As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey of 2024, the unemployment rate among individuals with secondary education and above was 7.1 percent, the highest among other levels of education. Although the unemployment rate within this category fell from the previous financial year. Potential of the education sectorIndia's education sector is estimated to be valued at around 117 billion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to grow to 225 billion U.S. dollars by 2025. It is a growing trend for many young Indians to attain two or three degrees in the hope of attaining a job. One of the largest young populations in the world presents a unique opportunity for the country in the education sector. Educated unemployed Youth unemployment in India was over 15 percent in 2023. This is despite the abundance of highly educated professionals. The data suggests a sharp mismatch between the skills of the labor force and job creation. The lack of jobs in the non-farm sector for the newly graduated young population is a major cause of worry for the Indian economy.

Unemployment Rate in India decreased to 5.10 percent in August from 5.20 percent in July of 2025. This dataset provides - India Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic shows the unemployment rate in India from 1999 to 2024. In 2024, the unemployment rate in India was estimated to be 4.2 percent. India's economy in comparison to other BRIC states India possesses one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and as a result, India is recognized as one of the G-20 major economies as well as a member of the BRIC countries, an association that is made up of rapidly growing economies. As well as India, three other countries, namely Brazil, Russia and China, are BRIC members. India’s manufacturing industry plays a large part in the development of its economy; however its services industry is the most significant economical factor. The majority of the population of India works in this sector. India’s notable economic boost can be attributed to significant gains over the past decade in regards to the efficiency of the production of goods as well as maintaining relatively low debt, particularly when compared to the total amount earned from goods and services produced throughout the years. When considering individual development as a country, India progressed significantly over the years. However, in comparison to the other emerging countries in the BRIC group, India’s progress was rather minimal. While China experienced the most apparent growth, India’s efficiency and productivity remained somewhat stagnant over the course of 3 or 4 years. India also reported a rather large trade deficit over the past decade, implying that its total imports exceeded its total amount of exports, essentially forcing the country to borrow money in order to finance the nation. Most economists consider trade deficits a negative factor, especially in the long run and for developing or emerging countries.

The median age in India was 27 years old in 2020, meaning half the population was older than that, half younger. This figure was lowest in 1970, at 18.1 years, and was projected to increase to 47.8 years old by 2100. Aging in India India has the second largest population in the world, after China. Because of the significant population growth of the past years, the age distribution remains skewed in favor of the younger age bracket. This tells a story of rapid population growth, but also of a lower life expectancy. Economic effects of a young population Many young people means that the Indian economy must support a large number of students, who demand education from the economy but cannot yet work. Educating the future workforce will be important, because the economy is growing as well and is one of the largest in the world. Failing to do this could lead to high youth unemployment and political consequences. However, a productive and young workforce could provide huge economic returns for India.

As of March 2025, South Africa had the highest unemployment rate among the 19* countries that are members of the G20. The unemployment rate in South Africa stood at **** percent that year. The country has recently been plagued by an economic downturn, including energy shortages and high unemployment levels. On the other hand, Japan had the lowest unemployment rate at just *** percent. Economic inequality in South Africa Not only does South Africa top the G20 in overall unemployment, but it also has a significant level of youth unemployment, as nearly half of the young population is unemployed. Thirty years after the end of Apartheid, South Africa is also still one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini score of ****. The prominence of inequality in the country makes escaping unemployment and underemployment difficult. Japanese economic slowdown While Japan had the lowest unemployment rate out of all G20 nations, as well as the lowest youth unemployment rate out of the G20 nations, Japan’s economy is still facing many challenges. With an aging population, the total Japanese population is facing a rapid decline, meaning that it will struggle to have enough workers participating in the labor market. Despite this, Japan maintains strict immigration policies, limiting the chances for foreign workers to move to Japan. Moreover, Japan has the second lowest fertility rate out of the G7 nations and one of the lowest fertility rates globally, adding another challenge in addressing population shrinkage.

Key information about India Labour Force Participation Rate

• India Labour Force Participation Rate increased to 45.1 % in Dec 2024, compared with 42.4 % in the previous year.
• India Labour Force Participation Rate is updated yearly, available from Dec 1990 to Dec 2024, with an average rate of 57.4 % .
• The data reached the an all-time high of 60.1 % in Dec 2000 and a record low of 36.9 % in Dec 2018.
• India Labour Force Participation Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.
• In the latest reports, India Population reached 1,408.0 million people in Mar 2025.
• Unemployment Rate of India increased to 7.1 % in Dec 2020.

Abstract

The objective of PLFS is primarily on two aspects. The first is to measure the dynamics in labour force participation and employment status in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the Current Weekly Status (CWS). Thus, in every quarter, PLFS will bring out the level and change estimates of the key labour force indicators in CWS viz. Worker Population Ratio (WPR), Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Unemployment Rate (UR). Secondly, for both rural and urban areas, level estimates of all important parameters in both usual status and CWS will be brought out annually.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain extremely difficult to access throughout the year.

Sampling procedure

In a large village, there exist usually a few localities or pockets where the houses of the village tend to cluster together. These are called 'hamlets'. In case there are no such recognised hamlets in the village, the census sub-divisions of the village (e.g. enumeration blocks or groups of census house numbers or geographically distinct blocks of houses) may be treated as 'hamlets'. Large hamlets may be divided artificially to achieve more or less equal population content for the purpose of hamlet-group formation. The procedure for formation of hamlet-groups is best described, perhaps, by listing sequentially the steps involved: (i) Identify the hamlets as described above. (ii) Ascertain approximate present population of each hamlet. (iii) Draw a notional map in block 3 showing the location of the hamlets and number them in a serpentine order starting from the northwest corner and proceeding southwards. While drawing this map, uninhabited area (non-abadi area) of the village will be included as part of nearby hamlet, so that no area of the village is left out. The boundaries of the hamlets may be defined with the help of some landmarks like canals, footpaths, railway lines, roads, cadastral survey plot numbers etc., so that it would be possible to identify and locate the geographical boundaries of the hamlet-groups to be formed in the village. (iv) List the hamlets in Block 4.1 in the order of their numbering. Indicate the present population content in terms of percentages. (v) Group the hamlets into D hamlet-groups. The criteria to be adopted for hamlet-group formation are equality of population content and geographical contiguity (numbering of hamlets is not to be adopted as a guideline for grouping). In case there is a conflict between the two aspects, geographical contiguity is to be given priority. However, there should not be substantial difference between the population of the smallest and the largest hamlet-group formed. Indicate the grouping in the map. (vi) Number the hamlet-groups serially in column (1) of Block 4.2. The hamlet-group containing hamlet number 1 will be numbered as 1, the hamlet-group with next higher hamlet number not included in hg 1 will be numbered as 2 and so on. Indicate the numbers also in the notional map. It is quite possible that a hamlet-group may not be constituted of hamlets with consecutive serial numbers.

Mode of data collection

FACE TO FACE

Training Before Career Market Outlook

The global Training Before Career market size was valued at approximately $25 billion in 2023 and is forecasted to reach around $45 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% during the forecast period. This robust growth is driven by an increasing emphasis on skill development and employability enhancements among students and job seekers worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors in the Training Before Career market is the burgeoning demand for skilled labor across various industries. As businesses evolve and technologies advance, the skills gap continues to widen, prompting organizations and individuals to invest heavily in pre-career training programs. The rise of Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation in various sectors, has further accentuated the need for specialized technical training. Consequently, there is a growing trend of individuals seeking vocational and technical training before entering the workforce.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing recognition of soft skills as critical components of employability. Employers are no longer solely focused on technical abilities but also on attributes like communication, teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving. This shift in hiring preferences has led to a surge in soft skills training programs. Educational institutions and training providers are expanding their curricula to include these essential soft skills, ensuring that job seekers are well-rounded and adaptable to various workplace environments. This trend is particularly prevalent in regions with high youth unemployment rates, where enhancing employability through comprehensive training programs is crucial.

The advent of digital learning platforms has revolutionized the Training Before Career market, providing flexible and accessible training options. Online and blended learning models have gained immense popularity, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated remote learning solutions. These digital platforms offer a wide range of courses and certifications, enabling learners to acquire new skills at their own pace. The convenience and affordability associated with online training have broadened the market's reach, attracting a diverse group of learners, including students, job seekers, and professionals looking to upskill or reskill.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing substantial growth in the Training Before Career market. Countries like India and China, with their large youth populations and burgeoning economies, are investing heavily in skill development initiatives to bridge the employment gap. Government programs and public-private partnerships are playing a pivotal role in promoting vocational training and apprenticeships. Similarly, North America and Europe have well-established training infrastructures and a strong emphasis on continuous learning, further propelling market growth in these regions.

Training Type Analysis

The Training Before Career market is segmented by training type into Technical Training, Soft Skills Training, Vocational Training, Apprenticeships, and Others. Technical Training encompasses specialized instruction in areas such as information technology, engineering, and advanced manufacturing. This segment is experiencing significant growth due to the rapid technological advancements and the increasing demand for tech-savvy professionals. Companies are actively seeking individuals with expertise in areas like cybersecurity, cloud computing, and data analytics, driving the expansion of technical training programs.

Soft Skills Training is another crucial segment, focusing on interpersonal and communication skills, leadership abilities, and emotional intelligence. As the modern workplace evolves, employers are placing a higher value on these skills, recognizing their importance in fostering a collaborative and productive work environment. Training providers are developing comprehensive programs to address these needs, often incorporating experiential learning techniques such as role-playing and group activities to enhance the effectiveness of the training.

Vocational Training offers hands-on experience in specific trades and crafts, such as plumbing, electrical work, and automotive repair. This type of training is essential for industries that require practical skills and on-the-job proficiency. The demand for vocational training is driven by sectors like construction and man

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in India from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, India's real gross domestic product growth was at about 6.46 percent compared to the previous year. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in India Recent years have witnessed a shift of economic power and attention to the strengthening economies of the BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The growth rate of gross domestic product in the BRIC countries is overwhelmingly larger than in traditionally strong economies, such as the United States and Germany. While the United States can claim the title of the largest economy in the world by almost any measure, China nabs the second-largest share of global GDP, with India racing Japan for third-largest position. Despite the world-wide recession in 2008 and 2009, India still managed to record impressive GDP growth rates, especially when most of the world recorded negative growth in at least one of those years. Part of the reason for India’s success is the economic liberalization that started in 1991and encouraged trade subsequently ending some public monopolies. GDP growth has slowed in recent years, due in part to skyrocketing inflation. India’s workforce is expanding in the industry and services sectors, growing partially because of international outsourcing — a profitable venture for the Indian economy. The agriculture sector in India is still a global power, producing more wheat or tea than anyone in the world except for China. However, with the mechanization of a lot of processes and the rapidly growing population, India’s unemployment rate remains relatively high.

The dataset is based on Statistics Canada census data spanning four census periods (2001, 2006, 2016, and 2021). The dataset captures population statistics disaggregated by ethnicity at the Dissemination Area (DA) level—the smallest standard geographic unit for census data dissemination, covering approximately 400-700 people per unit. For Toronto, this encompasses approximately 3,700 DAs, providing high spatial resolution for analyzing urban dynamics. The dataset includes detailed population counts for the five largest ethnic groups in Toronto: China, India, Philippines, Portugal, and Sri Lanka. The features are also extracted from census datasets and 298 socioeconomic and demographic features from the census data, organized into 12 categories:Demographics: Population age structure, household composition, and family sizeHousing: Dwelling types, ownership status, housing values, and maintenance needsFamily Structure: Marriage patterns, presence of children, household typesIncome: Median household and individual income, income sourcesEmployment: Labor force participation, employment/unemployment ratesMobility & Migration: Internal and external migration patterns, non-permanent residentsVisible Minorities: Population distribution by visible minority statusLanguage: Official language use, mother tongue, and multilingual capabilitiesOccupation: Employment categories across economic sectorsReligion: Religious affiliations and practicesIndustry: Distribution across industry sectorsPlace of Birth: Country of origin information

In 2023, 43.51 percent of the workforce in India were employed in agriculture, while the other half was almost evenly distributed among the two other sectors, industry and services. While the share of Indians working in agriculture is declining, it is still the main sector of employment. A BRIC powerhouseTogether with Brazil, Russia, and China, India makes up the four so-called BRIC countries. They are the four fastest-growing emerging countries dubbed BRIC, an acronym, by Jim O’Neill at Goldman Sachs. Being major economies themselves already, these four countries are said to be at a similar economic developmental stage -- on the verge of becoming industrialized countries -- and maybe even dominating the global economy. Together, they are already larger than the rest of the world when it comes to GDP and simple population figures. Among these four, India is ranked second across almost all key indicators, right behind China. Services on the riseWhile most of the Indian workforce is still employed in the agricultural sector, it is the services sector that generates most of the country’s GDP. In fact, when looking at GDP distribution across economic sectors, agriculture lags behind with a mere 15 percent contribution. Some of the leading services industries are telecommunications, software, textiles, and chemicals, and production only seems to increase – currently, the GDP in India is growing, as is employment.

The share of employable women in India in 2025 saw a decrease from the previous year. Men accounted for about ** percent of employability that year. In fact, a larger share of women than men have constituted India’s employable talent since 2020 until a drop in 2025. Employability refers to a person's ability to gain and maintain employment. India’s professional talent pool Indian corporations and employers found a rich supply of highly employable graduates in states such as Maharashtra and Delhi. The demand for professionals with a year or more of working experience outweighed that of graduates without experience, thus, driving up the preference for internships. Some of the most employable candidates in 2024 were graduates with degrees in engineering, business administration and computer applications. Employability does not translate to employment However, higher employability did not translate to employment as was indicated by the country’s youth unemployment rate. Gender gap in participation at work has also persisted over the years. In addition to skill training, more jobs need to be created to absorb the growing unemployed and underemployed youth.

The statistic shows the unemployment rate in the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2024. The UK's unemployment rate decreased to 4.11 percent in 2024. Unemployment and the economy of the United Kingdom The global financial crisis of 2008 left many nations with high inflation and increasing unemployment rates. The United Kingdom, however, has attempted and successfully lowered the unemployment rate since 2009. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G8, the G20, NATO, and World Trade Organization. It is therefore one of the biggest and most important economic powers in the world. It consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and in 2014, the UK population amounted to over 64 million people. The same year, it reported the sixth largest gross domestic product in the world, reaching more than 2.8 billion U.S. dollars - and with a prospering economy, its GDP is on the upswing: It is estimated that the GDP in the United Kingdom will grow by approximately 3 percent in 2015 in comparison to the previous year. Regarding unemployment, the UK has never been "typically European". Europe's unemployment rate has been relatively high in comparison to other world regions; the unemployment rate in developed countries and the European Union in 2014 was around 7.8 percent. Meanwhile, the global unemployment rate in 2014 was an estimated 5.9 percent. Despite reporting the third highest unemployment rate in major industrial and emerging countries, behind France and India, the unemployment rate in the United Kingdom is much lower than the European Union rate.

This statistic shows the unemployment rate in Indonesia from 1999 to 2024. In 2024, the unemployment rate in Indonesia was at approximately 3.3 percent. Indonesia's population and economy The Republic of Indonesia is a sovereign state archipelago in Southeast Asia, composed of more than 17,000 islands. In 2010, Indonesia's total population amounted to more than 237 million people. It is estimated to reach more than 255 million people by 2015. Indonesia is among the the thirty largest countries in the world (in terms of geographical area) and also among the countries with the largest population, behind China, India, and the USA. Better living conditions, better health care, and a growing economy in Indonesia are fundamental for the growing population. Nowadays, Jakarta, the largest city in Indonesia, has more than 9.5 million inhabitants. Indonesia's economy has seen major improvements over the past years, and the country is one of the frontrunners here as well: Estimated to be around 856 billion U.S. dollars, Indonesia had one of largest gross domestic products worldwide in 2014. As a result of the prospering economy, unemployment in the country is rapidly decreasing. as can be seen above. Between 2005 and 2014, the unemployment rate in Indonesia decreased by more than 5 percent.

The United States hosted, by far, the highest number of immigrants in the world in 2024. That year, there were over ** million people born outside of the States residing in the country. Germany and Saudi Arabia followed behind at around **** and **** million, respectively. There are varying reasons for people to emigrate from their country of origin, from poverty and unemployment to war and persecution. American Migration People migrate to the United States for a variety of reasons, from job and educational opportunities to family reunification. Overall, in 2021, most people that became legal residents of the United States did so for family reunification purposes, totaling ******* people that year. An additional ******* people became legal residents through employment opportunities. In terms of naturalized citizenship, ******* people from Mexico became naturalized American citizens in 2021, followed by people from India, the Philippines, Cuba, and China. German Migration Behind the United States, Germany also has a significant migrant population. Migration to Germany increased during the mid-2010's, in light of the Syrian Civil War and refugee crisis, and during the 2020’s, in light of conflict in Afghanistan and Ukraine. Moreover, as German society continues to age, there are less workers in the labor market. In a low-migration scenario, Germany will have **** million skilled workers by 2040, compared to **** million by 2040 in a high-migration scenario. In both scenarios, this is still a decrease from **** skilled workers in 2020.

The statistic shows the life expectancy at birth in India from 2013 to 2023. The average life expectancy at birth in India in 2023 was 72 years. Standard of living in India India is one of the so-called BRIC countries, an acronym which stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China, the four states considered the major emerging market countries. They are all in a similar advanced economic state and are expected to advance even further. India is also among the twenty leading countries with the largest gross domestic product / GDP, and the twenty countries with the largest proportion of global gross domestic product / GDP based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Its unemployment rate has been stable over the past few years; India is also among the leading import and export countries worldwide. This alone should put India in a relatively comfortable position economically speaking, however, parts of the population of India are struggling with poverty and health problems. When looking at a comparison of the median age of the population in selected countries – i.e. one half of the population is older and the other half is younger –, it can be seen that the median age of the Indian population is about twenty years less than that of the Germans or Japanese. In fact, the median age in India is significantly lower than the median age of the population of the other emerging BRIC countries – Russia, China and Brazil. Additionally, the total population of India has been steadily increasing. Regarding life expectancy, India is neither among the countries with the highest, nor among those with the lowest life expectancy at birth. The majority of the Indian population is aged between 15 and 64 years, with only about 5 percent being older than 64.

The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) in Brazil from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. Gross domestic product denotes the aggregate value of all services and goods produced within a country in any given year. GDP is an important indicator of a country's economic power. In 2024, Brazil's gross domestic product amounted to around 2.17 trillion U.S. dollars. In comparison to the GDP of the other BRIC countries India, Russia and China, Brazil was ranked third that year. Brazil's national finances Brazil is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and the largest amongst all Latin American countries. Brazil is also a member of multiple economic organizations such as the G20 as well as one of the four countries in the BRIC economies, which consist of Brazil, Russia, India and China. Despite having one of the lower populations out of the four countries, Brazil maintained a relatively stable dollar value of all goods and services produced within the country in comparison to India, for example. This indicates that unemployment is low and in general business demand within the country has become relatively high. Spending within the country has been relatively high, however is considered to be normal, especially for developing countries. It is expected that developing economies have a budget deficit of roughly 3 percent, primarily because spending is needed in order to fuel an economy at most times. However, most Brazilians still have faith in their country’s economic future and still believe that their own personal financial situation will improve along with the country’s economic position in the world.

In the financial year 2021, a majority of Indian households fell under the aspirers category, earning between ******* and ******* Indian rupees a year. On the other hand, about ***** percent of households that same year, accounted for the rich, earning over * million rupees annually. The middle class more than doubled that year compared to ** percent in financial year 2005. Middle-class income group and the COVID-19 pandemic During the COVID-19 pandemic specifically during the lockdown in March 2020, loss of incomes hit the entire household income spectrum. However, research showed the severest affected groups were the upper middle- and middle-class income brackets. In addition, unemployment rates were rampant nationwide that further lead to a dismally low GDP. Despite job recoveries over the last few months, improvement in incomes were insignificant. Economic inequality While India maybe one of the fastest growing economies in the world, it is also one of the most vulnerable and severely afflicted economies in terms of economic inequality. The vast discrepancy between the rich and poor has been prominent since the last ***** decades. The rich continue to grow richer at a faster pace while the impoverished struggle more than ever before to earn a minimum wage. The widening gaps in the economic structure affect women and children the most. This is a call for reinforcement in in the country’s social structure that emphasizes access to quality education and universal healthcare services.

In 2023, just over 55.36 percent of Nepal’s gross domestic product (GDP) came from its service sector. Agriculture contributed the second largest amount, while eleven percent came from the industry sector. The majority of the Nepalese population lives in rural areas, and are depended on agriculture for their livelihood. A struggling but strong population Around 63 percent of Nepal’s 29.6 million inhabitants are part of the workforce, i.e. between 15 to 64 years old. Though the country has a very low unemployment rate (probably due to the fact that agricultural occupations are usually not taken into account when calculating national unemployment) , it is considered a country weighed down by high poverty, with a consistent trade deficit and a volatile inflation rate. However, recent perceptions of children’s living standards when they grow up in Nepal are overwhelmingly of the opinion that the standard of living is better. The Nepalese economy Nepal has robust ties with the country of India, which is both the country’s main export partner, as well as its main import partner . Nepal’s economy has been under the influence of political instability over the course of the country’s history: a monarchy until the early 2000s, it then became a republic with a Maoist-dominated government. Lately, Nepal made several attempts to improve its economic situation, but still relies heavily on remittances and foreign aid.

The statistic shows the distribution of the workforce across economic sectors in China from 2014 to 2024. In 2024, around 22.2 percent of the workforce were employed in the agricultural sector, 29 percent in the industrial sector and 48.8 percent in the service sector. In 2022, the share of agriculture had increased for the first time in more than two decades, which highlights the difficult situation of the labor market due to the pandemic and economic downturn at the end of the year. Distribution of the workforce in China In 2012, China became the largest exporting country worldwide with an export value of about two trillion U.S. dollars. China’s economic system is largely based on growth and export, with the manufacturing sector being a crucial contributor to the country’s export competitiveness. Economic development was accompanied by a steady rise of labor costs, as well as a significant slowdown in labor force growth. These changes present a serious threat to the era of China as the world’s factory. The share of workforce in agriculture also steadily decreased in China until 2021, while the agricultural gross production value displayed continuous growth, amounting to approximately 7.8 trillion yuan in 2021. Development of the service sector Since 2011, the largest share of China’s labor force has been employed in the service sector. However, compared with developed countries, such as Japan or the United States, where 73 and 79 percent of the work force were active in services in 2023 respectively, the proportion of people working in the tertiary sector in China has been relatively low. The Chinese government aims to continue economic reform by moving from an emphasis on investment to consumption, among other measures. This might lead to a stronger service economy. Meanwhile, the size of the urban middle class in China is growing steadily. A growing number of affluent middle class consumers could promote consumption and help China move towards a balanced economy.