With almost all major religions being practiced throughout the country, India is known for its religious diversity. Islam makes up the highest share among minority faiths in the country. According to the Indian census of 2011, the Muslim population in Uttar Pradesh more than 35 million, making it the state with the most Muslims.

Socio-economic conditions of Muslims
Muslims seem to lag behind every other religious community in India in terms of living standards, financial stability, education and other aspects, thereby showing poor performance in most of the fields. According to a national survey, 17 percent of the Muslims were categorized under the lowest wealth index, which indicates poor socio-economic conditions.

Growth of Muslim population in India
Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions worldwide. According to India’s census, the Muslim population has witnessed a negative decadal growth of more than 16 percent from 1951 to 1960, presumably due to the partitions forming Pakistan and Bangladesh. The population showed a positive and steady growth since 1961, making up 14 percent of the total population of India . Even though people following Islam were estimated to grow significantly, they would still remain a minority in India compared to 1.3 billion Hindus by 2050.

According to the latest census data, Lakshadweep, the island union territory had the highest share of Muslim population in the country, where 97 percent of its population identified as followers of the Islamic faith. Jammu & Kashmir ranked second at 68 percent during the same time period. With almost all major religions being practiced throughout the country, India is known for its religious diversity. Islam makes up the highest share among minority faiths in the country.

According to India's last census in 2011, about 14.2 percent of the total population identified as Muslims. This was an increase from about ten percent in 1951. Overall, India has been a religiously pluralistic and multiethnic democracy with people of several faiths.

In 2022, Indonesia has the largest population of Muslims worldwide with around 241.5 million. This was followed with around 225.6 million Muslims in Pakistan and 211.16 million Muslims in India.

India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Rural data was reported at 103,504,739.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 88,794,744.000 Person for 2001. India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 96,149,741.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103,504,739.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 88,794,744.000 Person in 2001. India Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Census of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE001: Census: Population: by Religion.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Chandigarh data was reported at 51,447.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 35,548.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Chandigarh data is updated decadal, averaging 43,497.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51,447.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 35,548.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Chandigarh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Karnataka: Female data was reported at 3,885,194.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,160,545.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Karnataka: Female data is updated decadal, averaging 3,522,869.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,885,194.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 3,160,545.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Karnataka: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

According to data published by Ipsos, Indian respondents overestimated the proportion of Muslim population in their country. On average, the respondents thought that around 32 out of every 100 people in India were Muslims, when the actual share of Muslim population was around 14 percent in the country.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Assam: Female data was reported at 5,215,952.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,987,920.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Assam: Female data is updated decadal, averaging 4,601,936.000 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,215,952.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 3,987,920.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Assam: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

It was estimated that by 2050, India's Muslim population would grow by 76 percent compared to 2010. For followers of the Hindu faith, this change stood at 33 percent. According to this projection, the south Asian country would be home not just to the world's majority of Hindus, but also Muslims by this time period. Regardless, the latter would continue to remain a minority within the country at 18 percent, with 77 percent or 1.3 billion Hindus at the forefront by 2050.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Bihar data was reported at 17,557,809.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,722,048.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Bihar data is updated decadal, averaging 15,639,928.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17,557,809.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 13,722,048.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Bihar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Female data was reported at 15,112.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,529.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Female data is updated decadal, averaging 14,320.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,112.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 13,529.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

With almost all major religions being practiced throughout the country, India is known for its religious diversity. Hinduism made up for the highest share of faith followed by people in the country. According to the Indian census of 2011, Muslims had the highest population growth in the country.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Jharkhand: Male data was reported at 2,467,219.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,924,730.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Jharkhand: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 2,195,974.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,467,219.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 1,924,730.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Jharkhand: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

A survey conducted across India in 2024 found that 77 percent of Hindu population and 81 percent of minorities agree that India belongs to all religions equally. The survey reflects citizens' faith in the secular and pluralistic fabric of the country.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Rajasthan data was reported at 6,215,377.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,788,227.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Rajasthan data is updated decadal, averaging 5,501,802.000 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,215,377.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 4,788,227.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Rajasthan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

According to a survey conducted in 2020, 54 percent of Indian Americans in the United States said that they identified as Hindu while 13 percent said that they identified as Muslim. A further nine percent said that they identified with no religion in particular.

According to India's last census in 2011, the Muslim population had about 24.6 percent of decadal growth rate, while Hindus had a decadal growth rate of 16.8 percent. India, a secular nation provides religious freedom as a fundamental right under the constitution to its citizens.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Punjab: Male data was reported at 287,534.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 213,023.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Punjab: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 250,278.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 287,534.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 213,023.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Punjab: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.

Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Sikkim: Male data was reported at 6,536.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,346.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Sikkim: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 5,941.000 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,536.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 5,346.000 Person in 03-01-2001. Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim: Sikkim: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAE003: Census: Population: by Religion: Muslim.