In 2023, the annual rainfall measured across India amounted to ***** millimeters. This was a decrease from around ***** millimeters of rainfall recorded one year earlier. The month of July saw the highest amount of rainfall in 2023 across the country.

Precipitation in India increased to 1253.84 mm in 2024 from 1163.62 mm in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for India Average Precipitation.

Rainfall: All India: Normal data was reported at 13.000 mm in 14 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.800 mm for 07 May 2025. Rainfall: All India: Normal data is updated weekly, averaging 10.200 mm from Jan 2008 (Median) to 14 May 2025, with 889 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.700 mm in 29 Jul 2009 and a record low of 0.600 mm in 24 Jan 2024. Rainfall: All India: Normal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by India Meteorological Department. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Environment – Table IN.EVB003: Rainfall: by Region: Weekly.

India experienced on an average ***** millimeters of rainfall in 2022. The east and north-east region received the highest amount of rainfall that year, at over ***** millimeters. This was followed by the south peninsula region, where some ***** millimeters of rainfall were recorded.

Throughout 2023, the monthly rainfall recorded in India was the highest in July, at over *** millimeters. On the other hand, the driest month that year was February, with some *** millimeters of rainfall measured across the country.

Annual rainfall refers to the total amount of precipitation, primarily in the form of rain, that an area receives over a year. It is typically measured in millimetres (mm) or inches. The annual rainfall is a key indicator of a region's climate and directly influences ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and human activities. Rainfall patterns are often dictated by geographical factors such as latitude, elevation, proximity to bodies of water, and atmospheric conditions, including the movement of weather systems and monsoons. Different regions can experience vastly different annual rainfall amounts—arid areas may receive only a few millimetres, while tropical rainforests can receive thousands of millimetres annually. Monitoring annual rainfall is crucial for managing water supplies, predicting agricultural yields, and planning infrastructure, especially in regions prone to floods or droughts, where variability in precipitation can have significant social and economic impacts.

Rainfall: Cumulative: Andhra Pradesh: Prakasam: Normal data was reported at 68.600 mm in 18 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 67.700 mm for 17 May 2025. Rainfall: Cumulative: Andhra Pradesh: Prakasam: Normal data is updated daily, averaging 68.700 mm from Jun 2018 (Median) to 18 May 2025, with 2489 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 391.200 mm in 30 Sep 2021 and a record low of 0.000 mm in 01 Mar 2025. Rainfall: Cumulative: Andhra Pradesh: Prakasam: Normal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by India Meteorological Department. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Environment – Table IN.EVB012: Rainfall: by District: Cumulative.

A deficiency in the rainfall was observed in almost all seasons across the different regions of India during 2023 monsoon season. August and September were the driest months, both reporting a nation-wide rainfall anomaly of more than ** percent compared to the long period average.

The Dataset contains year wise actual annual rainfall across the meteorological sub divisions in India. The information is collated from RBI's Handbook of Statistics on States and is based on the information received from Indian Meteorological Department.

Rainfall: Central India: Normal data was reported at 0.500 mm in 22 Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.400 mm for 21 Nov 2018. Rainfall: Central India: Normal data is updated daily, averaging 6.000 mm from May 2018 (Median) to 22 Nov 2018, with 173 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.100 mm in 04 Aug 2018 and a record low of 0.300 mm in 17 Nov 2018. Rainfall: Central India: Normal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by India Meteorological Department. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table IN.RIS001: Rainfall: by Region.

Water is an essential ingredient to life on Earth. In its three phases (solid, liquid, and gas), water continuously cycles within the Earth and atmosphere to create significant parts of our planet’s climate system, such as clouds, rivers, vegetation, oceans, and glaciers. Precipitation is a part of the water cycle, where water particles fall from clouds in the form of rain, sleet, snow, ice crystals, or hail. So how does precipitation form? As water on Earth’s surface evaporates it changes from liquid to gas and rises into the atmosphere. Because air cools as altitude increases, the vapor rises to a point in the atmosphere where it cools enough to condense into liquid water or freeze into ice, which forms a cloud. Water vapor continues to condense and stick to other water droplets in the cloud until the weight of the accumulated water becomes too heavy for the cloud to hold. If the air in the cloud is above freezing (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit), the water falls to the Earth as rain. If the air in the cloud is below freezing, ice crystals form and it snows if the air between the cloud and the ground stays below 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). If a snowflake falls through a warmer part of a cloud, it can get coated in water, then refrozen multiple times as it circulates around the cloud. This forms heavy pellets of ice, called hail, that can fall from the sky at speeds estimated between 14 and 116 kmph (9 and 72 mph) depending on its size. A hailstone can range from the size of a pea (approximately 0.6 cm or 0.25 inches) to a golf ball (approximately 4.5 cm or 1.75 inches), and sometimes even reach the size of a softball (approximately 10 cm or 4 inches).Precipitation doesn’t fall in the same amounts throughout the world. The presence of mountains, global winds, and the unequal distribution of land and sea cause some parts of the world to receive greater amounts of precipitation compared with others. Areas with rising moist air generally indicate regions with high precipitation. According to the Köppen Climate Classification System, tropical wet and tropical monsoon climates receive annual precipitation of 150 cm (59 inches) or greater. Tropical wet regions, where rain occurs year-round, are found near the equator in central Africa, the Amazon rainforest, and southern India. Monsoons are storms with large patterns of wind and heavy rain that can span over a continent. Tropical monsoon climates are located mainly in Southeast Asia and areas around the Pacific Ocean, where annual rainfall is equal to or greater than areas with a tropical wet climate. Here, intense monsoon rains fall during the three hottest months of the year, which are usually between June and October. Snow and ice, which are most common in high altitudes and latitudes, cover most of the Earth’s polar regions. High altitude regions of the Andes, Tibetan Plateau, and the Rocky Mountains maintain some amount of snow cover year-round.Over the next century, it is predicted warming global temperatures will increase the temperature of the ocean and increase the speed of the water cycle. With a quicker rate of evaporation, there will be more water in the atmosphere, allowing clouds to produce heavier precipitation and more intense storms. Although storms would be more intense in wetter regions, increased evaporation could also lead to extreme drought in drier areas of the world. This would greatly affect farmers who grow crops in dry locations like Southern California or Kansas.This map layer shows Earth's mean precipitation (measured in centimeters per month) averaged from 1981 to 2012 as calculated but the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The data was collected from the Copernicus satellite and validated with precipitation measurements from weather stations. Scientists averaged all of the amounts (originally collected in meters) occurring each month together, and they calculated the average of each month over 30 years to create this map.

The Indian Precipitation Ensemble Dataset (IPED) is the first observation-based ensemble gridded precipitation dataset for India. It includes the mean and standard deviation of 30 ensembles daily from 1991 to 2023 at a resolution of 0.1°.

The dataset contains two folders:

1. IPED Ensemble's Mean
2. IPED Ensemble's Standard Deviation

For detailed information about this dataset and its development, please refer to the original research article published in the Scientific Data:

Peringiyil, A., Saharia, M., O. P., S. et al. A station-based 0.1-degree daily gridded ensemble precipitation dataset for India. Sci Data 12, 333 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04474-2

Disclaimer

When using the IPED dataset, users must cite it along with the associated research article published in "Scientific Data".

To Be Cited:

1. Peringiyil, A., Saharia, M., O. P., S. et al. A station-based 0.1-degree daily gridded ensemble precipitation dataset for India. Sci Data 12, 333 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04474-2
2. Anagha P, & Manabendra Saharia. (2025). Indian Precipitation Ensemble Dataset (IPED) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8199138

India weekly precipitation, 1979 through 1985, for 34 mainland divisions and an island, have been digitized at Florida State University, from India's "Weekly Weather Report". This is based on the stations that report operationally (probably 500-1000 stations). More stations are available in delayed time. The division precipitation for a week is the average of stations that did report during that week. The weeks are continuous. The division normals for the period 1901-1970 are included in the data.

During 2023, the average temperature recorded in India was ***** degrees Celsius, a slight increase from the ** degrees Celsius recorded in the previous year. This represented the highest average temperature recorded in the South Asian country since 2017.

Rainfall: Ladakh: Normal data was reported at 0.800 mm in 14 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.200 mm for 07 May 2025. Rainfall: Ladakh: Normal data is updated weekly, averaging 2.480 mm from Jun 2020 (Median) to 14 May 2025, with 255 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.600 mm in 01 Oct 2024 and a record low of 1.430 mm in 28 Aug 2013. Rainfall: Ladakh: Normal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by India Meteorological Department. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Environment – Table IN.EVB007: Rainfall: by States: Weekly.

India: Precipitation, mm per year: The latest value from 2021 is 1083 mm per year, unchanged from 1083 mm per year in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 1168 mm per year, based on data from 178 countries. Historically, the average for India from 1961 to 2021 is 1083 mm per year. The minimum value, 1083 mm per year, was reached in 1961 while the maximum of 1083 mm per year was recorded in 1961.

The monsoon season brought the most rainfall in the Indian states of Assam and Meghalaya, measuring more than *** thousand millimeters in 2018. The states recorded an annual rainfall of over *** millimeters in that year.

WorldClim 2.1 provides downscaled estimates of climate variables as monthly means over the period of 1970-2000 based on interpolated station measurements. Here we provide analytical image services of precipitation for each month along with an annual mean. Each time step is accessible from a processing template.Time Extent: Monthly/Annual 1970-2000Units: mm/monthCell Size: 2.5 minutes (~5 km)Source Type: StretchedPixel Type: 16 Bit IntegerData Projection: GCS WGS84Mosaic Projection: GCS WGS84Extent: GlobalSource: WorldClim v2.1Using Processing Templates to Access TimeThere are 13 processing templates applied to this service, each providing access to the 12 monthly and 1 annual mean precipitation layers. To apply these in ArcGIS Online, select the Image Display options on the layer. Then pull down the list of variables from the Renderer options. Click Apply and Close. In ArcGIS Pro, go into the Layer Properties. Select Processing Templates from the left-hand menu. From the Processing Template pull down menu, select the version to display.What can you do with this layer?This layer may be added to maps to visualize and quickly interrogate each pixel value. The pop-up provides a graph of the time series along with the calculated annual mean value.This layer can be used in analysis. For example, the layer may be added to ArcGIS Pro and an area count of precipitation may be produced for a feature dataset using the zonal statistics tool. Statistics may be compared with the statistics from month to month to show seasonal patterns.To calculate precipitation by land area, or any other analysis, be sure to use an equal area projection, such as Albers or Equal Earth.Source Data: The datasets behind this layer were extracted from GeoTIF files produced by WorldClim at 2.5 minutes resolution. The mean of the 12 GeoTIFs was calculated (annual), and the 13 rasters were converted to Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF format and added to a mosaic dataset.Citation: Fick, S.E. and R.J. Hijmans, 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 37 (12): 4302-4315.

Rainfall: Cumulative: Uttar Pradesh: Hapur: Normal data was reported at 33.600 mm in 17 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 32.700 mm for 16 May 2025. Rainfall: Cumulative: Uttar Pradesh: Hapur: Normal data is updated daily, averaging 20.600 mm from Jun 2019 (Median) to 17 May 2025, with 2083 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 730.400 mm in 30 Sep 2021 and a record low of 0.000 mm in 29 Nov 2020. Rainfall: Cumulative: Uttar Pradesh: Hapur: Normal data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by India Meteorological Department. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Environment – Table IN.EVB012: Rainfall: by District: Cumulative.

Soil erosion induced by water has been identified as one of the major environmental problems worldwide. The erosive force of rainfall, also known as rainfall erosivity (R-factor), is the potential of rain to cause soil degradation and one of the factors in the widely adopted RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) empirical soil erosion estimation model. About 68.4% of total eroded soil in India is eroded due to erosion by water, and rainfall erosivity is one of the major factors. The past assessments of rainfall erosivity in India were however largely based on rain-gauge recordings and surveys which hinders its understanding and estimation over large areas. Growing availability of gridded precipitation datasets presents an unprecedented opportunity to study long-term rainfall erosivity over varied terrains and address some of the limitations of point data-based studies. IRED (Indian Rainfall Erosivity Dataset) is the first such national-scale assessment of rainfall erosivity over India using gridded precipitation datasets, which will be helpful for agricultural experts, watershed managers, agronomists, and soil-conservational experts in order to understand and mitigate rainfall-induced erosion. In this dataset, long term yearly average R-factor, Fourier Index (FI), and Modified Fourier Index (MFI) maps have been included with a distributional analysis over IMD (India Metrological Department) defined regions, states and districts of India.