• final_data_long.csv Statutory corporate income tax rates and GDP levels of all countries paired with ISO country codes, continents, and country groups for the years 1980 to 2023. Includes all countries that have an ISO countr...

This dataset lists the World Bank member countries and all other economies and classifies them according to low, middle and high income economies with populations of more than 30,000.