In financial year 2021, the market size of diabetes and pre-diabetes care market in India was valued at about ** billion U.S. dollars. It is forecasted to reach about ** billion dollars in 2026 and ** billion dollars in 2031.

India Diabetes Care Drugs Market is Segmented by Drugs (Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs, Insulin, Non-insulin Injectable Drugs, And Combination Drugs). The Market Provides the Value (in USD) for the Above-Mentioned Segments.

The India diabetes market size was valued at INR 316.00 Billion in 2024, driven by high prevalence of diabetes cases across the region. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.00% during the forecast period of 2025-2034, to reach INR 1394.01 Billion by 2034.

The Indian Diabetes Device Market is Segmented by Device Type (Monitoring Devices and Management Devices), Patient Type (Type-1 Diabetes, Type-2 Diabetes, and Gestational & Other Specific Types), End User (Home-Care Settings, and Hospitals & Specialty Clinics), Sales Channel (Pharmacy Retail and Pharmacy Retail). The Report Offers the Value (in USD) and Volume (in Units) for the Above Segments.

The India Oral Anti-Diabetic Drug Market is Segmented by Drug Class (Biguanides, Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, and More), Age Group (Adults, Pediatric, and Geriatric), Diabetes Type (Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes), Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, and Online Pharmacies). The Market and Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

The India Diabetes Market size is valued at USD 4.2 billion in 2023, driven by market opportunities, key players, and sector analysis. Explore market share, revenue, and strategic insights.

India Food for Diabetics Market was valued at USD 1.34 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 3.01 Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 10.23% during the forecast period.

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Market Size	2024: USD 1.34 Billion
Forecast Market Size	2030: USD 3.01 Billion
CAGR	2025-2030: 10.23%
Fastest Growing Segment	Online
Largest Market	North
Key Players	1. Nestlé India Limited 2. Dabur India Limited 3. Britannia Industries 4. Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd 5. Unibic Foods India Private Limited 6. Kellogg India Pvt. Ltd 7. Bagrrys India Limited 8. ITC Limited 9. Dinesh Flour Mills 10. Nirvaanic Life Foods Pvt Ltd

The Indian diabetes market, currently estimated at a substantial size, exhibits robust growth potential. Driven by factors such as rising prevalence of diabetes due to lifestyle changes (sedentary lifestyles, increasing urbanization, and dietary shifts), an aging population, and improved healthcare infrastructure, the market is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 3.5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by increased awareness, improved diagnosis rates, and greater accessibility to advanced therapies. The market is segmented by drug type, encompassing oral anti-diabetic drugs (like Metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and DPP-4 inhibitors), various insulin formulations (basal, bolus, and biosimilars), combination therapies, and non-insulin injectables (GLP-1 receptor agonists). The competitive landscape is dominated by major pharmaceutical companies such as Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, and others, engaged in intense research and development to introduce innovative therapies and improve existing treatments. The significant unmet needs, particularly in managing long-term complications and improving patient adherence, present further opportunities for market expansion. The substantial market size presents a significant opportunity for pharmaceutical companies to invest in research, distribution networks, and patient education initiatives. The increasing affordability of newer therapies, coupled with government initiatives aimed at controlling diabetes prevalence, is expected to further propel market growth. However, challenges remain, including affordability concerns among a substantial portion of the population, lack of awareness in rural areas, and the need to address the long-term implications of diabetes management. Effective public health campaigns, strategic partnerships, and government support are crucial to optimizing the management of diabetes and realizing the full potential of this growing market. Considering the global market size of 1.7 million (in value units), assuming India constitutes a reasonable share (say, 5% given its population size and diabetes prevalence), the Indian market can be reasonably estimated in millions, and projected growth can be calculated based on the given CAGR. This estimation will be incorporated into the chart data below. Recent developments include: March 2023: Sanofi (India) has recently obtained marketing authorization from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) for its diabetes medication, Soliqua™. This pre-filled pen drug is specifically designed to enhance glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity who have not achieved sufficient control through oral or injectable therapies. Soliqua™ is administered once daily through pre-filled pens, containing a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide in two different ratios (10-40 and 30-60)., November 2022: AstraZeneca India gets approval to market the anti-diabetes drug Dapagliflozin. The company said it had received approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDCSCO) for the drug indicated for diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).. Notable trends are: Oral-Anti Diabetes Drugs Segment is Having the Highest Market Share in the Current Year.

The India Diabetes Drugs And Devices Market report segments the industry into Devices (Monitoring Devices, Management Devices) and Drugs (Oral Anti-Diabetes Drugs, Insulin Drugs, Combination Drugs, Non-Insulin Injectable Drugs). Get five years of historical data along with market forecasts for the next five years.

The India Diabetes Devices Market is expected to reach a value of USD 2.20 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 2.28% during the forecast period (2025-2033). The market has witnessed steady growth in recent years and is projected to continue this trajectory in the coming years, driven by factors such as the rising prevalence of diabetes, increased awareness about diabetes management, and technological advancements in diabetes devices. Rising disposable income, urbanization, and sedentary lifestyles are contributing to the growing prevalence of diabetes in India. The country has one of the largest diabetic populations globally, with over 74 million people suffering from the condition. This large patient pool creates a significant demand for diabetes devices, driving market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and diabetes awareness are further fueling the demand for diabetes devices. Key players in the market include Roche, Dexcom, Insulet, and Becton and Dickenson, among others. These companies are investing in research and development to introduce innovative devices and enhance the functionality of existing devices. Recent developments include: November 2023: Terumo India, the Indian subsidiary of Terumo Corporation, a renowned player in the field of medical technology, unveiled today the introduction of the Insulin Syringe, a sterile delivery tool designed for patients in need of frequent insulin injections. This move sets a new standard in enhancing patient comfort and adherence to therapy., March 2022: Medtronic India launched the MiniMed 780G, a next-generation closed-loop insulin pump system. The MiniMed 780G system is a next-generation closed-loop insulin pump system for the treatment of type-1 diabetes in people aged 7-80 years.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Number of Preterm and Low-weight Births, Advanced Technology in Fetal and Prenatal Monitoring. Potential restraints include: Stringent Regulatory Procedures. Notable trends are: Increasing use of monitoring devices in India.

The size of the India Diabetes Drugs and Devices Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of > 3.00% during the forecast period.Diabetes drugs and devices are very important weapons for the management of diabetes, as this is a chronic condition with high blood sugar levels. Diabetes drugs work on controlling blood glucose by either causing elevated insulin production, making insulin more sensitive, or inhibiting glucose absorption from the gut. The common classes of diabetes drugs include oral medications, which may be metformin, sulfonylureas, and DPP-4 inhibitors; and injectable medications such as insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists.Diabetes devices, on the other hand help in controlling and monitoring diabetes by providing relevant and timely information about blood glucose levels. Such devices include blood glucose meters, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and insulin pumps. Blood glucose meters measure blood sugar levels by analyzing a small blood sample, and the continuous glucose monitoring system continuously monitors glucose level through a sensor inserted into the body under the skin. Insulin pumps provide the body with precise doses of insulin when necessary, thereby mimicking the natural production of insulin in the human body. Indian diabetes drugs and devices are one of the fastest-growing markets worldwide. The increasing cases of the disease, combined with higher awareness in health care and greater access to health care, are factors that spurred the demand for effective management of diabetes.Furthermore, the innovative diabetes drugs and equipment launched by the Indian government have been a further stimulant for growth of this market. The aging Indian population and lifestyle diseases are said to continue raising the demands for diabetes drugs and devices in the coming years. Recent developments include: November 2022: AstraZeneca India gets approval to market the anti-diabetes drug Dapagliflozin. The company said it had received approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDCSCO) for the drug indicated for diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)., March 2022: Medtronic India launched the MiniMed 780G, a next-generation closed-loop insulin pump system. The MiniMed 780G system is a next-generation closed-loop insulin pump system for treating type-1 diabetes in people aged 7-80 years.. Key drivers for this market are: , The Rise in Global Prevalence of Cases of Obesity due to Modern Sedentary Lifestyles; Rise in Awareness and Disposable Income in Developed Economies. Potential restraints include: , Highly Cost of Branded Products in Emerging Countries; Severe Adverse Associated with Medication Including Seizures, Suicidal Attempts and Even Death; Adoption of Traditional Yoga and Herbal Products. Notable trends are: The continuous Glucose Monitoring Segment is Expected to Witness the Highest Growth Rate Over the Forecast Period.

India Diabetes Care Drugs Market size was valued at USD 4.6 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 13.5 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 14.4% from 2025 to 2032.

India Diabetes Care Drugs Market Drivers

Rising Prevalence of Diabetes: The rising prevalence of diabetes in India drive the diabetes care drugs market. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 2021, India now has 74.2 million diabetics, with the number expected to rise to 124.9 million by 2045. As the country has the world's second-largest diabetic population, the growing number of diabetic patients produces a huge need for medications, propelling the diabetes care drugs market forward.

Growing Urban Population and Lifestyle Changes: The growing urban population and lifestyle changes in India are fueling the diabetes care drugs market. According to World Bank projections, India's urban population will reach 35.4% in 2021, up from 27.7% in 2000. Urban lifestyles, which are frequently connected with sedentary behavior, poor food, and elevated stress, are linked to an increased risk of diabetes. According to research conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), urban Indians have a 28% greater prevalence of diabetes than their rural counterparts.

Health Insurance Penetration: The growing health insurance penetration is boosting the India diabetes care drugs market. According to IRDAI data, health insurance coverage in India increased from 34% in 2019-20 to 37% in 2020-21, allowing more people to receive diabetes treatment through insurance. As more people get coverage, the financial burden of managing diabetes decreases, making treatment more affordable to a wider proportion of the population.

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Type 2 Diabetes Market Size 2025-2029

The type 2 diabetes market size is forecast to increase by USD 53.8 billion, at a CAGR of 12.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the rising prevalence of diabetes, fueled by an increasing geriatric population. This demographic trend, coupled with the underdiagnosis of the condition, presents both opportunities and challenges for market participants. The large, untapped population of undiagnosed individuals represents a significant market opportunity for innovative diagnostic solutions. However, the low diagnosis rate also poses a challenge, as untreated diabetes can lead to severe health complications and increased healthcare costs. The geriatric population, with its higher susceptibility to diabetes, further exacerbates this challenge.
To capitalize on the market opportunities and navigate these challenges effectively, companies must focus on developing innovative diagnostic tools and effective patient education programs. By addressing the unmet needs in diabetes diagnosis and management, market participants can differentiate themselves and capture a larger share of this growing market.

What will be the Size of the Type 2 Diabetes Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, driven by advancements in diabetes management, public health, and weight management. Pancreatic beta-cell destruction and the subsequent need for insulin therapy remain at the forefront of market dynamics. Diabetes burden is a significant concern, with diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy posing significant health risks. SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as a promising treatment option, addressing both glycemic control and cardiovascular disease. Healthcare access and access to care are crucial factors shaping the market. Global health initiatives and healthcare costs are influencing the development of diabetes technology, including insulin delivery devices, glucose sensors, and remote monitoring.

Precision medicine, data analytics, and machine learning are transforming diabetes education and patient engagement. Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and physical activity, remain essential components of diabetes management. Insulin resistance, insulin therapy, and HbA1c testing continue to be key areas of focus in the medical device industry. Ongoing research in areas like Genetic Testing, Stem Cell Therapy, and primary care physician engagement is further shaping the market. Health disparities, early detection, and glycemic control are critical public health concerns. Diabetes prevention and healthcare provider collaboration are essential to improving health outcomes. The market is continually unfolding, with ongoing drug development, clinical trials, and advancements in diabetes technology driving innovation.

How is this Type 2 Diabetes Industry segmented?

The type 2 diabetes industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Drug Class

  Insulin
  DPP-4 inhibitor
  GLP-1 receptor agonists
  SGLT-2 inhibitors
  Others


Distribution Channel

  Retail pharmacies
  Hospital pharmacies
  Online pharmacies


Delivery Mode

  Oral
  Injectable
  Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Rest of World (ROW)

.

By Drug Class Insights

The insulin segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Type 2 diabetes is a complex condition characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Metabolic syndrome, an autoimmune disease, and a precursor to type 2 diabetes, affects millions worldwide. The medical device industry is responding with innovative solutions, such as artificial pancreas systems and insulin delivery devices, to improve glycemic control and enhance quality of life. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are revolutionizing diabetes management by facilitating early detection, personalized treatment plans, and remote monitoring. Diabetes burden is significant, with complications including diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy.

Prevention and management involve lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and physical activity, as well as pharmacological interventions, including oral antidiabetic medications, insulin therapy, and newer classes like GLP-1 re

The size of the Diabetes Industry in India market was valued at USD XXX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 3.50% during the forecast period.A disease characterized by chronic high sugar blood levels is called diabetes, due either to deficiency or incapability of the body to function correctly regarding insulin production and utilization within this person's body. Serious conditions diabetes can cause include heart failure and stroke, renal failure or kidney failure, blindness due to the presence of damaged nerves in one's retina area.India has emerged as the world's diabetes capital, with millions of people suffering from this chronic condition. The growing prevalence of diabetes in India is mainly due to lifestyle-related factors such as urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy dietary habits. Consequently, the incidence of diabetes has led to a rapid expansion in the Indian diabetes market.The Indian diabetes industry includes a variety of products and services, including anti-diabetic drugs, insulin delivery devices, blood glucose monitoring systems, and other related medical devices.Multinational pharmaceutical companies have a market lead in offering various types of insulin and oral diabetes medications, though local players are becoming more and more important for the Indian diabetes market, particularly for the affordable generic drug category. Recent developments include: March 2023: Sanofi (India) has recently obtained marketing authorization from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) for its diabetes medication, Soliqua™. This pre-filled pen drug is specifically designed to enhance glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity who have not achieved sufficient control through oral or injectable therapies. Soliqua™ is administered once daily through pre-filled pens, containing a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide in two different ratios (10-40 and 30-60)., November 2022: AstraZeneca India gets approval to market the anti-diabetes drug Dapagliflozin. The company said it had received approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDCSCO) for the drug indicated for diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Geriatric Population and Changing Dietary Habits, High Prevalence of Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) and Chronic Constipation; Development of Latest Drugs and Treatment Procedures. Potential restraints include: Increasing Dependence on Majority of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs, Lack of Awareness and Reluctance Among Patients due to Adverse Effects of Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC) Drugs. Notable trends are: Oral-Anti Diabetes Drugs Segment is Having the Highest Market Share in the Current Year.

The India Diabetes Devices Market was valued at USD 1.2 Billion in 2024 and is anticipated to reach USD 2.8 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 11.2% from 2026 to 2032.

Key Market Drivers:

Rising Prevalence of Diabetes: India has one of the highest rates of diabetes globally, with an estimated 80 million people diagnosed. This number is projected to reach 92 million by 2027, highlighting the urgent need for effective diabetes management solutions, including monitoring and management devices.

Government Initiatives for Diabetes Management: The Indian government has implemented various programs to combat non-communicable diseases, including diabetes. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke aims to enhance awareness and accessibility of diabetes care devices, thereby driving market growth.

The report on India Diabetes Drugs covers a summarized study of several factors supporting market growth, such as market size, market type, major regions, and end-user applications. The report enables customers to recognize key drivers that influence and govern the market.

The India Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $185.40 million in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.93% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Rising prevalence of diabetes, particularly in India's large and increasingly urban population, fuels demand for advanced blood glucose management solutions. Increased awareness of the benefits of CGM, such as improved glycemic control and reduced hypoglycemic episodes, is also a significant driver. Furthermore, technological advancements leading to smaller, more user-friendly devices and improved data analytics capabilities contribute to market growth. The market is segmented into sensors and durables (receivers and transmitters), with sensors likely dominating due to higher consumption rates. Key players like Abbott Diabetes Care Inc, Dexcom Inc, and Medtronic PLC are vying for market share, spurring competition and innovation. However, high costs associated with CGM devices and limited insurance coverage remain significant restraints, particularly in a price-sensitive market like India. Government initiatives aimed at improving diabetes care and increasing healthcare accessibility will play a crucial role in shaping the future of this market. Growth is expected to be particularly strong in urban areas with better healthcare infrastructure and access to advanced technology. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued market expansion, propelled by factors such as increasing disposable incomes, improved healthcare infrastructure, and rising government investments in diabetes care programs. While challenges remain, particularly concerning affordability and accessibility, the overall trajectory points towards a significant expansion of the CGM market in India. The competitive landscape will likely see further consolidation as major players continue to invest in R&D and expand their market presence through strategic partnerships and distribution networks. Growth will be further influenced by the evolving regulatory landscape and the introduction of innovative CGM technologies, including integration with smart devices and advanced data analysis platforms. The focus on patient-centric care and personalized diabetes management will drive demand for CGM systems, positioning the market for substantial growth in the coming years. Recent developments include: February 2023: Dario Health Corp. announced an agreement with Dexcom to integrate its CGM, into Dario's multi-chronic condition platform. Dexcom CGM uses a small, wearable sensor to continuously measure and send glucose levels to a receiver or smart device, enabling people with diabetes to make real-time decisions about their health. This agreement enables the integration of data from Dexcom CGMs directly into Dario's metabolic solution, making it easy for people using the wearable device to benefit from Dario's highly personalized support., January 2022: Health-tech startup BlueSemi, launched Eyva, a non-invasive glucometer for diabetics that can provide results without any pricking or needles. Eyva is a health tech gadget that when placed on the surface of the skin, is capable of taking six biometric readings within just 60 seconds; blood glucose, temperature, ECG, heart rate, SpO2 for blood oxygen, and blood pressure.. Notable trends are: Sensors is having the highest market share in current year..

The global diabetes care devices market is expected to reach USD 64.5 billion in 2024. The sales are expected to grow even higher and will be estimated at USD 117.7 billion in 2034 due to the rising diabetes population. The diabetes care devices market is anticipated to record a CAGR of 6.2% between 2024 and 2034.

Attributes	Description
Estimated Global Diabetes Care Devices Market Size (2024E)	USD 64.5 billion
Projected Global Diabetes Care Devices Market Value (2034F)	USD 117.7 billion
Value-based CAGR (2024 to 2034)	6.2%

Semi-annual Industry Update

Particular	Value CAGR
H1	5.7% (2023 to 2033)
H2	5.2% (2023 to 2033)
H1	4.5% (2024 to 2034)
H2	4.2% (2024 to 2034)

Country-wise Insights

Countries	CAGR 2024 to 2034
India	8.8%
China	8.4%
South Korea	8.1%
Australia	6.7%
France	4.3%
United States	3.4%

Category-wise Insights

Segment	Glucose Monitoring Devices (Product Type)
Value Share (2024)	58.3%

Segment	Diabetes Type II (Indication)
Value Share (2024)	19.7%

India Diabetes Drugs And Devices Market size was valued at USD 2.1 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6.5 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 15.1% from 2026 to 2032.

Key Market Drivers:

Rising Prevalence of Diabetes: India's growing diabetes prevalence, affecting around 77 million people, is driving the growth of the diabetes drugs and devices market. This surge is primarily due to lifestyle changes, poor dietary habits, and sedentary habits. As a result, there is a higher demand for pharmaceutical treatments and medical devices to manage the disease, contributing to market growth.

Growing Healthcare Awareness and Government Initiatives: India's government is focusing on raising diabetes awareness through initiatives like the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke (NPCDCS).

Global Diabetes Care Devices market size was USD 10.26 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach USD 18.69 Billion by 2030. Diabetes Care Devices Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 8.76% from 2023 to 2030. Market Dynamics of the Diabetes Care Devices Market

Drivers of the diabetes care device market:

The demand for monitoring and treatment devices is being fuelled by an increase in diabetes prevalence worldwide

Diabetes is becoming more common everywhere, but notably in developing nations like China and India. The prevalence of diabetes is fast increasing, and this is due to a number of causes, including growing urbanisation and an increase in sedentary lifestyle, particularly in developing nations. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there were 425 million adult diabetics worldwide in 2017, and by 2045, that number is expected to reach 630 million. These studies suggest that between 55 and 60 percent of people worldwide have diabetes, with the majority living in China, India, United States, Brazil, and Mexico. Currently, China and India make up about half of the world's diabetic population.

Restraining Factor of the diabetic device care market:

Diabetes care devices tend to be quite expensive and challenging to use

The glucose testing machine is high in price and uncomfortable to use. Diabetes care devices outcomes are not always precise. Additionally, a few things prevent the market from growing. This includes uncomfortable sensor insertions on the body. Additionally, the diabetes care devices cause skin rashes, adhesion problems.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Diabetes Care Devices Market: COVID-19 increased the market growth for diabetic care equipment. This is due to the fact that patients with COVID-19 infections were seen to have elevated blood sugar levels. Due to the rising prevalence of diabetes and the expanding market, various firms have introduced innovative, cutting-edge diabetes care devices in the post-pandemic era. One of the biggest global health crises of the twenty-first century is diabetes. This illness, which can cause life-altering problems, is being lived with by an increasing number of people each year. In addition to more than millions adults with impaired glucose tolerance who are at a high risk of getting diabetes in the future, there are an estimated more than half of million adults with diabetes worldwide. With rising obesity rates, shifting food preferences, and an ageing population, diabetes incidence and prevalence are on the rise. Therefore, there is a sizable market potential in the global diabetes care devices & pharmaceuticals market given the enormous numbers of diabetics globally and the enormous financial implications connected with diabetes and linked subsequent health issues.