This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a measure used in the UK to assess the relative deprivation of small areas, known as Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs). It combines information from seven different domains to provide an overall deprivation score for each area. These domains are:

Income Deprivation Employment Deprivation Education, Skills, and Training Deprivation Health Deprivation and Disability Crime Barriers to Housing and Services Living Environment Deprivation

Each domain is weighted and combined to create a single deprivation score, which is then used to rank all LSOAs in England from the most deprived to the least deprived.

The IMD is widely used by government and organizations to allocate resources, target interventions, and develop policies aimed at reducing deprivation and improving quality of life in the most deprived areas.

This method provides statistics on relative deprivation in England, Wales, and Scotland, including:

• The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) – a measure of overall deprivation
• Domain-specific indices (e.g., income, employment, education, health etc.) that differ by country
• Area rankings and deciles for simplified analysis

Area Types

The indices assess deprivation at a small-area level:

• England & Wales: Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs)
• Scotland: Data Zones

Ranking & Deciles

Each area is ranked from most to least deprived:

• England: 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived)
• Wales: 1 (most deprived) to 1,909 (least deprived)
• Scotland: 1 (most deprived) to 6,976 (least deprived)

The ranks are available in the imdRank field, with domain-specific ranks in fields such as incomeRank, employmentRank, crimeRank, etc.

To simplify, areas are also categorized into deciles (1 = most deprived, 10 = least deprived), available in fields like imdDecile, incomeDecile, employmentDecile, etc.

Mapping & Consumer Platform Adjustments

We use deciles to color-code our deprivation map. However, on our consumer platform, we reversed the ratings scale to match user expectations where higher ratings are associated with higher deprivation.

For example, postcode W6 0LJ (imdDecile 2, a highly deprived area) is displayed as “_Index of Multiple Deprivation - 9/10 or high_” on the consumer platform.

Data Availability

• England: 2025
• Wales: 2019
• Scotland: 2020

This dataset presents the latest relative measures of deprivation across England, compiling data for 33,755 LSOAs using the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 (IMD25) framework. It includes:

A ranking of neighbourhoods from most to least deprived, enabling comparative analysis rather than absolute measurement. Seven domain indices (Income; Employment; Education, Skills & Training; Health Deprivation & Disability; Crime; Barriers to Housing & Services; Living Environment) which are weighted and aggregated to form the overall IMD25. Two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) Summary data for higher-level geographies (Local Authority Districts, Integrated Care Boards, etc) derived from the LSOA data.

Geographic unit: Postcodes.Data for the IoD is modelled at LSOA level. This dataset contains the postcodes within each LSOA and will report on the LSOA scores and ranks as well as provide the values for the respective local authority.

Temporal Reference This is a cross-sectional release representing a “snapshot” of relative deprivation. While previous versions (e.g., IoD2019) exist, changes to methodology, indicators and geographies mean that direct time-series comparisons should be approached with caution.

Purpose / Use Cases

To identify and compare areas of relative deprivation across England at small-area level. To support resource allocation, policymaking, service planning, and funding applications by local and national organisations. To explore the different domains of deprivation and their spatial patterns.

Caveats & Limitations

The indices measure relative deprivation only. A rank of “1” identifies the most deprived area relative to others, but this does not quantify the absolute extent of deprivation. The dataset does not identify deprived individuals nor does it measure affluence. Comparisons over time (especially across versions) are limited because of changes to data sources, indicator definitions, and geography. The data apply exclusively to England and should not be directly compared with similar indices from Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland.

Methodological Summary

Indicators: 55 indicators used in this version (an increase from 39 in IoD2019) including new and revised measures of income benefit claimants, pupil absence, broadband connectivity, energy performance certificates, access to private gardens, noise pollution, and more. Domain weights: Income 22.5%; Employment 22.5%; Education/Skills 13.5%; Health 13.5%; Crime 9.3%; Barriers to Housing & Services 9.3%; Living Environment 9.3%. Extensive quality assurance and validation of indicators and inputs has been conducted.

View full release on GOV.UK

CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

This file contains the lookup between Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Local Government Districts (LGD) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores in Northern Ireland as at 31 December 2017. (File Size - 43 KB)REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Index_of_Multiple_Deprivation_Dec_2017_Lookup_in_Northern_Ireland_2022/FeatureServer

CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the GP practice, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Carstairs Index.

CPRD GOLD linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

CPRD Aurum linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the patient, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation, Carstairs Index and Townsend Deprivation Index.

CPRD GOLD linked small area level socio-demographic and socio-economic data mapped to the postcode of the GP practice, including the Index of Multiple Deprivation and Carstairs Index

The Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) combines information from the English Indices of deprivation (IoD). It is the Government's official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas). LSOAs are small geographical areas of approximately 1,700 people. There are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale. The IoD is a set of relative measures of deprivation for LSOAs across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: Income, Employment, Education skills and training, Health and disability, Crime, Barriers to housing and services, and Living environment. There are also seven domain level indices and two supplementary indices - Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI) and Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI). It is published every three to five years. IMD 2019 results were published on 26 September 2019. Calderdale results are available, using the dashboard link on this page. More information is available at Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local government: English Indices of deprivation 2019. See also: IoD Infographic and themed factsheets below IoD opendata for LSOAs (Lower layer super output areas) and wards below IoD 2019 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward factsheets. Children's Centre Boundary areas data set for a postcode checker tool which includes IMD 2019 decile for each LSOA in the children's centre reach area. Calderdale areas by postcode dataset for a list of postcodes in Calderdale, their ward, and the IMD 2019 decile for their LSOA. Exploring local income deprivation - new animation by the Office for National Statistics about income deprivation at neighbourhood level as shown by the English Index of Income Deprivation 2019 Data and Resources IoD 2019 guide and glossary Guide and glossary to English Indices of deprivation 2019 dashboard.

These indicators are designed to accompany the SHMI publication. The SHMI methodology does not make any adjustment for deprivation. This is because adjusting for deprivation might create the impression that a higher death rate for those who are more deprived is acceptable. Patient records are assigned to 1 of 5 deprivation groups (called quintiles) using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The deprivation quintile cannot be calculated for some records e.g. because the patient's postcode is unknown or they are not resident in England. Contextual indicators on the percentage of provider spells and deaths reported in the SHMI belonging to each deprivation quintile are produced to support the interpretation of the SHMI. Notes: 1. As of the July 2020 publication, COVID-19 activity has been excluded from the SHMI. The SHMI is not designed for this type of pandemic activity and the statistical modelling used to calculate the SHMI may not be as robust if such activity were included. Activity that is being coded as COVID-19, and therefore excluded, is monitored in the contextual indicator 'Percentage of provider spells with COVID-19 coding' which is part of this publication. 2. Please note that there was a fall in the overall number of spells from March 2020 due to COVID-19 impacting on activity for England and the number has not returned to pre-pandemic levels. Further information at Trust level is available in the contextual indicator ‘Provider spells compared to the pre-pandemic period’ which is part of this publication. 3. There is a shortfall in the number of records for The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RQW). Values for this trust are based on incomplete data and should therefore be interpreted with caution. 4. Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RDU) stopped submitting data to the Secondary Uses Service (SUS) during June 2022 and did not start submitting data again until April 2023 due to an issue with their patient records system. This is causing a large shortfall in records and values for this trust should be viewed in the context of this issue. 5. A number of trusts are now submitting Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) data to the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) rather than the Admitted Patient Care (APC) dataset. The SHMI is calculated using APC data. Removal of SDEC activity from the APC data may impact a trust’s SHMI value and may increase it. More information about this is available in the Background Quality Report. 6. East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RVV) has a submission issue which is causing many of their patient spells to be duplicated in the HES Admitted Patient Care data. This means that the number of spells for this trust in this dataset are overstated by approximately 60,000, and the trust’s SHMI value will be lower as a result. Values for this trust should therefore be interpreted with caution. 7. Further information on data quality can be found in the SHMI background quality report, which can be downloaded from the 'Resources' section of the publication page.

Please note that Deprivation Ranks are released at Lower Super Output Area/Data Zone level and are not for each individual postcode.

The first resource below provides a list of all 2011 census frozen postcodes across the UK as well as the:

• Postcode's location in the UK (British National Grid, Irish Grid, Latitude-Longitude)
• Total persons recorded in that postcode
• Female or male breakdown of the postcode
• Number of occupied households in that postcode
• The Lower Super Output Area or Data Zone in which the postcode resides
• The Output Area or Small Area in which the postcode resides
• The Output Area's Classification:
  • OAC Supergroup (codes and names)
  • OAC Group (codes and names)
  • OAC Subgroups (codes and names)
• The Deprivation Ranks of the LSOA/DZ:
  • 2014 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) Rank for 2011 LSOAs
  • 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (EIMD) Score, Rank and Decile for 2011 LSOAs
  • 2016 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Rank for 2011 Data Zones
  • 2017 Northern Irish Multiple Deprivation Measures (NIMDM) Rank for SOAs
  • Townsend Deprivation Index score and quintile of LSOAs and Data Zones
  • Townsend Deprivation Index score and quintile of Output Areas and Small Areas

Suppressed postcodes in Northern Ireland

For confidentiality reasons, counts were suppressed for postcodes that had less than 10 usual residents and had only 1, 2 or 3 households in them.

The Registrar General took steps to ensure that the confidentiality of respondents was fully protected. Accordingly, all published results from the 2011 Census (including those relating to Postcodes) were subject to statistical processes to ensure that individuals could not be identified. For these postcodes, averages were taken at Postcode District level and released in a separate table, which can be found below.

Missing postcodes

These postcodes are based upon the sets of enumeration postcodes provided by the three UK census agencies. Enumeration postcodes are a subset of the complete set of live postcodes at the time of the 2011 Census. These are aggregated to create census output areas, which are themselves aggregated to create most other census geographies.

Only postcodes with at least one resident person are included. Many postcodes, such as those assigned to businesses, don't have any resident populations and so won't appear in the table.

Postcodes are quite volatile; new postcodes are created and old ones are terminated regularly. Existing/live postcodes can also change through the addition or removal of delivery points. The ONSPD records all live and terminated postcodes. Each postcode has a date of introduction and, if relevant, a date of termination. Things are complicated further because postcodes can be re-used, so a postcode can be terminated and then reappear with a new date of introduction, replacing/removing the record for the previous instance of the postcode. Postcodes that weren't current at the time of the census also won't appear in the table.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

• construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data;
• provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community;
• describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over;
• examine the relationship between economic position and health;
• nvestigate the determinants of economic position in older age;
• describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; and
• understand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets.

Further information may be found on the the ELSA project website or the Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages.

Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021

The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact the ELSA Data team at NatCen on elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease).

Special Licence Data:

Special Licence Access versions of ELSA have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence (see 'Access' section below). Users are advised to obtain the latest edition of SN 5050 (the End User Licence version) before making an application for Special Licence data, to see whether that is suitable for their needs. A separate application must be made for each Special Licence study.

Special Licence Access versions of ELSA include:

• Primary data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8346) includes all the variables in the EUL primary dataset (SN 5050) as well as year and month of birth, consolidated ethnicity and country of birth, marital status, and more detailed medical history variables.
• Wave 8 Pension Age Data (SN 8375) includes all the variables in the EUL pension age data (SN 5050) as well as year and age reached state pension age variables.
• Wave 8 Sexual Self-Completion Data (SN 8376) includes sensitive variables from the sexual self-completion questionnaire.
• Wave 3 (2007) Harmonized Life History (SN 8831) includes retrospective information on previous histories, specifically, detailed data on previous partnership, children, residential, health, and work histories.
• Detailed geographical identifier files for Waves 1-10 which are grouped by identifier held under SN 8430 (Local Authority Type Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8441 (Local Authority Type Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8431 (Quintile Index of Multiple Deprivation Score), SN 8432 (Quintile Population Density for Postcode Sectors), SN 8433 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators), SN 8437 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators).

Where boundary changes have occurred, the geographic identifier has been split into two separate studies to reduce the risk of disclosure. Users are also only allowed one version of each identifier:

• either SN 8430 (Local Authority Type Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8441(Local Authority Type Post-2009 Boundaries)
• either SN 8433 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators) or SN 8437 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators)

ELSA Wave 6 and Wave 8 Self-Completion Questionnaires included an open-ended question where respondents could add any other comments they may wish to note down. These responses have been transcribed and anonymised. Researchers can request access to these transcribed...

The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is one of a set of English indices of deprivation, and are released by the Department for Communities and Local Government every three to five years. The latest statistics are for 2015, and use data from 2012 to 2013. IMD results are sometimes used as criteria for external funding bids (eg Big Lottery). IMD 2015 is the Government’s official measure of relative deprivation for LSOAs. LSOAs are small geographic areas of approximately 1,500 people, and there are 128 LSOAs in Calderdale. The data is provided at Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA), Neighbourhood and Ward levels in Calderdale. It shows rank, decile and percentage compared with 38,824 LSOAs in England. IMD 2015 was published in September 2015 and replaces previous IMD publications. More information is available from Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) English indices of deprivation 2015 . See also: The DCLG has published a free online tool to help locate the IMD 2015 results and LSOA for each postcode. Indices of Deprivation 2015 explorer ; Calderdale LSOAs, broken down into postcodes can be downloaded from LSOAs by postcode ; IMD 2015 factsheets for each ward can be found on the individual ward datasets .

These files contain the shape, extent, location (X and Y Co-ordinates) and postcodes of the boundary areas. The PDF map shows the defined reach areas for each Children centre labelled with the name and boundary extent. The Microsoft Excel tool shows postcodes for each children centre, plus ward, lower layer super output area and Index of Multiple deprivation decile.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

• construct waves of accessible and well-documented panel data;
• provide these data in a convenient and timely fashion to the scientific and policy research community;
• describe health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy in a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and over;
• examine the relationship between economic position and health;
• nvestigate the determinants of economic position in older age;
• describe the timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; and
• understand the relationships between social support, household structure and the transfer of assets.

Further information may be found on the the ELSA project website or the Natcen Social Research: ELSA web pages.

Health conditions research with ELSA - June 2021

The ELSA Data team have found some issues with historical data measuring health conditions. If you are intending to do any analysis looking at the following health conditions, then please contact the ELSA Data team at NatCen on elsadata@natcen.ac.uk for advice on how you should approach your analysis. The affected conditions are: eye conditions (glaucoma; diabetic eye disease; macular degeneration; cataract), CVD conditions (high blood pressure; angina; heart attack; Congestive Heart Failure; heart murmur; abnormal heart rhythm; diabetes; stroke; high cholesterol; other heart trouble) and chronic health conditions (chronic lung disease; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; cancer; Parkinson's Disease; emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems; Alzheimer's Disease; dementia; malignant blood disorder; multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease).

Special Licence Data:

Special Licence Access versions of ELSA have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence (see 'Access' section below). Users are advised to obtain the latest edition of SN 5050 (the End User Licence version) before making an application for Special Licence data, to see whether that is suitable for their needs. A separate application must be made for each Special Licence study.

Special Licence Access versions of ELSA include:

• Primary data from Wave 8 onwards (SN 8346) includes all the variables in the EUL primary dataset (SN 5050) as well as year and month of birth, consolidated ethnicity and country of birth, marital status, and more detailed medical history variables.
• Wave 8 Pension Age Data (SN 8375) includes all the variables in the EUL pension age data (SN 5050) as well as year and age reached state pension age variables.
• Wave 8 Sexual Self-Completion Data (SN 8376) includes sensitive variables from the sexual self-completion questionnaire.
• Wave 3 (2007) Harmonized Life History (SN 8831) includes retrospective information on previous histories, specifically, detailed data on previous partnership, children, residential, health, and work histories.
• Detailed geographical identifier files for Waves 1-10 which are grouped by identifier held under SN 8430 (Local Authority Type Pre-2009 Boundaries), SN 8441 (Local Authority Type Post-2009 Boundaries), SN 8431 (Quintile Index of Multiple Deprivation Score), SN 8432 (Quintile Population Density for Postcode Sectors), SN 8433 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators), SN 8437 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators).

Where boundary changes have occurred, the geographic identifier has been split into two separate studies to reduce the risk of disclosure. Users are also only allowed one version of each identifier:

• either SN 8430 (Local Authority Type Pre-2009 Boundaries) or SN 8441(Local Authority Type Post-2009 Boundaries)
• either SN 8433 (Census 2001 Rural-Urban Indicators) or SN 8437 (Census 2011 Rural-Urban Indicators)

ELSA Wave 6 and Wave 8 Self-Completion Questionnaires included an open-ended question where respondents could add any other comments they may wish to note down. These responses have been transcribed and anonymised. Researchers can request access to these transcribed...

These indicators are designed to accompany the SHMI publication. The SHMI methodology does not make any adjustment for deprivation. This is because adjusting for deprivation might create the impression that a higher death rate for those who are more deprived is acceptable. Patient records are assigned to 1 of 5 deprivation groups (called quintiles) using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). The deprivation quintile cannot be calculated for some records e.g. because the patient's postcode is unknown or they are not resident in England. Contextual indicators on the percentage of provider spells and deaths reported in the SHMI belonging to each deprivation quintile are produced to support the interpretation of the SHMI. Notes: 1. On 1st January 2025, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RAP) was acquired by Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RAL). This new organisation structure is reflected from this publication onwards. 2. There is a shortfall in the number of records for Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RTF), The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RFR), The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RXW), and Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RBL). Values for these trusts are based on incomplete data and should therefore be interpreted with caution. 3. A number of trusts are now submitting Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) data to the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) rather than the Admitted Patient Care (APC) dataset. The SHMI is calculated using APC data. Removal of SDEC activity from the APC data may impact a trust’s SHMI value and may increase it. More information about this is available in the Background Quality Report. 4. Further information on data quality can be found in the SHMI background quality report, which can be downloaded from the 'Resources' section of this page.