At the end of 2022, the Gini coefficient of wealth in India stood at ****. This was a slight increase from previous years. The trend since 2000 shows rising inequalities among the Indian population. What is Gini coefficient of wealth? The Gini coefficient is a measure of wealth inequality. The coefficient of the Gini index ranges from 0 to 1 with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality. Wealth and income distribution and inequality can however vary greatly. In 2023, South Africa topped the list of the most unequal countries in the world in terms of income inequality. Why do economic inequalities persist in India? By the end of 2022, the richest citizens in the country owned more than ** percent of the country’s wealth. Asia’s two richest men Mukesh Ambani and Gautam Adani are Indians. The number of high-net-worth individuals has continuously increased over the last decades. While millions of people escaped poverty in the country in the last few years, the wealth distribution between rich and poor remains skewed. Crony capitalism and the accumulation of wealth through inheritance are some of the factors behind this widening gap.

In 2021, the Gini coefficient for India stood at ****. The Gini coefficient, or the Gini index, measures the inequality of income distribution, whereas a higher value closer to one (or 100 percent) represent greater inequality.

The Gini index quantifies the degree of inequality in the distribution of income (or sometimes consumption) among individuals or households within an economy. It compares the actual income distribution to a perfectly equal one. This is visualized through the Lorenz curve, which charts the cumulative share of total income against the cumulative share of recipients, starting from the poorest. The Gini index is derived from the area between the Lorenz curve and the line representing absolute equality, measured as a percentage of the total area beneath that line. A Gini index of 0 indicates perfect equality, while 100 signifies complete inequality.

Graph and download economic data for GINI Index for India (SIPOVGINIIND) from 1977 to 2022 about gini, India, and indexes.

In 2011, the Gini coefficient in rural India stood at 31.1, while urban India reached a higher score of 39. The Gini coefficient, or the Gini index, measures the inequality of income distribution, whereas a higher value closer to one (or 100 percent) represent greater inequality.

Comparing the *** selected regions regarding the gini index , South Africa is leading the ranking (**** points) and is followed by Namibia with **** points. At the other end of the spectrum is Slovakia with **** points, indicating a difference of *** points to South Africa. The Gini coefficient here measures the degree of income inequality on a scale from * (=total equality of incomes) to *** (=total inequality).The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in more than *** countries and regions worldwide. All input data are sourced from international institutions, national statistical offices, and trade associations. All data has been are processed to generate comparable datasets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

South Africa had the highest inequality in income distribution in 2024, with a Gini score of **. Its South African neighbor, Namibia, followed in second. The Gini coefficient measures the deviation of income (or consumption) distribution among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, and a value of 100 represents absolute inequality. All the 20 most unequal countries in the world were either located in Africa or Latin America & The Caribbean.

The average for 2021 based on 5 countries was 36.92 index points. The highest value was in Malaysia: 40.7 index points and the lowest value was in India: 32.8 index points. The indicator is available from 1963 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countriesOn average – and taking into account population size – income inequality increased by 11% in developing countries between 1990 and 2010.A significant majority of households in developing countries – more than 75% – are living today in societies where income is more unequally distributed than it was in the 1990s.Children in the poorest 20% of the population are still up to three times more likely to die before their fifth birthday than children in the richest quintiles.Social protection has been significantly extended globally, yet persons with disabilities are up to five times more likely than average to incur catastrophic health expenditures.Despite overall declines in maternal mortality in the majority of developing countries, women in rural areas are still up to three times more likely to die while giving birth than women living in urban centres.The Gini Coefficient of income inequality for India has risen from 33.4% in 2004 to 33.6% in 2011.This map layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers, If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

Inde: Gini income inequality index: Pour cet indicateur, La Banque mondiale fournit des données pour la Inde de 1977 à 2021. La valeur moyenne pour Inde pendant cette période était de 33.84 index points avec un minimum de 31.6 index points en 1993 et un maximum de 35.9 index points en 2017.

These datasets form the basis of an empirical inquiry into whether income inequality belongs in a macro model of voter turnout. Time series modeling suggests that the Gini coefficient enters nonlinearly in Canada and this finding is confirmed in a panel data model of Indian states.

Wage Inequality (based on Gini coefficient) among women in India (and regions): 2004-05 and 2011-12.

As of 2022, the top 10 percent Indian population group in terms of pre-tax income was estimated to hold over ** percent of total income in India, whereas the bottom ** percent group only made up just over ** percent of total income. This reflected an even greater income gap compared to 2000.

BackgroundSince the implementation of various maternal health programs, Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) has significantly declined in India through improvements in maternal health services. However, inequality persists at the regional and socio-economic levels. In light of this, the present study aims to assess the existing regional disparities in utilising various government initiatives for safe motherhood in India.MethodsNational-level datasets such as National Family and Health Surveys (NFHS-3 (2005–06); NFHS-4 (2015–16) and NFHS-5(2019–21); Health Management Information System (HMIS), 2019–20; Sample Registrar System (SRS), 2001–2018) were used in the study. In addition, composite Index and inequality measures (Range, Ratio, and Gini) were calculated to examine inequality. At the same time, the Pearson correlation was used to investigate the correlation between various components of maternal health services and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR).ResultsThe composite index score (0.65) reflects that India is still far behind the targets of the utilisation of maternal health care services. Within the utilisation of services, the Gini coefficient reveals that the least inequality was recorded in skilled birth assistance deliveries (0.03) and institutional deliveries (0.04). In contrast, the highest inequality was recorded in receiving Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) Tablets for 100 days (0.19) and four Antenatal Care (ANC) visits (0.13) among selected states. Based on the composite score for maternal health utilisation, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Delhi were amongst the best performers, whereas Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam were amongst the worst performers.ConclusionThis indicates that the government’s single-minded focus on enhancing institutional deliveries and skilled health-assisted deliveries has detracted from other essential interventions related to maternal health. Therefore, the states with the utilisation of maternal services need to initiate immediate action to increase the ANC and Post-natal Care (PNC utilisation with more attention towards better implementation of existing ANC programmes by the government.

(Authors generated the estimate employing the SRS Data [29, 42]).

(Authors generated the estimate employing the NFHS Data [27, 28]).

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) (number of maternal deaths per 1000,000 live birth) [2].

In 2024, the gross domestic product (GDP) of China amounted to around 18.7 trillion U.S. dollars. In comparison to the GDP of the other BRIC countries India, Russia and Brazil, China came first that year and second in the world GDP ranking. The stagnation of China's GDP in U.S. dollar terms in 2022 and 2023 was mainly due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. China's real GDP growth was 3.1 percent in 2022 and 5.4 percent in 2023. In 2024, per capita GDP in China reached around 13,300 U.S. dollars. Economic performance in China Gross domestic product (GDP) is a primary economic indicator. It measures the total value of all goods and services produced in an economy over a certain time period. China's economy used to grow quickly in the past, but the growth rate of China’s real GDP gradually slowed down in recent years, and year-on-year GDP growth is forecasted to range at only around four percent in the years after 2024. Since 2010, China has been the world’s second-largest economy, surpassing Japan.China’s emergence in the world’s economy has a lot to do with its status as the ‘world’s factory’. Since 2013, China is the largest export country in the world. Some argue that it is partly due to the undervalued Chinese currency. The Big Mac Index, a simplified and informal way to measure the purchasing power parity between different currencies, indicates that the Chinese currency yuan was roughly undervalued by 38 percent in 2024. GDP development Although the impressive economic development in China has led millions of people out of poverty, China is still not in the league of industrialized countries on the per capita basis. To name one example, the U.S. per capita economic output was more than six times as large as in China in 2024. Meanwhile, the Chinese society faces increased income disparities. The Gini coefficient of China, a widely used indicator of economic inequality, has been larger than 0.45 over the last decade, whereas 0.40 is the warning level for social unrest.

Maternal health service by rural-urban (in %) [28].

(Authors generated the estimate employing the NFHS and SRS Data([28, 29, 42]).