In 2023, 43.51 percent of the workforce in India were employed in agriculture, while the other half was almost evenly distributed among the two other sectors, industry and services. While the share of Indians working in agriculture is declining, it is still the main sector of employment. A BRIC powerhouseTogether with Brazil, Russia, and China, India makes up the four so-called BRIC countries. They are the four fastest-growing emerging countries dubbed BRIC, an acronym, by Jim O’Neill at Goldman Sachs. Being major economies themselves already, these four countries are said to be at a similar economic developmental stage -- on the verge of becoming industrialized countries -- and maybe even dominating the global economy. Together, they are already larger than the rest of the world when it comes to GDP and simple population figures. Among these four, India is ranked second across almost all key indicators, right behind China. Services on the riseWhile most of the Indian workforce is still employed in the agricultural sector, it is the services sector that generates most of the country’s GDP. In fact, when looking at GDP distribution across economic sectors, agriculture lags behind with a mere 15 percent contribution. Some of the leading services industries are telecommunications, software, textiles, and chemicals, and production only seems to increase – currently, the GDP in India is growing, as is employment.

India's agriculture sector was the leading industry in terms of employment in the financial year 2023 with the number of employees tallying over *** million. Meanwhile, the mining industry recorded almost *** million employees. The services sector is the next big sector in India after agriculture. Challenges facing the agriculture sector Agriculture is the mainstay of India’s workforce. It employs over 42 percent of India’s population. However, it is the lowest contributor to the country’s GDP when compared to other major sectors. Despite being one of the largest producers of crops in the world, agricultural productivity remains low. Key issues impacting productivity include the decreasing size of landholdings, dependence on monsoons, inadequate access to irrigation, lack of access to credit and finance for marginal farmers, inadequate agricultural infrastructure, vulnerability to market volatility, and climate change, among others. Service sector: Key GDP contributor The service sector contributes a lion’s share to India’s GDP. Driven by investments and a skilled workforce, India has now positioned itself on the global stage for services. Information technology, financial services, and communications are the key performing subsectors within the service industry. However, the rising labor productivity in the sector has reduced the demand for labor. This gap in output and employment parallels the disproportionately larger share of the service sector in GDP than employment.

India IN: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Basic Price: Industry (including Construction) data was reported at 892.981 USD bn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 847.894 USD bn for 2023. India IN: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Basic Price: Industry (including Construction) data is updated yearly, averaging 80.393 USD bn from Mar 1961 (Median) to 2024, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 892.981 USD bn in 2024 and a record low of 7.715 USD bn in 1961. India IN: GDP: USD: Gross Value Added at Basic Price: Industry (including Construction) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. Industry (including construction) corresponds to ISIC divisions 05-43 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 10-33). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 4. Data are in current U.S. dollars.;World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.;Gap-filled total;Note: Data for OECD countries are based on ISIC, revision 4.

Abstract

Introduction

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is one of the large-scale sample survey conducted by Field Operation Division of National Sample Survey Office for more than three decades with the objective of collecting comprehensive information related to registered factories on annual basis. ASI is the primary source of data for facilitating systematic study of the structure of industries, analysis of various factors influencing industries in the country and creating a database for formulation of industrial policy.

The main objectives of the Annual Survey of Industries are briefly as follows:

(a) Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing industries as a whole and of each unit to national income.

(b) Systematic study of the structure of industry as a whole and of each type of industry and each unit.

(c) Casual analysis of the various factors influencing industry in the country: and

(d) Provision of comprehensive, factual and systematic basis for the formulation of policy.

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess changes in the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The Survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 1953, and the Rules framed there-under in 1959, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964.

Geographic coverage

The ASI is the principal source of industrial statistics in India and extends to the entire country except Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram & Sikkim and the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. It covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Establishments under the control of the Defence Ministry,oil storage and distribution units, restaurants and cafes and technical training institutions not producing anything for sale or exchange were kept outside the coverage of the ASI.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Procedure

The sampling design followed in ASI 1998-99 is a Circular Systematic one. All the factories in the updated frame (universe) are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Census Sector: Census Sector is defined as follows:

a) All the complete enumeration States namely, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. b) For the rest of the States/ UT's., (i) units having 200 or more workers, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns.

Rest of the factories found in the frame constituted Sample sector on which sampling was done. Factories under Biri & Cigar sector were not considered uniformly under census sector. Factories under this sector were treated for inclusion in census sector as per definition above (i.e., more than 200 workers and/or joint returns). After identifying Census sector factories, rest of the factories were arranged in ascending order of States, NIC-98 (4 digit), number of workers and district and properly numbered. The Sampling was taken within each stratum (State X Sector X 4-digit NIC) with a minimum of 8 samples in each stratum in the form of 2 sub-samples. For the first time, all electricity undertakings other than captive units, Government Departmental undertakings such as Railway Workshops, P & T workshops etc. were kept out of coverage of ASI.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from sample design in ASI 1998-99.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Pre-data entry scrutiny was carried out on the schedules for inter and intra block consistency checks. Such editing was mostly manual, although some editing was automatic. But, for major inconsistencies, the schedules were referred back to NSSO (FOD) for clarifications/modifications.

The final unit level data of ASI 98-99 is available now in electronic media. This document describes additional information regarding ASI 98-99 data from the point of data processing. Users of ASI 98-99 data are requested to read this document carefully before they attempt to process the unit level data for their own purpose. They are also requested to refer to the schedule and the instruction manual for filling up the schedule before interpreting contents of various data fields. A. Contents The CD (or any other media) should contain the following files: ASI99.TXT This file contains unit level detail data of ASI 98-99 as per structure given in ANNEXURE- Total no. of records: 104740 XASI98.TXT (Metadata created from this .TXT file) This file contains unit level detail data of ASI 97-98 for those factories which were found not responding during the survey of ASI 98-99. The record layout is already available with the Computer Centre, New Delhi. Record Length: 135 Total no. of records: 6974 README.DOC This file.

B. Tabulation procedure The tabulation procedure by CSO(ISW) includes both the ASI 98-99 data and the extracted data from ASI 97-98 for all tabulation purpose. To make results comparable, users are requested to follow the same procedure. For calculation of various parameters, users are requested to refer instruction manual/report for the respective years. Please note that a separate inflation factor (Multiplier) is available for each factory against records belonging to Block-A ,pos:38-46 (Please refer ANNEXURE-I) for ASI 98-99 data. Since the data extracted from ASI 97-98 belong to Census Sector no such inflation (Multiplier) factor is required. Industry code as per Return(5-digit level of NIC-98) Industry code as reported by the factories in Block-A, Item 1 has been further codified because of the following two policies practiced at CSO(ISW). Tabulation policy: As per the latest tabulation policy, it has been decided to publish detail information regarding factories belonging to 01 to 37 of industry codes( 2-digit, NIC-98). Factories belonging to other industry groups would be clubbed together and to be published under 'Others'. Accordingly all industry codes other than 01 to 37 were replaced with a 5-digited code 'YYYYY'. Merging and suppression of identity: To suppress the identity of factories, less frequent industry codes were modified accordingly. Example: if a reported industry code is found as 2930Z, this is to be treated as 'other merged industry code under industry group 2930 (4-digit NIC'98)'. Similarly if the reported industry code is found as 293ZZ, the same as to be treated as 'other merged industry code under industry group 293 (3-digit NIC'98)' and so on.

FIXED ASSETS (Block-C) Columnwise relationship (please refer schedule) may not hold true for data in this block. This is because of the lack of information available from the factory owners. E. EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST (Block-E) It has been found that a larger number of factory owners were unable to provide detailed break-up of information regarding provident fund (Block-E, Col.7). Instead they provide total provident fund as a whole for all employees (Block-E, Srl. No. 7, Col.7). Users are requested to use Srl.9, Col.7 for information on provident fund. The total of srl.6 to 8 for Col.7 may not tally with srl.9, col.7. F. ASICC codes in Block H, I & J Because of the proximity of various item's description, it is possible that same ASICC code may appear against multiple records in these blocks. They should not be treated as duplicates. They are clubbed together at the time of tabulation to provide information at ASICC level. G. Record Identification Key Record identification key for each factory is Despatch Serial No. (DSL, pos: 4-8) X Block code (Blk, pos: 3). Please refer ANNEXURE-I for item level identification key for each factory.

Sampling error estimates

Relative Standard Error (RSE) is calculated in terms of worker, wages to worker and GVA using the formula (Pl ease refer to Estimation Procedure document in external resources). Programs developed in Visual Faxpro are used to compute the RSE of estimates.

Data appraisal

To check for consistency and reliability of data the same are compared with the NIC-2digit level growth rate at all India Index of Production (IIP) and the growth rates obtained from the National Accounts Statistics at current and constant prices for the registered manufacturing sector.

Abstract

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess changes in the growth, composition and structure of organised manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. Industrial sector occupies an important position in the State economy and has a pivotal role to play in the rapid and balanced economic development. The Survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 1953, and the Rules framed there-under in 1959, except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the State Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and the rules framed there-under in 1964.

Geographic coverage

Coverage of the Annual Survey of Industries extends to the entire Factory Sector, comprising industrial units (called factories) registered under section 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act.1948, wherein a "Factory", which is the primary statistical unit of enumeration for the ASI is defined as:- "Any premises" including the precincts thereof:- (i) wherein ten or more workers are working or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of power or is ordinarily so carried on, or (ii) wherein twenty or more workers are working or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid of power. In addition to section 2(m)(i) & 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, electricity units registered with the Central Electricity Authority and Bidi & Cigar units, registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act,1966 are also covered in ASI.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948. Establishments under the control of the Defence Ministry,oil storage and distribution units, restaurants and cafes and technical training institutions not producing anything for sale or exchange were kept outside the coverage of the ASI.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

All the factories in the updated frame (universe) are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Census Sector: Census Sector is defined as follows:

a) All industrial units belonging to the 12 less industrially developed states/ UT's viz. Goa, Himachal Pradesh, J & K, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & diu and Pondicherry were completely enumerated every year along with census units.

b) For the rest of the states/ UT's., (i) units having 50 or more workers and using power or 100 or more workers without using power and all electricity undertakings. (ii) all the industry groups for which the total number of units did not exceed 50 at all-India level

c) Remaining units, excluding those of Census Sector, called the sample sector, was covered in two consecutive years (50% samples in alternate years). The sampling strategy was stratified uni-stage with State X NIC 3 digit as stratum. The strata were formed by grouping factories within each State/UT by the industry group at the ultimate digit level of NIC. Thus in each state, each indutry group constitutes a stratum. Within each stratum the districts were first arranged in ascending order of district codes and within each district the factories were then listed in descending order of their employment size. The factories within each stratum having been arranged in the above manner were allotted a running serial number. Factories with odd serial numbers were surveyd in the first year and those with even numbers in the second year of a cycle of two years.

The sampling strategy was stratified unistage with state X NIC 3 digit as stratum.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from sample design in ASI 1978-79

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries 1978-79 Questionnaire is divided into different blocks : (However only Summarised data is available for processing and analysis). Therefore, there is only one merged data file for ASI Summary 1978-79. Record Layout of the merged file is provided.

Cleaning operations

Pre-data entry scrutiny was carried out on the schedules for inter and intra block consistency checks. Such editing was mostly manual, although some editing was automatic. But, for major inconsistencies, the schedules were referred back to NSSO (FOD) for clarifications/modifications.

Code list, State code list and NIC 70 code list may be refered in the External Resources which are used for editing and data processing as well..

Sampling error estimates

Relative Standard Error (RSE) is calculated in terms of worker, wages to worker and GVA using the formula. Programs developed in Visual Foxpro are used to compute the RSE of estimates.

Data appraisal

To check for consistency and reliability of data the same are compared with the NIC-2 digit level growth rate at all India Index of Production (IIP) and the growth rates obtained from the National Accounts Statistics at current and constant prices for the registered manufacturing sector.

India Basic Metals: Annual Survey of Industry: Percentage of Total Manufacturing Industry: Employment data was reported at 6.600 % in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.600 % for 2016. India Basic Metals: Annual Survey of Industry: Percentage of Total Manufacturing Industry: Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 7.600 % from Mar 2009 (Median) to 2017, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.100 % in 2012 and a record low of 6.600 % in 2017. India Basic Metals: Annual Survey of Industry: Percentage of Total Manufacturing Industry: Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Metal and Steel Sector – Table IN.WAG003: Basic Metals: Overview of Annual Survey Industry.

The Indian manufacturing sector, valued at $310.30 million in 2025, is poised for robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.11% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Government initiatives promoting "Make in India" are attracting significant foreign direct investment and stimulating domestic production. Rising disposable incomes and a burgeoning middle class are driving increased demand for consumer goods, particularly in the automotive, consumer electronics, and food and beverage sectors. Furthermore, India's strategic location and relatively low labor costs compared to other manufacturing hubs make it an increasingly attractive destination for global manufacturers. The sector is segmented by ownership (public, private, joint, cooperative), raw materials used (agro-based, mineral-based), and end-user industries (automotive, manufacturing, textile, consumer electronics, construction, food & beverage, others). Leading players such as Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Hindustan Unilever, and others contribute significantly to the market's dynamism. However, challenges remain, including infrastructure bottlenecks, skill gaps in the workforce, and navigating complex regulatory environments. Overcoming these hurdles will be crucial to fully realizing the sector's growth potential. Despite challenges, the forecast for the Indian manufacturing sector is optimistic. Continued growth in key end-user industries like automotive and consumer electronics, coupled with government support for infrastructure development and skill enhancement programs, will likely accelerate the market expansion. The diversification of the manufacturing base beyond traditional sectors, embracing technological advancements, and focusing on sustainable practices will play a critical role in the sector’s long-term success. The presence of established multinational corporations alongside a vibrant domestic industry ensures a competitive and dynamic marketplace, positioning India as a significant manufacturing powerhouse in the coming years. Recent developments include: January 2023: Sundram Fasteners, an auto component manufacturer, won the biggest EV contract in its 60-year history. The Chennai-based company was awarded a USD 250 million contract by a leading global automobile manufacturer to supply sub-assemblies for its electric vehicle (EV) platform. The company estimates an annual sales peak of USD 52 million in 2026 with a supply of 1.5 million drive unit sub-assemblies per annum.January 2023: Tata Motors (an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company) announced plans to set up plants in India and Europe to produce battery cells for electric vehicles. The company dominates the country's EV market, with total sales of 50,000 electric cars to date. It outlined plans to launch 10 electric models by March 2026.. Key drivers for this market are: The government has introduced several initiatives under the banner of "Make in India", India boasts a sizable pool of skilled labor, facilitating the establishment of manufacturing facilities for companies in various sectors. Potential restraints include: The government has introduced several initiatives under the banner of "Make in India", India boasts a sizable pool of skilled labor, facilitating the establishment of manufacturing facilities for companies in various sectors. Notable trends are: Growing Government Spending is Expected to Boost the Market’s Growth.

India DIPP: IPI: 1993-94=100: Basic Metal and Alloy Industries: C.I. Castings data was reported at 311.420 1993-1994=100 in Mar 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 291.970 1993-1994=100 for Feb 2011. India DIPP: IPI: 1993-94=100: Basic Metal and Alloy Industries: C.I. Castings data is updated monthly, averaging 235.940 1993-1994=100 from Apr 2004 (Median) to Mar 2011, with 84 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 312.570 1993-1994=100 in Dec 2010 and a record low of 145.370 1993-1994=100 in Mar 2005. India DIPP: IPI: 1993-94=100: Basic Metal and Alloy Industries: C.I. Castings data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Mining and Manufacturing Sector – Table IN.BAA016: Industrial Production Index: 1993-94=100: Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. Rebased from 1993-1994 base to 2004-2005 base. Replacement series ID: 285480402

Abstract

Introduction

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in the growth, composition and structure of organized manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The survey has so far been conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 1953 and the rules framed there-under in 1959 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964. From ASI 2010-11 onwards, the survey is to be conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 2008 and the rules framed there-under in 2011except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is to be conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends its coverage to the entire country upto state level.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The present sampling design has been adopted from ASI 2007-08. All the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

For ASI 2007-2008, the Census Sector has been defined as follows:
a) All industrial units belonging to the five less industrially developed states/ UT's viz. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

b) For the rest of the twenty-six states/ UT's., (i) units having 100 or more workers, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns.

c) After excluding the Census Sector units as defined above, all units belonging to the strata (State by 4-digit of NIC-08) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered as Census Sector units. Sample Sector: From the remaining units excluding those of Census Sector, called the sample sector, samples are drawn circular systematically considering sampling fraction of 20% within each stratum (State X Sector X 4-digit NIC) for all the states. An even number of units with a minimum of 4 are selected and evenly distributed in two sub-samples. The sectors considered here are Biri, Manufacturing and Electricity.

Selection of State Samples: After selecting the central sample in the way mentioned above, the remaining units in the sample sector are treated as residual frame for selection of sample units for the States/UTs. Note that for the purpose of selecting samples from the residual frame for the State/UTs, stratification is done afresh by grouping units belonging to District X 3- digit NIC for each state to form strata. The sample units are then drawn circular systematically from each stratum. The basic purpose of introducing the residual sample was to increase the sample size for the sample sector of the states so as to get more reliable estimates at district level. Validated state-wise unit-level data of the central sample are also sent to the states for pooling this data with their surveyed data to get a combined estimate at the sub-state level.

Sampling deviation

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The present sampling design has been adopted from ASI 2007-08. All the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Mode of data collection

Statutory return submitted by factories as well as Face to Face

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK A.IDENTIFICATION BLOCK - This block has been designed to collect the descriptive identification of the sample enterprise. The items are mostly self-explanatory.

BLOCK B. TO BE FILLED BY OWNER OF THE FACTORY - This block has been designed to collect the particulars of the sample enterprise. This point onwards, all the facts and figures in this return are to be filled in by owner of the factory.

BLOCK C: FIXED ASSETS - Fixed assets are of a permanent nature having a productive life of more than one year, which is meant for earning revenue directly or indirectly and not for the purpose of sale in ordinary course of business. They include assets used for production, transportation, living or recreational facilities, hospital, school, etc. Intangible fixed assets like goodwill, preliminary expenses including drawing and design etc are excluded for the purpose of ASI. The fixed assets have, at the start of their functions, a definite value, which decreases with wear and tear. The original cost less depreciation indicates that part of value of fixed assets, which has not yet been transferred to the output. This value is called the residual value. The value of a fixed asset, which has completed its theoretical working life should always be recorded as Re.1/-. The revalued value is considered now. But depreciation will be taken on original cost and not on revalued cost.

BLOCK D: WORKING CAPITAL & LOANS - Working capital represents the excess of total current assets over total current liabilities.

BLOCK E : EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST - Particulars in this block should relate to all persons who work in and for the establishment including working proprietors and active business partners and unpaid family workers. However, Directors of incorporated enterprises who are paid solely for their attendance at meeting of the Board of Directors are to be excluded.

BLOCK F : OTHER EXPENSES - This block includes the cost of other inputs as both the industrial and nonindustrial service rendered by others, which are paid by the factory and most of which are reflected in the ex-factory value of its production during the accounting year.

BLOCK G : OTHER INCOMES - In this block, information on other output/receipts is to be reported.

BLOCK H: INPUT ITEMS (indigenous items consumed) - This block covers all those goods (raw materials, components, chemicals, packing material, etc.), which entered into the production process of the factory during the accounting year. Any material used in the production of fixed assets (including construction work) for the factory's own use should also be included. All intermediate products consumed during the year are to be excluded. Intermediate products are those, which are produced by the factory but are, subjected to further manufacture. For example, in a cotton textile mill, yarn is produced from raw cotton and the same yarn is again used for manufacture of cloth. An intermediate product may also be a final product in the same factory. For example, if the yarn produced by the factory is sold as yarn, it becomes a final product and not an intermediate product. If however, a part of the yarn produced by a factory is consumed by it for manufacture of cloth, that part of the yarn so used will be an intermediate product.

BLOCK I: INPUT ITEMS – directly imported items only (consumed) - Information in this block is to be reported for all imported items consumed. The items are to be imported by the factory directly or otherwise. The instructions for filling up of this block are same as those for Block H. All imported goods irrespective of whether they are imported directly by the unit or not, should be recorded in Block I. Moreover, any imported item, irrespective of whether it is a basic item for manufacturing or not, should be recorded in Block I. Hence 'consumable stores' or 'packing items', if imported, should be recorded in Block I and not in Block H.

BLOCK J: PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS (manufactured by the unit) - In this block information like quantity manufactured, quantity sold, gross sale value, excise duty, sales tax paid and other distributive expenses, per unit net sale value and ex-factory value of output will be furnished by the factory item by item. If the distributive expenses are not available product-wise, the details may be given on the basis of reasonable estimation.

Cleaning operations

Data submitted by the factories undergo manual scrutiny at different stages.

1) They are verified by field staff of NSSO from factory records.

2) Verified returns are manually scrutinized by senior level staff before sending to data processing centre.

3) At the data processing centre these are scrutinized before data entry.

4) The entered data are subjected to computer editing and corrections.

5) Tabulated data are checked for anomalies and consistency with previous results.

Sampling error estimates

Relative Standard Error (RSE) is calculated in terms of worker, wages to worker

Graph and download economic data for Production: Industry: Total Industry Excluding Construction for India (PRINTO01INA659S) from 1996 to 2024 about India, IP, and construction.

India was the leading outsourcing destination in the world, accounting for more than half of the market of the global information technology services in financial year 2021. The IT & BPM sector accounted for around ***** percent of India’s GDP the same year. Rapid digitalization and transition to remote working helped the industry to stabilize its growth while facing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. IT sector at a glance The Indian government has been very supportive of the IT sector, providing various tax exemptions and financial benefits, which enabled India to become the home of many major IT companies, like Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Wipro, L&T Infotech, Mindtree, and Tech Mahindra. India’s IT-BPM industry employed around *** million personnel in financial year 2022. The IT spending of the country in 2023 was estimated to be around *** billion U.S. dollars. Road Ahead New technologies like artificial intelligence and robotic process automation offer new opportunities for IT companies in India to grow. The global AI market revenue is forecast to reach more than half a trillion U.S. dollars by the end of 2024. India’s IT industry has been stably growing over the years in both the domestic and export markets and is expected to continue the growth trend in the upcoming years.

In 2022, the revenue of the software industry in India was valued at *** billion U.S. dollars, with enterprise software accounting for the highest revenue at *** billion dollars. This was followed by application development software segment at *** billion dollars. The revenue of the software industry in the 1990s was around ** to ** million dollars.

Abstract

An all-India survey on unorganized manufacturing enterprises was carried out by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) as a part of the 62nd round of National Sample Survey (NSS) during July 2005 - June 2006. Other subjects of inquiry were household consumer expenditure, employment and unemployment. Past surveys provided information on various operational characteristics of enterprises like location of enterprise, nature of operation, maintenance of accounts etc. in detail, as well as detailed estimates of employment, assets & borrowings. The 62nd survey round provides information on input, output & value added of unorganized manufacturing enterprises at all India level for different industry groups and at the level of States / UTs for all the industry groups taken together.

The manufacturing sector is one of the important sectors of industry in the Indian economy. As per the latest available National Accounts Statistics, during 2006-07, the manufacturing sector had a share of about 16% in the GDP at factor cost. For the purpose of data collection, the manufacturing sector has been broadly sub-divided into two categories i.e. organized and unorganized. While data for organized manufacturing sector are collected through Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), the same for unorganized manufacturing sector are collected periodically through sample surveys as follow-up surveys of Economic Censuses (EC). The unorganized manufacturing sector has roughly about one-third share in the total contribution by the manufacturing sector in the GDP.

Recognizing the importance of the unorganized manufacturing sector in terms of its share in GDP as well as in total employment, NSS has taken up this subject in many of its rounds. That way collection of data on unorganized manufacture has a long history in the NSS. In fact, the very first round of NSS had small-scale manufacturing and handicrafts as one of its subjects of enquiry. Thereafter, data on small-scale manufacture were collected also in the NSS rounds 3-10, 14, 23 and 29. These surveys used the list of villages from Population Census and list of census enumeration blocks, or lists of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks of NSSO subject to their availability, as the sampling frame for selection of villages / urban blocks.

A review of the surveys conducted by NSSO in the initial rounds mentioned above indicated that a better sampling frame was necessary to generate more accurate statistics of the unorganized sector. The need for auxiliary information on areas of concentration of enterprises for stratification purpose was strongly felt for developing more efficient sampling designs. This demand ultimately culminated in the conduct of periodic Economic Censuses (EC), which provided the frame for the follow-up surveys on non-agricultural enterprises including those engaged in unorganized manufacturing.

With the launching of the EC in 1977 (five ECs have been conducted so far), the follow-up surveys of EC on unorganized manufacturing generally used the village and block level information on number of enterprises/workers as per the EC for selection of villages and urban blocks in the follow-up surveys. The approach of data collection from enterprises was also changed from the 'household approach' used earlier (i.e. prior to the launching of EC) to the 'site approach' whenever such sites existed. So far NSS has conducted six follow-up surveys of EC through rounds 33rd (1978-79), 40th (1984-85), 45th (1989-90), 51st (1994-95), 56th (2000-01), and 62nd (2005-06) with unorganized manufacture as the main subject of enquiry. In the 62nd round of NSS, area frame thrown up by the latest EC (1998) was however used only partially because the frame was considered to be old. However, for 27 cities having a population of one million or more (as per Census 2001) which are likely to have a substantial share in the total number of unorganized manufacturing enterprises in the country, a decision was taken to make use of the list of urban blocks giving count of number of enterprises/workers at the block level as per EC 1998 as the sampling frame for stratification and selection of urban blocks. For the remaining towns/cities, latest lists of UFS blocks were used as the sampling frame2. In case of rural areas, list of villages (or panchayat wards in case of Kerala) of Census 2001 served as the sampling frame for selection of villages as the first stage units (FSUs).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior village of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometers of bus route and (iii) villages of Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. All the sample FSUs of the districts Poonch and Rajouri of the state of Jammu and Kashmir became casualty. Thus, the estimates for Jammu and Kashmir as well as for all-India do not include these areas.

Analysis unit

• enterprise

Universe

Unorganized manufacturing enterprises not covered by ASI, under the two-digit codes 15 to 37 (Section 'D') of NIC-2004 and enterprises under cotton ginning, cleaning and baling (NIC-2004, code 01405). All government and public sector undertakings were outside the coverage of the survey. It is to be noted that only those enterprises, which operated for at least 30 days (15 days for seasonal enterprises) during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey, were eligible for survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

One salient feature of the sample design adopted during the 62nd round was the use of list frame, in addition to the usual area frame, which was done to capture sufficient number of relatively 'bigger' enterprises with a view to improving the overall estimate of gross value added per worker, total number of workers, total input, total output, etc. A list of 8,000 big non-ASI manufacturing enterprises2 for the urban sector only was prepared as per the data of the census of manufacturing enterprises conducted by Development Commissioner of Small Scale Industries (DCSSI) in 2003. This list served as the list frame. All these units in the list frame were considered for survey without resorting to any sampling. For the coverage of all other enterprises in the universe, the usual area frame approach was followed for sampling of enterprises in stages. It is important to mention that this dual frame approach was experimented for the first time in the 62nd round. The effectiveness of using the list frame has been discussed under Chapter four.

In the area frame approach, the list of all the villages (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) / urban blocks of the country served as the sampling frame of first stage units (FSUs). Thus, the FSUs were villages (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units were enterprises in both the sectors. However, in case of large FSUs requiring hamlet-group (hg) / sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage in the sampling involved the selection of two hg's / sb's from each FSU out of a minimum of three hg's/sb's formed in the FSU. Of these two selected hg's/sb's, one was selected with probability '1' (termed as segment 1) and another one (termed as segment 2) was selected from among the remaining hg's/sb's of the FSU at random. The hg/sb selected with certainty (i.e. segment 1) was the hg/sb having maximum number of directory manufacturing establishments (DMEs) (or with maximum number of non-directory manufacturing establishments (NDMEs) if there was no DME, or with maximum number of own account manufacturing enterprises (OAMEs) if there was no DME/NDME, or with maximum population if there was no DME/NDME/OAME3 in the entire FSU). Smaller FSUs without any hg/sb formation were identified/categorized as segment 1 for the purpose of survey (segment 2 does not exist for such FSUs). As regards the first stage stratification, two basic strata were formed within each district of a State/UT: rural stratum comprising all rural areas of the district and urban stratum consisting of all urban areas of the district. However, each city with a population of one million or more as per Census 2001 was invariably treated as a separate stratum by itself. For details of stratification, sub-stratification and selection of sample FSUs, reference may be made to Appendix-B of of the final report no.526.

For each of segments 1 and 2 for the selected sample FSUs, a frame of eligible enterprises was prepared by the field investigators by visiting each and every house/household within the selected geographical area. While doing so, if any enterprise of the list frame was encountered, care was taken not to list it again within segment 1 or 2 as a part of the area sample / area frame to guard against duplication of enterprises between the two types of frames. Listing and sampling of enterprises in the area frame was independent for each of segments 1 and 2. In this context, it may be mentioned that for each selected FSU of rural sub-strata 1 and 2 only (see Appendix B for composition of these two sub-strata), segment 9 was also carved out within the FSU, which comprised top 10 big non-ASI registered SSI enterprises (identified by jointly considering the number of workers in the enterprise and gross value of output of the enterprise) located within the boundaries of the entire FSU. The list of such units for selected FSUs was made available to the field investigators in order to facilitate formation of segment 9. Respective frames of segments 1 and 2 in these FSUs excluded the units listed under segment 9. The effectiveness of the formation of segment 9 has been discussed under Chapter

Manufacturing Industries: Chandigarh: Basic Metals: Productive Capital data was reported at 4,065.600 INR mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,241.500 INR mn for 2021. Manufacturing Industries: Chandigarh: Basic Metals: Productive Capital data is updated yearly, averaging 3,444.350 INR mn from Mar 2009 (Median) to 2022, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,717.300 INR mn in 2014 and a record low of 1,479.200 INR mn in 2015. Manufacturing Industries: Chandigarh: Basic Metals: Productive Capital data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Mining and Manufacturing Sector – Table IN.BAF006: Manufacturing Industry: NIC 2008: By State: Chandigarh.

The provided dataset encompasses information about over 3000 Indian companies across various industries, offering a comprehensive snapshot of India's vibrant business landscape. Here's an insightful description of the dataset:

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Graph and download economic data for Production, Sales, Work Started and Orders: Production Volume: Economic Activity: Industry (Except Construction) for India (PRINTO01INQ661N) from Q2 1994 to Q1 2024 about India, IP, and construction.

Graph and download economic data for Production: Industry: Total Industry Excluding Construction for India (PRINTO01INQ659S) from Q2 1995 to Q4 2024 about India, IP, and construction.

The Indian steel fabrication industry is experiencing robust growth, driven by large-scale infrastructure development projects, increasing urbanization, and a burgeoning manufacturing sector. The industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.71% from 2019 to 2024 indicates significant expansion, a trend projected to continue through 2033. Key drivers include government initiatives promoting infrastructure development (like the Bharatmala project and Smart Cities Mission), rising demand for construction materials in both residential and commercial sectors, and a growing need for steel structures in energy and industrial applications. The market segmentation reveals a strong demand for both heavy and light sectional steel, with the manufacturing and power & energy sectors being major end-users. While the exact market size in 2025 isn't specified, considering the CAGR and assuming a 2024 market size of approximately $50 billion (a reasonable estimate for a rapidly growing market of this type), the 2025 market size could be projected at roughly $54 billion. This projection is a reasonable estimate based on market trends and industry growth patterns and is not a precise figure. The competitive landscape is fragmented, with numerous companies ranging from large established players like Bharat Process and Mechanical Engineers Limited to smaller regional fabricators. However, consolidation is expected as larger firms seek to expand their market share through acquisitions and strategic partnerships. While growth is promising, challenges remain. These include fluctuating raw material prices (iron ore, steel billets), potential supply chain disruptions, and the need to adopt advanced technologies and sustainable practices to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Future growth will likely be influenced by government policies related to sustainable infrastructure, technological advancements in steel fabrication, and the overall economic health of India. The industry is poised for continued expansion, provided these challenges are effectively managed. This report provides a detailed analysis of the Steel Fabrication Industry in India, covering the period 2019-2033. It offers invaluable insights into market size, growth drivers, challenges, and future trends, making it an essential resource for industry stakeholders, investors, and researchers. With a base year of 2025 and an estimated year of 2025, this report projects market dynamics until 2033, leveraging historical data from 2019-2024. Keywords: Indian Steel Industry, Steel Fabrication Market, Steel Fabrication India, Steel Structures India, Metal Fabrication India, Indian Steel Market, Steel Construction India. Recent developments include: April 2023: AM Mining, a joint venture between Arcelor Mittal Luxembourg and Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan to acquire Indian Steel Corpn for INR 897 crore. The acquisition of Indian Steel Corporation will likely enhance downstream capabilities and broaden its product portfolio as the company looks to capitalize on market opportunities presented by the steel industry, especially in high-value-added steel production besides capturing synergies across downstream operations., November 2022: AM Mining India completed the acquisition of Uttam Galva Steels. AM Mining India is a joint venture between ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel. ArcelorMittal is a world-leading steel and mining company based in Luxembourg. Japan's Nippon Steel, on the other hand, is one of the world's leading integrated steel producers.. Key drivers for this market are: Rising Demand for Pre-engineered Buildings and Components, Increasing Number of Manufacturing Plants and Infrastructure Development Activities in India. Potential restraints include: Rising Demand for Pre-engineered Buildings and Components, Increasing Number of Manufacturing Plants and Infrastructure Development Activities in India. Notable trends are: Rising Demand for Pre-engineered Buildings and Components.

India Exports: FTPA: USD: Year to Date: Machinery: Industrial, Machinery for Dairy etc data was reported at 3.391 USD bn in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.893 USD bn for Sep 2018. India Exports: FTPA: USD: Year to Date: Machinery: Industrial, Machinery for Dairy etc data is updated monthly, averaging 2.121 USD bn from Jan 2010 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 106 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.339 USD bn in Mar 2018 and a record low of 216.670 USD mn in Apr 2010. India Exports: FTPA: USD: Year to Date: Machinery: Industrial, Machinery for Dairy etc data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table IN.JAA021: Exports by Principal Commodities: USD: Year to Date.

The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had not only brought the global economy to a standstill but set the clock backwards on the developmental progress of several nations. While the rate of infection in India did not appear to be as high as in other countries, precautionary measures adopted dealt a severe blow to the country’s major industries - with the service sector bearing the largest brunt of estimated loss. Manufacturing made a swift recovery in the following months.

Impact of key industries

The loss incurred by enforcing a lockdown in the country was estimated at 26 billion U.S. dollars and a significant decline in GDP growth is also expected in the June quarter of 2020. With the imposition of restrictions on transportation worldwide, the trade sector also took a hit. Exports and imports saw a drastic decline in the country especially in the case of essential commodities such as petroleum, food crops, and coal, among others.

Effect on business in India

The growth rate of the automotive business in India was expected to be the most adversely affected followed by the power supply and IT sectors. Furthermore, many startups, small and medium enterprises in India expected to face issues of supply disruption and a decrease in demand. The effects of aid from the Narendra Modi-led government arguably did little to help in the face of a faltering economy.