Current and historical data on India's External Debt - including its classification, currency, sources, term maturity, and its comparison with global peers.

Key information about India Government Debt: % of GDP

• India Government debt accounted for 57.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 57.1 % in the previous quarter.
• India government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2012 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 58.8 % in Sep 2023 and a record low of 44.6 % in Dec 2018.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides Government Debt in local currency. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about India Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, India National Government Debt reached 2,144.6 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 873.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

India recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 81.92 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - India Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about India External Debt

• India External Debt reached 711.8 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with 682.2 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• India External Debt: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Sep 1999 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 711.8 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 96.4 USD bn in Sep 2000.

Related information about India External Debt

• In the latest reports of India, Current Account recorded a deficit of 11.2 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 5.0 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• India Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 7.3 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 19.8 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 873.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

In fiscal year 2024, the total debt of Wipro Limited amounted to about *** billion Indian rupees, down from about *** billion Indian rupees in comparison with the previous year. Wipro Limited is an Indian multinational corporation that provides information technology, consulting and business process services and is headquartered in Bangalore.

Key information about India External Debt: % of GDP

• India External Debt accounted for 18.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 20.0 % in the previous year.
• India External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1970 to Mar 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 38.2 % in Mar 1992 and a record low of 10.9 % in Mar 1980.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides External Debt in local currency. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008, at 2011-2012 prices. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about India External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of India, Current Account recorded a deficit of 1.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 9.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• India Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 3.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 1.6 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• The country's External Debt reached 624,653.7 in Mar 2023.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 873.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

In financial year 2025, the reserves to debt ratio in India was estimated to be around ** percent, down from about ** percent in the previous fiscal year. The ratio of reserves to debt is an important indicator to measure the country's capacity to utilize its reserve resources in times of crisis.

Total Union Budget Allocation for Repayment of Debt under Ministry of Finace .It has Internal and External Debt , appropriation includes provision for repayment of internal and external debt raised by Central Government including discharge of Treasury bills of different maturities, short term borrowings through Cash Management Bills, Ways and Means Advances, buy back/switches for reduction/debt portfolio management etc.

Key information about India Household Debt: % of GDP

• India household debt accounted for 17.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 14.9 % in the previous year.
• India household debt to GDP ratio is updated yearly, available from Mar 1998 to Mar 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 17.1 % in Mar 2024 and a record low of 2.2 % in Mar 1999.

CEIC calculates annual Household Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Household Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Reserve Bank of India provides Household Debt in local currency. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008, at 2011-2012 prices. Loans are used due to the lack of Flow of Funds statistics. Household Debt includes Consumer Durables, Housing and Rest of Personal Loans. Household Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about India Household Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, India Household Debt reached 617.3 USD bn in Mar 2024.
• Money Supply M2 in India increased 7.9 % YoY in Nov 2024.
• India Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 547.5 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 9.2 Months of Import in May 2023.
• India Domestic Credit reached 3,168.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an increased of 11.1 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 2.8 % in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 3.9 % in the previous year.

Himachal Pradesh Budget 2014-15: Public Debt

India IN: External Debt: Interest Forgiven data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2006. India IN: External Debt: Interest Forgiven data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2014, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2014. India IN: External Debt: Interest Forgiven data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Interest forgiven is the amount of interest due or in arrears that was written off or forgiven in any given year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

The net debt of SpiceJet was around ** billion Indian rupees during the fiscal year 2023. This was an increase in net debt from the previous fiscal year.

India IN: External Debt: Interest Rescheduled: Capitalized data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2006. India IN: External Debt: Interest Rescheduled: Capitalized data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2014, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2014. India IN: External Debt: Interest Rescheduled: Capitalized data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Interest rescheduled is the amount of interest due or in arrears that was rescheduled in any given year. (Interest capitalized is the interest that became part of the stock of debt due to a rescheduling operation.) Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Uttar Pradesh Budget 2014-15: Expenditure - Finance Department (Debt Service and Other Expenses)

Karnataka Budget 2014-15: Revenue 6003 Internal Debt of the State Government

Total Allocation for Interest Payments under MINISTRY OF FINANCE,2015-16. The entire expenditure included in this Appropriation is classified as 'Charged' on the Consolidated Fund of India under article 112 (3)(c)of the Constitution.The Appropriation provides for interest charges on Central Government's debt obligations, both internal and external. It also includes provisions for interest payable on provident funds, special deposits with the Government besides depreciation and other reserve funds of commercial departments, like Railways. Provision for management of debt and other liabilities of the Central government are also included in this Appropriation. The provision for interest/discount payment on dated securities/treasury bills issued under the Market Stabilisation Scheme(MSS) , in compliance with the provisions of the MOU on MSS dated March 25, 2004. The increase in the Budget Estimates 2015-2016 is mainly due to larger requirements for interest on market loans, Discount on Treasury Bills, charges payable for management of Debt, interest on securities issued against small savings collection and insurance and pension funds.

Key information about India National Government Debt

• India National Government Debt reached 2,144.6 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with 2,113.5 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• India National Government Debt data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1998 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,144.6 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 232.8 USD bn in Dec 1998.

CEIC converts quarterly Government Debt into USD. The Ministry of Finance provides Government Debt in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Government Debt covers Central Government only.


Related information about India National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, India Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 4.6 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 58.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024.
• India Nominal GDP reached 873.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

India IN: External Debt: TDS: PRVG: Private Creditors data was reported at 0.927 USD mn in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.898 USD mn for 2013. India IN: External Debt: TDS: PRVG: Private Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 16.303 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2014, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 69.321 USD mn in 2002 and a record low of 0.927 USD mn in 2014. India IN: External Debt: TDS: PRVG: Private Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Private sector guaranteed by Public Sector guaranteed debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Debt service payments are the sum of principal repayments and interest payments actually made in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

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Indicator, Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, rural (% of rural population), Access to electricity (% of population), Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, female (% of primary school age children), Adjusted net national income (annual % growth), Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI), Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (current US$), Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI), Adjusted savings: net national savings (current US$), Adolescents out of school (% of lower secondary school age), Adolescents out of school, female (% of female lower secondary school age), Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population), Agricultural methane emissions (% of total), Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$), Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$), Alternative and nuclear energy (% of total energy use), Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, total population (%), Arms exports (SIPRI trend indicator values), Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values), Average working hours of children, working only, ages 7-14 (hours per week), Average working hours of children, working only, male, ages 7-14 (hours per week), Cause of death, by injury (% of total), Cereal yield (kg per hectare), Changes in inventories (current US$), Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing), Child employment in agriculture (% of economically active children ages 7-14), Child employment in manufacturing, female (% of female economically active children ages 7-14), Child employment in manufacturing, male (% of male economically active children ages 7-14), Child employment in services (% of economically active children ages 7-14), Child employment in services, female (% of female economically active children ages 7-14), Children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV, Children in employment, study and work (% of children in employment, ages 7-14), Children in employment, unpaid family workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14), Children in employment, wage workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14), Children out of school, primary, Children out of school, primary, male, Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (annual growth as % of broad money), CO2 emissions (kg per 2015 US$ of GDP), CO2 emissions (kt), CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion), CO2 emissions from transport (% of total fuel combustion), Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP), Condom use, population ages 15-24, female (% of females ages 15-24), Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units), Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49), Control of Corruption: Estimate, Control of Corruption: Percentile Rank, Upper Bound of 90% Confidence Interval, Control of Corruption: Standard Error, Coverage of social insurance programs in 4th quintile (% of population), CPIA building human resources rating (1=low to 6=high), CPIA debt policy rating (1=low to 6=high), CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high), CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high), CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating (1=low to 6=high), CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high), Current education expenditure, secondary (% of total expenditure in secondary public institutions), DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$), Deposit interest rate (%), Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high), Diarrhea treatment (% of children under 5 who received ORS packet), Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (current LCU), Domestic private health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $), Droughts, floods, extreme temperatures (% of population, average 1990-2009), Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative), Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative), Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative), Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, total (%) (cumulative), Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative), Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative), Electricity production from coal sources (% of total), Electricity production from nuclear sources (% of total), Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate), Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate), Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate), Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate), Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate), Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita), Export unit value index (2015 = 100), Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$), External debt stocks (% of GNI), External health expenditure (% of current health expenditure), Female primary school age children out-of-school (%), Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%), Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (% of firms), Firms experiencing losses due to theft and vandalism (% of firms), Firms formally registered when operations started (% of firms), Fixed broadband subscriptions, Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people), Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP), Forest area (% of land area), Forest area (sq. km), Forest rents (% of GDP), GDP growth (annual %), GDP per capita (constant LCU), GDP per unit of energy use (PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent), GDP, PPP (constant 2017 international $), General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU), GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent), GNI growth (annual %), GNI per capita (constant LCU), GNI, PPP (current international $), Goods and services expense (current LCU), Government Effectiveness: Percentile Rank, Government Effectiveness: Percentile Rank, Lower Bound of 90% Confidence Interval, Government Effectiveness: Standard Error, Gross capital formation (annual % growth), Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), Gross capital formation (current LCU), Gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP), Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male (% of relevant age group), Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, total (% of relevant age group), Gross national expenditure (current LCU), Gross national expenditure (current US$), Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant LCU), Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$), Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2017 international $), Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure: linked series (current LCU), Human capital index (HCI) (scale 0-1), Human capital index (HCI), male (scale 0-1), Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months), Import value index (2015 = 100), Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), Incidence of HIV, ages 15-24 (per 1,000 uninfected population ages 15-24), Incidence of HIV, all (per 1,000 uninfected population), Income share held by highest 20%, Income share held by lowest 20%, Income share held by third 20%, Individuals using the Internet (% of population), Industry (including construction), value added (constant LCU), Informal payments to public officials (% of firms), Intentional homicides, male (per 100,000 male), Interest payments (% of expense), Interest rate spread (lending rate minus deposit rate, %), Internally displaced persons, new displacement associated with conflict and violence (number of cases), International tourism, expenditures for passenger transport items (current US$), International tourism, expenditures for travel items (current US$), Investment in energy with private participation (current US$), Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate), Development

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India IN: External Debt: Buyback data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2014. India IN: External Debt: Buyback data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2014, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2014. India IN: External Debt: Buyback data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of its own debt, discounted or at par. In the event of a buyback of long-term debt, the face value of the debt bought back will be recorded as a decline in the long-term debt stock, and the cash amount received by creditors will be recorded as a principal repayment. Data are in current U.S. dollars.