In January 2025, the unadjusted consumer price index (CPI) of all items for urban consumers in the United States amounted to about 317.67. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84=100. The CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as “a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services”. The annual consumer price index for urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. Consumer Price Index The Consumer Price Index (CPI) began in 1919 under the Bureau of Labor Statistics and is published every month. The CPI for all urban consumers includes urban households in Metropolitan Statistical Areas and regions with over 2,500 inhabitants, as well as non-farm consumers living in rural regions. This index was established in 1978 and includes about 80 percent of the U.S. population. The monthly CPI of urban consumers in the United States increased from 292.3 in May 2022 to 304.13 in 2023. Inflation tends not to impact everyone equally for a variety of reasons, including geography - CPI often differs between regions, with a high of 287.49 in the Western region as of 2021. There are also disparities in inflation between income quartiles, in which inflation is generally felt more heavily by lower income households. The annual CPI in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades, from 140.3 in 1992 to 292.56 in 2022. A forecast of the CPI expects this positive trend to continue, reaching 325.6 by 2027. As of March 2023, the CPI of the nation’s education had increased by 3.5 percent. Further, in the same month costs of recreation, rent, housing, medical care, and food and beverages, gasoline, and transportation increased. Comparatively, the CPI in Hong Kong reached 103.3 in 2022.

Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: US$ data was reported at 78.999 2022-2023=100 in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 78.120 2022-2023=100 for Jan 2025. Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: US$ data is updated monthly, averaging 29.204 2022-2023=100 from Jul 1982 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 512 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 118.850 2022-2023=100 in Apr 2022 and a record low of 19.502 2022-2023=100 in Jul 1986. Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: US$ data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.I037: Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100.

Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: Bulk Commodities: Spot Prices: SDR data was reported at 75.171 2022-2023=100 in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 74.991 2022-2023=100 for Jan 2025. Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: Bulk Commodities: Spot Prices: SDR data is updated monthly, averaging 68.642 2022-2023=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 194 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.155 2022-2023=100 in Mar 2022 and a record low of 29.594 2022-2023=100 in Dec 2015. Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: Bulk Commodities: Spot Prices: SDR data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.I037: Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100.

Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: Non Rural Component: US$ data was reported at 79.247 2022-2023=100 in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 78.390 2022-2023=100 for Jan 2025. Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: Non Rural Component: US$ data is updated monthly, averaging 25.855 2022-2023=100 from Jul 1982 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 512 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 117.386 2022-2023=100 in Apr 2022 and a record low of 17.988 2022-2023=100 in Jun 1999. Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: Non Rural Component: US$ data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.I037: Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100.

In January 2025, prices had increased by three percent compared to January 2024 according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages. In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. A projection of the annual U.S. inflation rate can be accessed here and the actual annual inflation rate since 1990 can be accessed here. InflationOne of the most important economic indicators is the development of the Consumer Price Index in a country. The change in this price level of goods and services is defined as the rate of inflation. The inflationary situation in the United States had been relatively severe in 2022 due to global events relating to COVID-19, supply chain restrains, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More information on U.S. inflation may be found on our dedicated topic page. The annual inflation rate in the United States has increased from 3.2 percent in 2011 to 8.3 percent in 2022. This means that the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar has weakened in recent years. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. According to the data published by the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was about 258.84 in 2020 and is forecasted to grow up to 325.6 by 2027, compared to the base period from 1982 to 1984. The monthly percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers in the United States was 0.1 percent in March 2023 compared to the previous month. In 2022, countries all around the world are experienced high levels of inflation. Although Brazil already had an inflation rate of 8.3 percent in 2021, compared to the previous year, while the inflation rate in China stood at 0.85 percent.

The main stock market index of United States, the US500, rose to 6327 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 0.27% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.85% and is up 16.57% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United States. United States Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Chain-Type Quantity Index for Real GDP: Construction (NAICS 23) in Montana was 126.43900 Index 2009=100 in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Chain-Type Quantity Index for Real GDP: Construction (NAICS 23) in Montana reached a record high of 127.11800 in January of 2022 and a record low of 86.07000 in January of 2011. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Chain-Type Quantity Index for Real GDP: Construction (NAICS 23) in Montana - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

The FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) averaged 124.9 points in January 2025, down 2.1 points from December 2024. The highest value for the index in the past 23 years was reached in March 2022. However, the rate of food price increases has been decreasing since.

Food prices worldwide The annual FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) by category shows that the price of vegetable oils grew by a particularly large margin. One of the factors that influenced the spike in oil prices worldwide during 2020 and 2021 were the supply-chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, after the war in Ukraine, shipping costs and grain prices also had a noticeable impact on global food prices. Global food prices are calculated to have increased by 3.68 percent, due to changes in shipping costs and grain prices. The European Union (EU) has experienced a particularly high increase in the annual consumer prices for food and non-alcoholic beverages, as compared to other selected countries worldwide. Inflation in Europe

The inflation rate for food in the EU grew from 0.2 percent in May 2021 to 19.2 percent in March 2023, as compared to the same month in the previous year. In the following months, the food inflation started decreasing again, reaching 1.86 percent in April 2024. The overall inflation rate in the Euro area reached its peak in December 2022 at 9.2 percent. The rate has since fallen to 2.4 percent in December 2024. As measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), inflation rates in Europe were highest in Turkey, North Macedonia, and Romania as of December 2024.

MBA Mortgage Market Index in the United States increased to 255.50 points in July 18 from 253.50 points in the previous week. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States MBA Mortgage Market Index.

Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: with Bulk Commodity Spot Prices: SDR data was reported at 80.834 2022-2023=100 in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 80.423 2022-2023=100 for Jan 2025. Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: with Bulk Commodity Spot Prices: SDR data is updated monthly, averaging 65.311 2022-2023=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 194 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 119.601 2022-2023=100 in Mar 2022 and a record low of 37.292 2022-2023=100 in Jan 2016. Australia Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: with Bulk Commodity Spot Prices: SDR data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.I037: Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100.

The Lost Labour Index is an estimate of the amount of time per hour (in minutes) lost to outdoor workers due heat conditions. The index is adapted from work rest guidelines based on wet bulb globe temperatures. The work-rest guidelines are described by Brimicombe et al. (2023) and Jacklitsch et al. (2016), and summarised below.

WBGT (°C) | Approximated work/rest cycles (minutes)

33 | 0/60 (Rest)

30–33 | 15/45

28–30 | 30/30

25–28 | 30/15

23–25 | 45/15

<23 | 60/0 (No recommendations)

The Lost Labour Index is extrapolated from these work rest guidelines, assuming that if it is recommended that a worker must rest for n number of minutes every hour to remain safe in given temperature conditions, that labour/time is "lost" to the worker. The exact conversion is shown below:

WBGT (°C) | Approximated work/rest cycles (minutes) | Lost Labour (minutes)

33 | 0/60 (Rest) | 60

30–33 | 15/45 | 45

28–30 | 30/30 | 30

25–28 | 30/15 | 20

23–25 | 45/15 | 15

<23 | 60/0 (No recommendations) | 0

The datasets used to calculate the initial wet bulb globe temperatures (from which the Lost Labour Index was derived) were ERA5 Land (t2m, d2m, u10, v10, ssrd, ssr, strd, and strr variables) (Muñoz Sabater, 2019) and ERA5 (fdir variable - resampled to ERA5 Land spatial resolution) (Hersbach et al., 2020). The wet bulb globe temperature data was calculated using the Thermofeel library (Brimicombe et al. 2022).

The Lost Labour Index in these files is calculated for a spatial area that covers the whole of Bangladesh (20-27 °N, 87-93 °E) and a temporal period of 1980-01-01T00:00 - 2023-12-31T23:00. The data has a spatial resolution of 0.1° and an hourly temporal resolution. Individual files are provided as zipped netCDFs for the decades of 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2019. Two separate files are provided for data from 2020-2022 and 2023 respectively.

References

Brimicombe, C. et al. (2022) ‘Thermofeel: A python thermal comfort indices library’, SoftwareX, 18, p. 101005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2022.101005.

Brimicombe, C. et al. (2023) ‘Wet Bulb Globe Temperature: Indicating Extreme Heat Risk on a Global Grid’, GeoHealth, 7(2), p. e2022GH000701. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000701.

Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R.J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., Thépaut, J-N. (2017): Complete ERA5 from 1940: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.143582cf

Jacklitsch, B., Williams, J., Musolin, K., Coca, A., Kim, J.-H., & Turner, N. (2016). Criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to heat and hot environments.

Muñoz Sabater, J. (2019): ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.e2161bac

South Korea: Food production index (2004-2006 = 100): The latest value from 2022 is 101.2 index points, a decline from 102 index points in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 109.8 index points, based on data from 188 countries. Historically, the average for South Korea from 1961 to 2022 is 71.4 index points. The minimum value, 23 index points, was reached in 1962 while the maximum of 102 index points was recorded in 2014.

Part of Vicmap Index product, this dataset comprises footprints delineating orthorectified strips used in mosaicking Vic StateView 2022/23 1.5m. Each footprint represents the spatial extent of a strip, housing essential metadata such as raw strips ID and extent. Positioned as a comprehensive metadata layer, this product is designed to enhance the utility of Vic StateView 2022/23 1.5m, offering crucial information for data interpretation and utilisation.

The UK inflation rate was 3.4 percent in May 2025, down from 3.5 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since February 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index dropped around ***** points in the four weeks from February 12 to March 11, 2020, but has since recovered and peaked at ********* points as of November 24, 2024. In February 2020 - just prior to the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the DJIA index stood at a little over ****** points. U.S. markets suffer as virus spreads The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a turbulent period for stock markets – the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite also recorded dramatic drops. At the start of February, some analysts remained optimistic that the outbreak would ease. However, the increased spread of the virus started to hit investor confidence, prompting a record plunge in the stock markets. The Dow dropped by more than ***** points in the week from February 21 to February 28, which was a fall of **** percent – its worst percentage loss in a week since October 2008. Stock markets offer valuable economic insights The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a stock market index that monitors the share prices of the 30 largest companies in the United States. By studying the performance of the listed companies, analysts can gauge the strength of the domestic economy. If investors are confident in a company’s future, they will buy its stocks. The uncertainty of the coronavirus sparked fears of an economic crisis, and many traders decided that investment during the pandemic was too risky.

This statistic shows the monthly price index of rice (average for all rice varieties) from July 2022 to January 2025. In April 2023, the rice price index amounted to 124.2.

Inflation is an important measure of any country’s economy, and the Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the most widely used indicators in the United Kingdom, with the rate expected to be 4.1 percent in 2025, compared with 3.6 percent in 2024. This followed 2022, when RPI inflation reached a rate of 11.6 percent, by far the highest annual rate during this provided time period. CPI vs RPI Although the Retail Price Index is a commonly utilized inflation indicator, the UK also uses a newer method of calculating inflation, the Consumer Price Index. The CPI, along with the CPIH (Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs) are usually preferred by the UK government, but the RPI is still used in certain instances. Increases in rail fares for example, are calculated using the RPI, while increases in pension payments are calculated using CPI, when this is used as the uprating factor. The use of one inflation measure over the other can therefore have a significant impact on people’s lives in the UK. High inflation falls to more typical levels by 2024 Like the Retail Price Index, the Consumer Price Index inflation rate also reached a recent peak in October 2022. In that month, prices were rising by 11.1 percent and did not fall below double figures until April 2023. This fall was largely due to slower price increases in key sectors such as energy, which drove a significant amount of the 2022 wave of inflation. Inflation nevertheless remains elevated, fueled not only by high food inflation, but also by underlying core inflation. As of February 2025, the overall CPI inflation rate was 2.8 percent, although an uptick in inflation is expected later in the year, with a rate of 3.7 percent forecast for the third quarter of the year.

Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: with Bulk Commodity Spot Prices: A$ data was reported at 85.510 2022-2023=100 in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 85.592 2022-2023=100 for Jan 2025. Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: with Bulk Commodity Spot Prices: A$ data is updated monthly, averaging 58.203 2022-2023=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 194 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114.854 2022-2023=100 in May 2022 and a record low of 36.489 2022-2023=100 in Dec 2015. Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100: All Items: with Bulk Commodity Spot Prices: A$ data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.I037: Commodity Price Index: 2022-23=100.

India Effective Exchange Rate Index: Annual: Real: Trade Weighted: 6 Currencies: 2022-23 Based data was reported at 100.935 2022-2023=100 in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 99.857 2022-2023=100 for 2024. India Effective Exchange Rate Index: Annual: Real: Trade Weighted: 6 Currencies: 2022-23 Based data is updated yearly, averaging 100.180 2022-2023=100 from Mar 2016 (Median) to 2025, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.570 2022-2023=100 in 2018 and a record low of 98.211 2022-2023=100 in 2016. India Effective Exchange Rate Index: Annual: Real: Trade Weighted: 6 Currencies: 2022-23 Based data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table IN.MC009: Effective Exchange Rate Index.