Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Papua New Guinea data was reported at 2.902 USD mn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.770 USD mn for 2020. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Papua New Guinea data is updated yearly, averaging 1.836 USD mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2021, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.902 USD mn in 2021 and a record low of 0.770 USD mn in 2020. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Papua New Guinea data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

IIP: USD: Portfolio Investment: Equity and Investment Fund Shares: Net data was reported at 433.366 USD bn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 234.929 USD bn for 2023. IIP: USD: Portfolio Investment: Equity and Investment Fund Shares: Net data is updated yearly, averaging -14.884 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2024, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 433.366 USD bn in 2024 and a record low of -107.007 USD bn in 2010. IIP: USD: Portfolio Investment: Equity and Investment Fund Shares: Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.MEI: BPM6: International Investment Position: USD: OECD Member: Annual.

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Mauritius data was reported at 665.000 AUD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 656.000 AUD mn for 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Mauritius data is updated yearly, averaging 656.000 AUD mn from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2023, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 665.000 AUD mn in 2023 and a record low of 497.000 AUD mn in 2021. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Mauritius data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

In March 2003, banks and selected Registered Financial Corporations (RFCs) began reporting their international assets, liabilities and country exposures to APR in ARF/RRF 231 International …Show full descriptionIn March 2003, banks and selected Registered Financial Corporations (RFCs) began reporting their international assets, liabilities and country exposures to APR in ARF/RRF 231 International Exposures. This return is the basis of the data provided by Australia to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) for its International Banking Statistics (IBS) data collection. APR ceased the RFC data collection after September 2010. The IBS data are based on the methodology described in the BIS Guide on International Financial Statistics PDF. Data reported for Australia, and other countries, on the BIS website are expressed in United States dollars (USD). Data are recorded on an end-quarter basis. All banks operating in Australia complete ARF 231. Between March 2003 and September 2010, only those larger RFCs with sizeable overseas assets and/or liabilities completed RRF 231. Bank and RFC positions are reported in Australian dollars (AUD). Non-AUD denominated positions have been converted to AUD using an appropriate end-quarter exchange rate, so changes in reported data between quarters are due not only to changes in positions but also valuation gains or losses due to exchange rate changes. There are two sets of IBS data: locational data, which are used to gauge the role of banks and financial centres in the intermediation of international capital flows; and consolidated data, which can be used to monitor the country risk exposure of national banking systems. Only locational data are reported in this statistical table and all assets are reported at market value. A The locational data presented in this statistical table may differ from the balance sheet data reported by banks (and RFCs between March 2003 and September 2010) in their ARF/RRF 320.0 Statement of Financial Position return to APR (and published in statistical tables B2, B3, B9 and B10). ARF/RRF 231 asks for gross positions to be reported (including on-balance sheet derivatives). However, in ARF/RRF 320.0, derivative positions can be reported on a net asset or net liability basis. This difference is particularly relevant in the case of foreign currency derivative positions with residents in Australia (included in other assets and other liabilities in the locational data). Data are shown for a selected group of countries that account for the bulk of the total. Similar data for other countries are also available in statistical table B12.1.1. The positions by country are summed to produce a aTotal non-residentsa figure that represents reporting entitiesa total positions with offshore counterparties in all currencies. The positions shown for Australia are positions with residents in foreign currency. aLoansa comprise those financial assets that are created through the lending of funds by a creditor (lender) to a debtor (borrower) and that are not represented by negotiable securities. Sale and repurchase transactions (repos) involving the sale of assets (e.g. securities and gold) with a commitment to repurchase the same or similar assets, financial leases, promissory notes, non-negotiable debt securities, endorsement liabilities arising from bills rediscounted abroad and subordinated loans (including subordinated non-negotiable debt securities) are also included as aLoansa. aDebt securities helda are all negotiable short- and long-term debt instruments (including negotiable certificates of deposit, but excluding equity shares, investment fund units and warrants). Also included are those international debt securities held in an entityas own name but on behalf of third parties as part of trustee business. Debt securities held on a purely custodial basis for customers and debt securities acquired in the context of securities lending transactions without cash collateral are not included in the data on holdings of debt securities. The borrowing of securities that are subsequently sold to third parties may result in negative holdings of securities. aOther assetsa mainly comprise equity shares (including mutual and investment fund units and holdings of shares in a reporting entityas own name but on behalf of third parties), participations, on-balance sheet derivative contracts and working capital supplied by head offices to their branches abroad. Negative asset positions may be reported due to short selling of securities acquired in the context of repo or bond lending transactions. Reporting entitiesa holdings of international notes and coin that are in circulation and commonly used to make payments are recorded as claims in the form of loans and deposits. Loans that have become negotiable de facto are classified under debt securities.

Australia debt to gdp ratio for 2022 was 58.05%, a 11.96% decline from 2021.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Australia debt to gdp ratio for 2021 was <strong>70.01%</strong>, a <strong>0.69% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Australia debt to gdp ratio for 2020 was <strong>69.32%</strong>, a <strong>9.1% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>Australia debt to gdp ratio for 2019 was <strong>60.23%</strong>, a <strong>5.72% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
</ul>Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Bolivia data was reported at 2.052 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.726 USD mn for 2021. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Bolivia data is updated yearly, averaging 0.748 USD mn from Dec 2019 (Median) to 2023, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.052 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of -0.701 USD mn in 2019. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Bolivia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

Financial asset investors have benefited from a generally strong domestic sharemarket performance and robust profit margins over the past few years. Typically, industry funds are invested in equities, and industry revenue depends on various sharemarket performances. The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing inflationary pressures significantly disrupted both local and global equity markets, which limited industry performance. Yet, total assets have continued to accumulate over recent years, compounding returns for investors, assisted by previously low interest rates. Overall, industry revenue is expected to climb at an annualised 6.2% over the five years through 2024-25, to $176.3 billion. The low-interest rate environment that characterised the trading landscape until recently affected fixed-income assets' performance, which changed the mix of funds held in various industry investment vehicles. More recently, market volatility and cash rate hikes have led to investors increasingly moving to cash management trusts because of their perceived safety as investment instruments. Related elevated interest rates and negative business confidence are set to hurt returns for many investors in 2024-25, particularly investment portfolios geared for higher risk. Despite these pressures, investor incomes are set to swell by 1.7% in the current year off the back of an anticipated strong domestic sharemarket performance, bumped by strong business profit. A falling MSCI world index and negative consumer sentiment have the potential to continue softening investment performance over the coming years. Yet, inflationary pressures and interest rates are set to gradually ease as trading conditions improve. Projected global financial stability and a sluggish appreciation of the Australian dollar may set the stage for a resurgence in overseas investment in Australian markets, yet continued changes implemented by the FIRB may limit the willingness of overseas investors to spend domestically. The influence of superannuation funds over the industry may continue to rise, drawing funds from retail investors, yet they themselves are a large market. For this reason, continued increases to the Superannuation Guarantee Scheme are likely to boost assets at the disposal of pension funds. Overall, financial asset investor incomes are projected to continue growing at an annualised 3.2% through 2029-30, to total $206.6 billion.

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Private Equity Market Size 2025-2029

The private equity market size is forecast to increase by USD 885.7 billion at a CAGR of 9.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The private equity and venture capital investment landscape is experiencing significant growth, driven by an increase in deal volumes and the rising number of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) worldwide. This trend is fueled by the attractive returns offered by private equity and venture capital investments, which have become a popular asset class for wealth management portfolios. However, this market is not without challenges. Transaction risks, such as regulatory changes and foreign exchange fluctuations, can pose significant hurdles for investors. Additionally, there is a growing demand for impact investing, particularly in sectors like renewable energy, as investors seek to align their financial goals with social and environmental objectives.
Navigating these trends and challenges requires a deep understanding of market dynamics and a strategic approach to investment opportunities. This market trends and analysis report delves deeper into these topics, providing valuable insights for professionals seeking to maximize their private equity investments.

What will be the Size of the Private Equity Market during the forecast period?

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The markets continue to evolve, with investment strategies becoming increasingly data-driven and sophisticated. Investor returns remain a key focus, with growth stage investing and innovation hubs driving value creation. Risk management is crucial in this industry, with deal origination and fundraising strategies carefully considered. Management fees and capital calls are essential components of the fund lifecycle, while deal closing and post-investment management ensure optimal portfolio performance. Cryptocurrency investments represent an emerging trend, with digital assets joining traditional assets in investment portfolios. Impact measurement and regulatory compliance are also critical, as private equity firms strive for transparency and customer experience.
ESG integration and industry consolidation are shaping the venture capital ecosystem, with secondary market sales providing liquidity for investors. Fund size and investment strategies vary, with some focusing on start-ups and emerging technologies. Technology adoption is a significant factor in fund performance, with customer acquisition and retention key to long-term success. Fund returns are closely monitored, with performance fees incentivizing top-performing funds. In the global private equity landscape, fundraising strategies and industry trends continue to evolve. Regulatory compliance and customer experience are paramount, with digital assets investment and ESG integration shaping the future of the industry.
Private equity sales and industry consolidation are ongoing, with post-investment management and portfolio optimization crucial to maximizing returns.

How is this Private Equity Industry segmented?

The private equity industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

End-user

  Privately held companies
  Start-up companies


Application

  Leveraged buyouts
  Venture capital
  Equity investment
  Enterpreneurship


Investments

  Large Cap
  Upper Middle Market
  Lower Middle Market
  Real Estate
  Large Cap
  Upper Middle Market
  Lower Middle Market
  Real Estate


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  Middle East and Africa



  APAC

    Australia
    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By End-user Insights

The privately held companies segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the realm of investment, private equity portfolios play a significant role in the additive manufacturing market. These portfolios encompass various investment vehicles, such as buyout funds, growth equity funds, strategic investments, and late-stage funding. Each type caters to different growth stages of companies in the sector. Buyout funds focus on acquiring controlling stakes in mature companies, often facilitating digital transformation and operational improvements. Growth equity funds, on the other hand, invest in companies with proven business models, aiming to fuel their expansion through capital infusion and industry expertise. Strategic investments are made by firms seeking to gain a foothold in a new market or expand their existing presence.

Legal frameworks and regulatory landscapes play a crucial role in shaping the market dynamics. Alternative investments, such as distressed debt funds and private debt, provide opportuni

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Spain data was reported at 3,862.000 AUD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,838.000 AUD mn for 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Spain data is updated yearly, averaging 3,432.000 AUD mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2023, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,862.000 AUD mn in 2023 and a record low of 2,861.000 AUD mn in 2020. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: Total: Spain data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

In 2025, stock markets in the United States accounted for roughly ** percent of world stocks. The next largest country by stock market share was China, followed by the European Union as a whole. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ are the largest stock exchange operators worldwide. What is a stock exchange? The first modern publicly traded company was the Dutch East Industry Company, which sold shares to the general public to fund expeditions to Asia. Since then, groups of companies have formed exchanges in which brokers and dealers can come together and make transactions in one space. Stock market indices group companies trading on a given exchange, giving an idea of how they evolve in real time. Appeal of stock ownership Over half of adults in the United States are investing money in the stock market. Stocks are an attractive investment because the possible return is higher than offered by other financial instruments.

Banks are grappling with a transition from years of loose monetary policy to tighter financial conditions. Soaring inflation prompted an RBA pivot in the face of surging energy, housing and food prices. The RBA hiked the cash rate multiple times from May 2022 to November 2023. Prior to this, banks cashed in on high residential housing prices, with low interest rates and government schemes encouraging strong mortgage uptake over the course of the pandemic. APRA also eased the interest rate buffer in 2019, before raising it in 2021. Interest hikes have pushed up banks' incomes over the past few years. Meanwhile, banks' interest deposit expenses and funding costs have also risen while elevated interest rates have dampened industry profit margins over the past few years. Overall, industry revenue is expected to expand at an annualised 9.3% over the five years through 2024-25, to $259.2 billion. This includes an anticipated slump of 8.3% in 2024-25, as inflationary pressure shows signs of easing, the cash rate easing, weighing on interest income. As banks passed on cash rate rises through higher interest rates, the RBA's policy approach has had a cascading effect on the economy. There’s a lag before these hit customers, with some fixed-rate mortgages gradually rolling over through 2023 and 2024. Banks are securing more interest income from existing loans but must manage inflated borrowing costs and bigger payouts on deposit accounts. Residential housing prices are set to stabilise, while heavy mortgage payments will price out some potential homeowners. Banks will be monitoring consumer spending amid inflationary pressures and spiralling borrowing costs. APRA has strengthened rules for managing interest rate risks, effective from October 2025. The updated Prudential Standard APS 117 requires major financial institutions to implement robust frameworks to manage these risks effectively. The big four will need to keep up with rapid technological change, managing cyber security as consumers embrace online financial services. Competition isn't easing up as smaller technology-focused firms disrupt the finance sector and foreign banks tap into the Australian market. Revenue is projected to climb at an annualised 0.3% over the next five years, to total $262.6 billion in 2029-30.

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Spain data was reported at 2.642 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.600 USD bn for 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Spain data is updated yearly, averaging 2.402 USD bn from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2023, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.642 USD bn in 2023 and a record low of 2.196 USD bn in 2021. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Spain data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Tanzania data was reported at 2.736 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.710 USD mn for 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Tanzania data is updated yearly, averaging 2.736 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.120 USD mn in 2017 and a record low of 2.117 USD mn in 2018. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Tanzania data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

Australia Assets: Stock: Households: Net Equity in Reserves: Rest of World data was reported at 18,537.000 AUD mn in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,800.000 AUD mn for Sep 2024. Australia Assets: Stock: Households: Net Equity in Reserves: Rest of World data is updated quarterly, averaging 8,738.000 AUD mn from Jun 1988 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 147 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,537.000 AUD mn in Dec 2024 and a record low of 0.000 AUD mn in Jun 1988. Australia Assets: Stock: Households: Net Equity in Reserves: Rest of World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.AB042: SNA08: SESCA08: Funds by Sector: Households: Stock.

Australia Assets: Stock: Households: Net Equity in Reserves data was reported at 3,854,320.000 AUD mn in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,802,772.000 AUD mn for Sep 2024. Australia Assets: Stock: Households: Net Equity in Reserves data is updated quarterly, averaging 1,045,363.000 AUD mn from Jun 1988 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 147 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,854,320.000 AUD mn in Dec 2024 and a record low of 130,511.000 AUD mn in Jun 1988. Australia Assets: Stock: Households: Net Equity in Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.AB042: SNA08: SESCA08: Funds by Sector: Households: Stock.

Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Lao People'S Democratic Republic data was reported at 1,108.000 AUD mn in 2021. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Lao People'S Democratic Republic data is updated yearly, averaging 1,108.000 AUD mn from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2021, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,108.000 AUD mn in 2021 and a record low of 1,108.000 AUD mn in 2021. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Lao People'S Democratic Republic data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor.; Under the directional presentation , the direct investment flows and positions are organised according to the direction of the investment for the reporting economy-either outward or inward . So, for a particular country, all flows and positions of direct investors resident in that economy are shown under outward investment and all flows and positions for direct investment enterprises resident in that economy are shown under inward investment. The directional presentation reflects the direction of influence. For more details, see a complete note on ' Asset/liability versus directional presentation '; FDI financial flows are cross-border transactions between affiliated parties (direct investors, direct investment enterprises and/or fellow enterprises) recorded during the reference period (typically year or quarter). FDI positions represent the value of the stock of direct investments held at the end of the reference period (typically year or quarter). The change in direct investment positions from one period to the next is equal to the value of financial transactions recorded during the period plus other changes in prices, exchange rates, and volume. FDI income data are closely linked to the stocks of investments and are used for analysis of the productivity of the investment and calculation of the rate of return on the total funds invested. The main financial instrument components of FDI are equity and debt instruments. Equity includes common and preferred shares (exclusive of non-participating preference shares which should be included under debt), reserves, capital contributions and reinvestment of earnings. Dividends, distributed branch earnings, reinvested earnings and undistributed branch earnings are components of FDI income on equity . Reinvested earnings and reinvestment of earnings are separately identified components of equity in FDI income data and in FDI financial flows. Debt instruments include marketable securities such as bonds, debentures, commercial paper, promissory notes, non-participating preference shares and other tradable non-equity securities as well as loans, deposits, trade credit and other accounts payable/ receivable.The interest returns on the above instruments are included in FDI income on debt .; FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication data was reported at 2.912 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.536 % for 2021. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication data is updated yearly, averaging 0.670 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2022, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.912 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.312 % in 2016. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

Australia Liabilities: Stock: Pension Funds: Net Equity in Reserves: Households data was reported at 3,713,071.000 AUD mn in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,658,120.000 AUD mn for Sep 2024. Australia Liabilities: Stock: Pension Funds: Net Equity in Reserves: Households data is updated quarterly, averaging 940,565.000 AUD mn from Jun 1988 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 147 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,713,071.000 AUD mn in Dec 2024 and a record low of 89,164.000 AUD mn in Jun 1988. Australia Liabilities: Stock: Pension Funds: Net Equity in Reserves: Households data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Australian Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.AB022: SNA08: SESCA08: Funds by Sector: Financial Corporations: Pension Funds: Stock.

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities data was reported at 115.000 AUD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.000 AUD mn for 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 115.000 AUD mn from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2023, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.000 AUD mn in 2023 and a record low of 20.000 AUD mn in 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.

Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Transportation and Storage data was reported at 0.515 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.484 % for 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Transportation and Storage data is updated yearly, averaging 0.584 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2023, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.961 % in 2011 and a record low of 0.484 % in 2022. Australia Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Transportation and Storage data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the direct investor. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), but they are not significant. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Recent transaction price, Net asset value excluding goodwill and intangibles, Other . Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Local Enterprise Group.