The USD/INR exchange rate fell to 88.7130 on October 10, 2025, down 0.17% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Indian Rupee has weakened 0.50%, and is down by 5.48% over the last 12 months. Indian Rupee - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

India IN: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD data was reported at 84.404 USD/INR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 83.630 USD/INR for 2024. India IN: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 48.323 USD/INR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2025, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 84.404 USD/INR in 2025 and a record low of 32.432 USD/INR in 1995. India IN: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. EXCHUD - Exchange rate, national currency per USD

India IN: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 75.568 USD/INR in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 74.843 USD/INR for 2020. India IN: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD: Double Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 46.604 USD/INR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 75.568 USD/INR in 2021 and a record low of 32.432 USD/INR in 1995. India IN: Exchange Rate: National Currency per USD: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. EXCHUD - Exchange rate, national currency per USD

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is valued to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2024 to 2029. Growing urbanization and digitalization will drive the foreign exchange market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

Europe dominated the market and accounted for a 47% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Reporting dealers segment was valued at USD 278.60 billion in 2023
By Trade Finance Instruments - Currency swaps segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 118.14 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 582.00 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 10.6%

Market Summary

The market, a dynamic and intricate web of financial transactions, plays a pivotal role in facilitating global trade and economic interactions. Its primary function is to enable the conversion of one currency into another, thereby mitigating the risk of currency fluctuations for businesses and investors. Key drivers of this market include growing urbanization and digitalization, which have expanded trading opportunities to a 24x7 global economy. However, the uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a significant challenge, necessitating effective risk management strategies. The market's evolution reflects the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy. Transactions occur in a decentralized, over-the-counter system, with major trading centers in London, New York, and Tokyo.
Participants include commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and individual investors, all seeking to capitalize on price differences between currencies. Trends shaping the market include the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence to analyze market data and execute trades. Regulatory changes, such as the introduction of stricter capital requirements, also impact the market's functioning. Looking ahead, the market is expected to remain a vital component of the global financial landscape, with continued growth driven by increased trade and economic interdependence. However, challenges, such as regulatory changes and geopolitical risks, will necessitate adaptability and innovation from market participants.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Foreign Exchange Market Segmented ?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market, a dynamic and ever-evolving financial landscape, is characterized by constant activity and intricate patterns. Participants engage in various trading strategies, employing advanced tools such as stop-loss and take-profit orders on forex trading platforms. Real-time data feeds and order book dynamics facilitate trade execution speed, while market microstructure and slippage minimization techniques ensure efficient transactions. Currency correlation analysis and transaction cost analysis are integral to informed decision-making, with backtesting methodologies providing valuable insights. Currency forwards contracts, position sizing techniques, and forex derivatives pricing are essential components of risk management systems. Carry trade strategies, hedging strategies, and interest rate parity are popular tactics employed by market participants.

Algorithmic trading strategies, driven by options pricing models and trading algorithms' efficiency, significantly influence price discovery mechanisms. High-frequency trading and volatility modeling contribute to the market's liquidity risk management, while foreign exchange swaps and currency option valuation help manage risk. The market's complexities necessitate sophisticated risk management systems and intricate order routing optimization. Global payments systems facilitate the smooth transfer of funds, and liquidity risk management remains a critical concern for market participants. According to recent studies, The market is estimated to account for approximately USD6 trillion in daily trading volume, und

India IN: Exchange Rate: USD per National Currency: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at 0.013 INR/USD in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.013 INR/USD for 2020. India IN: Exchange Rate: USD per National Currency: Single Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 0.021 INR/USD from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.031 INR/USD in 1995 and a record low of 0.013 INR/USD in 2021. India IN: Exchange Rate: USD per National Currency: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. EXCH - Exchange rate, USD per national currency (1/EXCHUD)

India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at 21.619 USD/INR in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 21.619 USD/INR for 2020. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 12.579 USD/INR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.619 USD/INR in 2021 and a record low of 7.946 USD/INR in 1995. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

Foreign Exchange Reserves in India decreased to 699960 USD Million in October 3 from 700240 USD Million in the previous week. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - India Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In April 2025, the value of the Indian rupee per unit of U.S. dollar amounted to ***** Indian rupees. The exchange rate of one U.S. dollar to Indian rupee reached ** Indian rupees at the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2022 from ***** INR at the beginning of the year 2022 and has stayed above ** rupees since the beginning of 2025.

Prices for AEDINR UAE Dirham Indian Rupee including live quotes, historical charts and news. AEDINR UAE Dirham Indian Rupee was last updated by Trading Economics this October 12 of 2025.

Real Effective Exchange Rate in India was reported at 110 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Real Effective Exchange Rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 20.381 USD/INR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.155 USD/INR for 2024. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 14.596 USD/INR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2025, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.728 USD/INR in 2021 and a record low of 7.959 USD/INR in 1995. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

The Euro to Australian exchange rate history reveals a peak in March 2020 before declining well until mid-2022. Exchange rates fluctuate against each other constantly. As of August 27, 2025, the exchange rate was valued at 1.79 Australian dollars per euro. The rate at which one currency performs against another depends on the demand that it generates at any given time. Exchange rates are affected by several factors, including international trade, tourism, and geopolitical tensions.Euro gains strength against the Brexit PoundOne good example of geopolitical risks negatively impacting the strength of a currency is to look at the British Pound post Brexit referendum. The average annual exchange rate of the Euro to GBP increased significantly between 2015 and 2018.The Euro vs. the worldSince 2016, the euro has performed well against various other currencies. The Euro to U.S. dollar had seen its annual average exchange rate increase by 0.07 between 2016 and 2018, after slightly decreasing in 2019. Against the Indian Rupee, the Euro had performed even better, with the average annual exchange rate equaling 78.84 in 2019.

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Currency Counting Machine Market Size 2025-2029

The currency counting machine market size is forecast to increase by USD 961.6 million at a CAGR of 16.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of counterfeit currency and the growing need for weight-based currency counting machines. With the rise in cashless transactions, the number of card transactions has increased, leading businesses to prioritize the efficient handling of cash. This trend is particularly prominent in regions with high cash usage and a significant presence of bank notes. Key drivers for the market include the need for increased security against counterfeit currency, the growing preference for automated currency handling solutions, and the increasing demand for high-speed and high-capacity currency counting machines.
However, challenges such as the high initial investment cost and the need for regular maintenance and calibration persist. To capitalize on market opportunities, companies in the market should focus on developing innovative solutions that address the challenges of counterfeit currency and offer advanced features such as high-speed counting, weight-based sorting, and integration with cash recycling systems. Additionally, partnerships and collaborations with financial institutions, retailers, and government organizations can provide significant growth opportunities. The market is poised for growth due to the increasing need for security against counterfeit currency and the growing preference for automated currency handling solutions.
Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities should focus on developing innovative solutions that address market challenges and offer advanced features. Effective operational planning and strategic partnerships will be crucial for navigating the competitive landscape and maintaining a strong market position.

What will be the Size of the Currency Counting Machine Market during the forecast period?

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The market encompasses automated systems designed for the efficient processing of various forms of currency, including banknotes and coins. This market experiences significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of digital payments and the ongoing exchange of cash in financial transactions. Counterfeit notes pose a persistent challenge, necessitating advanced counterfeit currency detection technologies such as optical inspection and image processing. Financial inclusion and the expansion of small finance banks and commercial banks contribute to the market's expansion. These institutions rely on currency counting machines to streamline cash handling and banking operations, ensuring counting accuracy and operational efficiency.

How is this Currency Counting Machine Industry segmented?

The currency counting machine industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

End-user

  BFSI
  Retail
  Commercial


Type

  Basic note counter
  Hi-speed heavy duty cash counting
  Intelligent counting cum counterfeit detection machines


Capacity

  Low capacity
  Medium capacity
  High capacity


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  North America

    US
    Canada


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By End-user Insights

The BFSI segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market plays a significant role in the banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) sector by automating cash handling processes, ensuring accuracy, and enhancing security. Cummins Allison Corporation is a leading provider of currency counting machines, offering advanced features such as high-speed counting, counterfeit detection, and multi-currency capability for BFSI institutions. Driving factors for the adoption of currency counting machines in this sector include the need for increased efficiency in cash handling processes, the rising volume of cash transactions, and stringent security measures to combat counterfeiting and fraud. Retail stores, commercial organizations, and financial institutions, including small finance banks and commercial banks, benefit from the automated system's accuracy and security.

Despite the benefits, security concerns, such as loose notes, bundle notes, and weight-based machines, remain a challenge for the market. Governmental regulations and the increasing production of polymer-based banknotes also impact the market's growth. Currency counting machines remain a crucial tool for the BFSI sector, offering increased efficiency, accuracy, and security in cash handling processes.

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Money Supply M2 in India decreased to 70460.97 INR Billion in July from 72590.56 INR Billion in June of 2025. This dataset provides - India Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The global digital and cryptocurrency market is anticipated to reach a value of xx million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period (2025-2033). The surging adoption of digital currencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, coupled with the growing awareness about blockchain technology, is primarily driving market growth. Additionally, factors such as increasing government regulations, partnerships between key players, and the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms are contributing to the market expansion. The market is segmented by type (Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Zcash, Other), application (Private, Enterprise, Government, Other), and region (North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific). North America is currently the largest regional market, accounting for a significant share of the global revenue. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate over the forecast period, owing to the increasing adoption of digital currencies in countries like China, India, and Japan. Key players operating in the market include IBM, Ripple, Rubix by Deloitte, Accenture, Distributed Ledger Technologies, Oklink, Nasdaq Linq, Oracle, AWS, Citi Bank, ELayaway, HSBC, Ant Financial, JD Financial, Qihoo 360, Tecent, Baidu, Huawei, Bitspark, SAP, Bitfinex, BitFury Group, Bitstamp, Coinbase, Coinsecure, Litecoin, OKEX Fintech Company, Poloniex, and Unocoin Technologies Private.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

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Banknote Market Size 2025-2029

The banknote market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.19 billion, at a CAGR of 4.9% between 2024 and 2029. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the rising financial inclusion trend, with an increasing number of unbanked and underbanked populations gaining access to formal financial services.

Major Market Trends & Insights

APAC dominated the market and accounted for a 67% share in 2023.
The market is expected to grow significantly in Middle East and Africa region as well over the forecast period.
Based on the Type, the state-owned segment led the market and was valued at USD 6.65 billion of the global revenue in 2023.
Based on the Application, the intaglio printing segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023.

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 8.08 Billion
Future Opportunities: USD 2.19 Billion
CAGR (2024-2029): 4.9%
APAC: Largest market in 2023

The market continues to evolve, with ongoing advancements in technology driving innovation and adaptation across various sectors. Microprinting techniques, for instance, enable intricate designs and smaller text, enhancing security and aesthetic appeal. Banknote lifespan is extended through the use of advanced watermarking technology and counterfeit detection methods, such as color shifting ink and tactile features. Substrate composition, including the use of cotton banknotes and polymer substrates, plays a significant role in durability and counterfeit resistance. RFID technology and circulation management systems facilitate efficient tracking and authentication, while intaglio printing and infrared markings provide additional security features. Security printing employs magnetic ink and serial numbering for traceability, with authentication systems incorporating hologram technology, optical security features, and latent images.

What will be the Size of the Banknote Market during the forecast period?

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Damage detection is improved through the use of UV fluorescence and thread technology, ensuring the integrity of banknotes throughout their lifecycle. Industry growth is expected to reach double-digit percentages, with ongoing research and development in areas such as inkjet printing, perforation patterns, and optical variable devices. For example, a recent study revealed a 15% increase in sales for a major central bank due to the implementation of advanced security features and substrate materials.

Additionally, countries are increasingly outsourcing the printing of their currencies to specialized companies to improve security features and reduce counterfeiting. However, the market faces challenges as the use of cryptocurrencies gains momentum, potentially disrupting the traditional banking system and reducing demand for physical currency. This dynamic market landscape requires strategic planning and adaptation from industry players to capitalize on opportunities and navigate challenges effectively.

Companies must focus on enhancing security features, exploring new applications for banknotes, and developing innovative solutions to address the growing influence of cryptocurrencies. By staying agile and responsive to market shifts, organizations can maintain a competitive edge and thrive in the evolving market.

How is this Banknote Industry segmented?

The banknote industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  State-owned
  Commercial


Application

  Intaglio printing
  Offset Printing
  Letterpress Printing


End-User

  Central Banks
  Commercial Banks
  Government Agencies


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    Egypt
    KSA
    Oman
    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Argentina
    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The state-owned segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The segment was valued at USD 6.65 billion in 2023. It continued to the largest segment at a CAGR of -7.33%.

Banknote printing is a critical aspect of monetary systems, with various technologies and techniques shaping the industry's dynamics. State-owned printers, or state print works (SPWs), are the primary entities responsible for producing banknotes in many countries due to national security concerns. For instance, the US Bureau of Printing and Engraving took over banknote printing in 1877, ensuring exclusive control over the country's currency design and anti-counterfeiting fea

Prices for GBPINR British Pound Sterling Indian Rupee including live quotes, historical charts and news. GBPINR British Pound Sterling Indian Rupee was last updated by Trading Economics this October 11 of 2025.

Space Currency and Economy Market Outlook

In 2023, the global space currency and economy market size is estimated at USD 1.5 billion and is projected to reach USD 8.5 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 21.5%. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing commercial activity in space, coupled with advancements in blockchain and digital currency technologies.

The space economy is witnessing unprecedented growth due to the surge in space exploration activities and the increasing interest of private companies in space tourism, mining, and satellite services. Governments and private enterprises are investing heavily in space missions, which is expected to significantly boost the demand for a robust and efficient space currency system. This growth is further catalyzed by technological advancements in blockchain, which offer a secure and decentralized means of handling transactions in space, where traditional banking systems are impractical.

Another major growth driver for the space currency market is the burgeoning space tourism industry. Companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are spearheading efforts to make space travel accessible to civilians. As space travel becomes more frequent and commercially viable, the need for a reliable and universally accepted currency will become more critical. This will not only facilitate transactions between tourists and service providers but also support broader economic activities such as trade and commerce in space settlements and stations.

Space mining is another promising application driving the space currency market. With the potential to extract valuable resources like rare earth metals, water, and other minerals from asteroids and other celestial bodies, space mining could become a multi-billion-dollar industry. Efficient and secure transaction systems will be essential for this new frontier, ensuring that stakeholders can trade and invest with confidence. The development of a space-specific currency system could provide the necessary infrastructure to support this emerging industry.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the space currency and economy market, owing to the presence of key players and significant investments in space exploration and commercial space activities. The region's technological prowess and supportive regulatory environment further contribute to its leadership position. Other regions like Europe and Asia Pacific are also investing heavily in space programs, which will contribute to the market's growth. The Asia Pacific region, in particular, is expected to see a high CAGR due to increasing investments from countries like China and India.

Currency Type Analysis

The space currency market is segmented by currency type into cryptocurrency, digital currency, and traditional currency. Cryptocurrencies are expected to play a pivotal role in this market due to their decentralized nature and security features. Blockchain technology underpins these currencies, making them ideal for use in the space economy where traditional regulatory and banking infrastructures are absent. The transparency and immutability of blockchain transactions make cryptocurrencies particularly attractive for space-related transactions, ensuring trust and reliability among stakeholders.

Digital currencies, issued and regulated by governments or central banks, offer another avenue for space currency. These currencies can provide the stability and trust associated with traditional fiat currencies while leveraging digital technology for efficiency and security. Governments may issue digital currencies specifically designed for space missions and transactions, ensuring that economic activities in space are seamlessly integrated with terrestrial financial systems. This could be particularly relevant for inter-governmental collaborations in space exploration and research.

Traditional currencies, while less likely to be used directly in space, will still play a role in the broader space economy. Transactions for services and goods related to space missions, such as manufacturing spacecraft or providing launch services, will likely be conducted using traditional currencies. However, as the space economy matures, there may be a gradual shift towards more specialized currencies that better meet the unique needs of space commerce.

The coexistence of these different currency types will necessitate robust exchange mechanisms to facilitate seamless transactions. Platforms that enable the conversion between cryptoc

The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in India from 1987 to 2030. In 2020, the estimated gross domestic product per capita in India amounted to about 1,915.55 U.S. dollars. See figures on India's economic growth here. For comparison, per capita GDP in China had reached about 6,995.25 U.S. dollars in 2013. India's economic progress India’s progress as a country over the past decade can be attributed to a global dependency on cheaper production of goods and services from developed countries around the world. India’s economy is built upon its agriculture, manufacturing and services sector, which, along with its drastic rise in population and demand for employment, led to a significant increase of the nation’s GDP per capita. Despite experiencing rather momentous economic gains since the mid 2000s, the Indian economy stagnated around 2012, with a decrease in general growth as well as the value of its currency. Residents and consumers in India have recently shown pessimism regarding the future of the Indian economy as well as their own financial situation, and with the recent economic standstill, consumer confidence in the country could potentially lower in the near future. Typical Indian exports consist of agricultural products, jewelry, chemicals and ores. Imports consist primarily of crude oil, gold and precious stones, used primarily in the manufacturing of jewelry. As a result, India has seen a rather highly increased demand of several gems in order to boost their jewelry industry and in general their exports. Although India does not export an extensive amount of goods, especially when considering the stature of the country, India has remained as one of the world’s largest exporters.