The northern state of Rajasthan reported the highest number of rape cases across India in 2022, at over *** thousand. Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, ranked second that year, while the union territory of Lakshadweep recorded the lowest number. Crime against women in India: a grim reality   2012’s gang rape and murder of a 22-year-old physiotherapy intern shook the country in what is now known as the Nirbhaya case. Literally translated from Hindi, Nirbhaya means fearless. Outcry in the form of protests and marches seized the country in the weeks following the incident. This took place in the country’s capital Delhi, ranking first among metropolitans for rape cases. Arguably, this was a turning point in conversations about crime and the status and treatment of women in India, forcing it to the forefront. Even so, Nirbhaya continues to be one of the many names given to refer to the other rape cases in the country since. Women’s safety in India   Despite public and private initiatives to ensure safety measures are being implemented, being a girl or woman is often seen as a disadvantage. From banning prenatal sex determination to encouraging girls to go to school and inclusion in the workforce, attempts are consistently being made to better how women are treated. Despite this, Indians live in a society that has deeply normalized all levels of crime against women, giving the responsibility of safety to the individual rather than the community.

In 2022, the total number of rape cases reported in India amounted to over 31 thousand. This was a slight decrease in rape cases compared to the previous year. Even though many rapes are not reported in the country, it is an issue that continuously makes news headlines, some leading to public protests. Although reports of rape have increased in recent years, it was still associated with shame for the victim, rather than the perpetrator. The justice system  A victim of rape in India not only experiences social stigmatization but what is more, her fight for justice is not made easy due to the system that often faults the victim for their misfortune. Instances have been reported where victims are confronted with hostile conditions at police stations and have been often pressured to withdraw their cases. However, once a case goes to trial, it can take decades before anything is resolved. Rape cases in particular, face huge backlog where the number of new cases supersede the number of cases disposed every year. The process is arduous and could add so much trauma to the victim’s life that they often buckle under pressure from family of their own or that of the perpetrator.  Women in India India is known to be one of the most dangerous countries in the world for women. Indian women are constantly in a state of high alert when alone on the streets, at work or in the markets. Due to India’s predominantly patriarchal nature, domestic violence is known to be culturally acceptable. Studies reveal that even a majority of working women suffer domestic abuse from their husbands. A non-earning woman’s position further exacerbates vulnerability and dependence on their male partner as opposed to a woman who contributors financially to the household. Rampant poverty across the country is the main driver for low literacy rates and consequently, disempowerment and abuse among women.

In 2021, about 28.8 out of every 100,000 women in India had experienced some degree of sexual crimes. Over the past few years, this number has increased except in 2020. Research showed that the country was one most dangerous in the world for women.

Coimbatore in the state of Tamil Nadu had the lowest number of rape victims in India in 2022 among major cities, with ***** reported cases. Whereas, Delhi had the highest number of reported rape cases, with over ************ victims.

Introduction

Crime statistics: Crime Statistics serve as a crucial tool for understanding and addressing criminal activities within a society. In India, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), established in 1986, is responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data across the country. This data collection aids in identifying trends, allocating resources, and formulating policies to combat crime effectively.

In 2024, India reported a crime rate of 445.9 incidents per 100,000 people, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.56% compared to the previous year. The most prevalent crimes included theft, robbery, and assault. Notably, rape cases increased by 1.1%, and kidnappings saw a surge of 5.1%.

Regional disparities were evident, with Uttar Pradesh recording the highest per capita crime rate at 7.4, followed by Arunachal Pradesh at 5.8, and Jharkhand at 5.3. Urban areas continued to experience higher crime rates compared to rural regions.

The NCRB employs a systematic approach to crime data analysis, encompassing five key steps: collection, categorization, analysis, dissemination, and evaluation. This methodology ensures that the data is not only accurate but also actionable, facilitating informed decision-making by law enforcement agencies and policymakers.

Understanding crime statistics is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance public safety and reduce criminal activities across the nation.

These numbers don't tell the whole story, but they give us a good starting point to understand what's happening in our communities. They can be used as tools to help criminal justice professionals anticipate increased risk of crime.

Data in table tells us about the year-wise Number of persons arrested under various crime of Indian Penal Code (IPC) Crimes by gender. The categories mentioned here are- Burglary, Cheating, Counterfeiting, Criminal Breach of Trust, Culpable Homicide not amounting to murder, Dacoity, Kidnapping and Abduction, Murder, Other IPC Crimes, Rape, Riots, Robbery, Theft and Total Cognizable Crimes from all Indian States and UTs from 2009-2015. Data is available for both the genders- male and female.

Note: Data pertaining to erstwhile Andhra Pradesh has been bifurcated since 2014 between Andhra Pradesh and newly created Telangana state.

A survey conducted among global experts about the factors that make a country unsafe found India the most dangerous country for women in 2018, based on rankings. India ranked number one in the culture and religion, sexual violence and human trafficking categories. The country was perceived as most dangerous for women in terms of cultural, tribal and religious traditions or customary practices, in addition to the sexual violence. The latter included rape and forced labor, marriage and/or sexual slavery.

Violence against women The majority of women in India, regardless of age group, do not feel safe being alone. Be it on the streets, in the markets or supermarkets or even at work or home. Going out alone after dark is usually ridden with fear of being sexually harassed or raped. In 2018, over 33 thousand rape cases were reported in India, while approximately one-third of all women in India claim to have experienced some form of sexual crime.

Marriage and women’s empowerment

The third millennium development goal, set to be fulfilled by 2015, was to ensure gender equality and empower women. Figures show, however, that this was far from fulfilled. The position of a woman in Indian society is determined by her marital status. If she is married, she is considered secure, settled and complete in society. For this reason, marriage below the legal in many social groups is not uncommon.

Studies suggest that the general perception relative to equal rights for women in India is considered to be an issue that has been overstated, or considered unreasonable due to cultural biases and myopic views. Empowerment studies indicate that the only weapon to counter sexual and gender discrimination is education.

According to a global study conducted between 2020 and 2022, a total of 13.1 million pieces of website content were reported in India in the measured period for containing Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). Around seven million pieces of such content were reported in the Philippines, while 5.3 million were reported in Pakistan.

In 2022, there were over ** thousand female victims of rape reported across India. Women between the ages of 18 and 30 years were the major victims of rape, with over ** thousand victims that year in India.

Forecast: Import of Rape, Colza and Mustard Oil to India 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2017, approx. X tons of rape or colza seed oilcake were imported into India; declining by -X% against the previous year. Overall, imports of rape or colza seed oilcake continue to indicate a deep shrinkage. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2011, when the imports increased by X% against the previous year. In that year, the imports of rape or colza seed oilcake reached its maximum volume of X tons.

In 2022, children constituted the highest share of victims involved in cases where death sentences were imposed for crimes of sexual offences in India, amounting to **. There had been an upward spike in imposing capital punishment for crimes of this nature in recent years following the public outrage that spread across the south Asian nation on account of the brutal gangrape and murder of a female victim in the nation's capital city of Delhi in 2012. The various sessions courts of India handed out more than *** death sentences in that year.

Domestic abuse or cruelty by husband and/or relatives was the highest reported crime against women across India in 2022. Kidnapping and abduction ranked second that year, with over ** thousand cases filed. Rape, which makes headlines regularly in the country recorded over ** thousand. This was from a total of over *** thousand cases of crime reported against women that year.

Forecast: Import of Crude Canola, Rape, Colza or Mustard Oil to India 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

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The number of rape and sexual assault cases reported to the police in Germany peaked at ****** in 2024 during the period shown here. Previously, the highest number of cases, ******, had been recorded the year before. Based on the definition in criminal law, sexual assault includes rape, as well as other sexually driven physical attacks. Rape is defined as forcing a person to have sex. Increased crime clearance rate The question remains how high the number of unreported cases is. Reasons for not reporting a sexual assault vary among victims. In recent years, the German police reported increasing clearance rates for sexual crimes. In 2022, **** percent of rape and sexual assault cases were solved, compared to **** percent in 2016. In 2023, however this figure dropped to **** percent, perhaps due to the increase in the number of cases. Among males suspected of committing such crimes, over ** percent were young adults aged 18 to 21 years. Types of German police forces German police forces are divided into several different types, which all have clearly established tasks regulated by law. The Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt, BKA) is often compared to the FBI in the U.S. and investigates federal crimes, such as kidnapping. The Federal Police (Bundespolizei), works in railway stations, at airports, and seaports. They also protect borders, government buildings, and deal with organized crime and terrorism. The criminal police (Kriminalpolizei, Kripo), the only policemen not wearing in uniform in Germany, handle assault, murder, and rape cases, as well as theft. The uniformed police (Schutzpolizei, SchuPo), or beat police, are regularly visible in streets, as they are responsible for traffic safety, among other tasks, and may be approached directly by people in need of assistance or help.

There were over 3.4 thousand cases of cyber crime related to sexual harassment or exploitation reported across India in 2022. This was a stark jump in the number of such cyber crimes in the country compared to the year 2016 and 2017. Although the crime rate had indeed gone up in the country from 2018 to 2020, the Indian government's efforts to establish new mechanisms to tackle cyber crime, along with more awareness among people were some of the factors causing such a big spike in reported cases of cyber crimes.

In 2022, the state of Telangana in India had the highest number of reported cybercrimes compared to the rest of the country, with over ****** cases registered with the authorities. The country recorded over ****** cases of cybercrime that year, marking a significant increase compared to about ****** cases in 2016. Cybercrime in India The growing digital economy has created new opportunities for cybercriminals by introducing higher complexity or widening the scope of digital aspects in our daily lives. India is no exception, for example, the number of people arrested and charged for cybercrime across India in 2021 showed a wide spectrum of criminal charges including but not limited to blackmailing, forgery, sexual exploitation, or counterfeiting. Studies also indicated small businesses to be likely targets of such crimes. Combating cybercrime The country led in the encounter rate of cybercrimes, with **************** internet users reporting having experienced a cybercrime, compared to the world average of about four out of ten internet users in 2022. As the government pushes for a digital India, cybersecurity has become the need of the hour. Special initiatives such as the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre, which helps to coordinate the efforts in combating cybercrime, as well as initiatives to raise public awareness and build institutional capacity to cope with it, have been funded by the government.

In 2020, there were close to *** thousand boys who were victims of human trafficking in India. Meanwhile, the number of girl victims of human trafficking across the country was smaller, with *** during the same time period.

Sexual exploitation of minors in India

India, with its complex hierarchical social system, is known to be predominantly patriarchal. It is therefore not uncommon, that existing gender norms favor and empower male members of society rather than it’s female ones. Studies indicate that girls from lower castes and those belonging to the lower end of the socio-economic strata are most vulnerable to sexual exploitation. This is largely a consequence of child, early, and forced marriage. In a patriarchal society, the perceived gender norm for males is typically the expectation of “being strong”, which may often discourage young male victims of sexual abuse from seeking help. This is also known to fuel stigmatization which could further exacerbate instances of sexual violence going unreported.

Education for children in India

For a developing country like India, primary education is a crucial first step toward alleviating poverty, reducing crime and violence against children, and improving the lives of many in the present and future. Studies reflect a positive correlation between the level of education of a person and their standard of living. Despite significant strides having been made in this sector with government initiatives such as Sarva Shikshan Abhiyan or universal elementary education, less than ** percent of all school-eligible children do not have access to elementary education.

In 2022, the highest amount of compensation in India was awarded to women who were victims of sexual offences, valuing to around ****** million Indian rupees. Comparatively, around **** million Indian rupees was awarded as compensation to women who were victims of acid attack.