Unemployment Rate in India remained unchanged at 5.60 percent in June. This dataset provides - India Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic shows the unemployment rate in India from 1999 to 2024. In 2024, the unemployment rate in India was estimated to be 4.2 percent. India's economy in comparison to other BRIC states India possesses one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and as a result, India is recognized as one of the G-20 major economies as well as a member of the BRIC countries, an association that is made up of rapidly growing economies. As well as India, three other countries, namely Brazil, Russia and China, are BRIC members. India’s manufacturing industry plays a large part in the development of its economy; however its services industry is the most significant economical factor. The majority of the population of India works in this sector. India’s notable economic boost can be attributed to significant gains over the past decade in regards to the efficiency of the production of goods as well as maintaining relatively low debt, particularly when compared to the total amount earned from goods and services produced throughout the years. When considering individual development as a country, India progressed significantly over the years. However, in comparison to the other emerging countries in the BRIC group, India’s progress was rather minimal. While China experienced the most apparent growth, India’s efficiency and productivity remained somewhat stagnant over the course of 3 or 4 years. India also reported a rather large trade deficit over the past decade, implying that its total imports exceeded its total amount of exports, essentially forcing the country to borrow money in order to finance the nation. Most economists consider trade deficits a negative factor, especially in the long run and for developing or emerging countries.

In 2024, the estimated youth unemployment rate in India was at 16.03 percent. According to the source, the data are ILO estimates. For the past decade, India’s youth unemployment rate has been hovering around the 22 percent mark. What is the youth unemployment rate?The youth unemployment rate refers to those in the workforce who are aged 15 to 24 years and without a job, but actively seeking one. Generally, youth unemployment rates are higher than the adult unemployment rates, and India is no exception: youth unemployment in India is significantly higher than the national unemployment rate. The Indian workforce, young and oldIndia’s unemployment rate in general is not remarkably high when compared to those of other countries. Both India’s unemployment rate and youth unemployment rate are below their global equivalents. In a comparison of the Asia-Pacific region countries, India ranks somewhere in the middle, with Cambodia’s unemployment rate being estimated to be below one percent, and Afghanistan’s the highest at 8.8 percent.

Employment Rate in India remained unchanged at 47.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 47.20 percent in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - India Worker Population Ratio- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Current Daily Status: Urban: Female data was reported at 80.000 Person in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 91.000 Person for 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Current Daily Status: Urban: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 107.000 Person from Jun 1978 (Median) to 2012, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 145.000 Person in 1978 and a record low of 80.000 Person in 2012. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Current Daily Status: Urban: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Sample Survey Organisation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA019: Employment and Unemployment Survey: Unemployment.

The annual employment change across India for regular workers was the highest at 3.8 percent between financial years 2005 and 2012. The change rate for casual workers on the other hand, saw a decline of 0.7 percent in the same period, while this was a slight growth of 0.9 percent among casual workers.

India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Urban data was reported at 38.000 Person in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 37.000 Person for 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 52.000 Person from Jun 1994 (Median) to 2012, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.000 Person in 2005 and a record low of 37.000 Person in 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Sample Survey Organisation. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.GBA019: Employment and Unemployment Survey: Unemployment.

India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Urban: Male data was reported at 32.000 Person in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 30.000 Person for 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Urban: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 46.500 Person from Jun 1978 (Median) to 2012, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65.000 Person in 1978 and a record low of 30.000 Person in 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Urban: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Sample Survey Organisation. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.GBA019: Employment and Unemployment Survey: Unemployment.

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. The NSS 68th. round carried out during July'2011 - June'2012 was the nineth quinquennial round in the series covering subjects of (i) Household Consumer Expenditure and (ii) Employment and Unemployment.

Field work of the survey is carried out by the Field Operation Division ( FOD ) of National Sample Survey Office ( NSSO ) in which the central samples are covered. most of the State Governments also participate in the survey on matching sample size basis.

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) during the period July 2011 - June 2012 carried out an all-India household survey on the subject of employment and unemployment in India as a part of 68th round of its survey programme. In this survey, the nation-wide enquiry was conducted to generate estimates of various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment and labour force characteristics at the national and State levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (Schedule 10) adopting the established concepts, definitions and procedures. Based on the data collected during the entire period of survey, estimates of some key employment-unemployment characteristics in India and States have been presented in the NSSO published report on Key Indicators of Employment and Unemployment July'2011 - June'2012 ( 68th Round).

The main objective of the employment-unemployment surveys conducted by NSSO at periodic interval is to get estimates of level parameters of various employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. These statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within the government and outside. The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional: it varies with region, age, education, gender, level of living, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force are captured in detail in the NSS survey on employment and unemployment and estimates are generated for labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rate, wages of employees, etc. The indicators of the structural aspects of the workforce such as status in employment, industrial distribution and occupational distribution are also derived from the survey. Besides, from the data collected on the particulars of enterprises and conditions of employment, the aspects of employment in the informal sector and informal employment are reflected through the conceptual framework of the survey.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remained inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Households and Persons

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 68th round (July 2011-June 2012) of NSS was earmarked for survey on 'Household Consumer Expenditure' and 'Employment and Unemployment'. The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. In addition to these, all the sample first stage units of the following areas were casualty in different sub-rounds: in sub-rounds 1, 2,3 and 4. In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) was allotted for survey with a view to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period. Attempt was made to survey each of the FSUs during the sub-round to which it is allotted. Because of the arduous field conditions, this restriction need not be strictly enforced in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Sample Design A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) was the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) was households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling was the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Selection of the first-stage units: The various steps involved before making the selection of the FSUs are discussed at length in the following few paragraphs before taking up the issue of selection of USUs within FSUs.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks constituted the sampling frame.

Stratification of the first stage units: Within each district of a State/ UT, two basic strata were formed as follows: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level were adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. Allocation for each sub-stratum was 4. Equal number of samples were allocated among the four sub-rounds.

Selection of first-stage units: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs were selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Selection of Ultimate Stage Units (USU) within a FSU: The remaining paragraphs of this sub-section outlines the various steps leading to the actual selection of USUs within a FSU.

Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is to be determined whether listing was done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it should be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector by more or less equalising the population as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample FSU no. of hg's/sb's to be formed

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks) 1
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
…………..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun (P), Nainital (P), Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda, Leh (Ladakh), Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups were formed as follows:

approximate present population of the sample village no. of hg's to be formed

less than 600 (no hamlet-groups) 1 600 to 899 3 900 to 1199 4 1200 to 1499 5 .………..and so on

Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks: In case hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks are to be formed in the sample FSU, the same should be done by more or less equalizing population.It was ensured that the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed were clearly identifiable in terms of physical landmarks.

Two hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) were selected from a large FSU wherever hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks have been formed in the following manner - one hg/ sb with maximum percentage share of population always selected and termed as hg/ sb 1; one more hg/ sb selected from the remaining hg's/ sb's by simple random sampling (SRS) and termed as hg/ sb 2. Listing and selection of the households done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks. The FSUs without hg/ sb formation treated as sample hg/ sb number 1. It is to be noted that if more than one hg/ sb have same maximum percentage share of population, the one among them which is listed first in block 4.2 of schedule 0.0 treated as hg/ sb 1.

Listing of households: Having determined the hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks, i.e. area(s) to be considered for listing, the next step is to list all the households (including those found to be temporarily locked after ascertaining the temporariness of locking of households through

As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey of 2024, the unemployment rate among individuals with secondary education and above was 7.1 percent, the highest among other levels of education. Although the unemployment rate within this category fell from the previous financial year. Potential of the education sectorIndia's education sector is estimated to be valued at around 117 billion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to grow to 225 billion U.S. dollars by 2025. It is a growing trend for many young Indians to attain two or three degrees in the hope of attaining a job. One of the largest young populations in the world presents a unique opportunity for the country in the education sector. Educated unemployed Youth unemployment in India was over 15 percent in 2023. This is despite the abundance of highly educated professionals. The data suggests a sharp mismatch between the skills of the labor force and job creation. The lack of jobs in the non-farm sector for the newly graduated young population is a major cause of worry for the Indian economy.

Involuntary attrition in India in 2023 was **** percent, a decrease from the previous year. The rate was the highest in 2012 during the presented period. Attrition rate is a metric to quantify the rate at which employees depart from an organization.

In 2024, the unemployment rate in Worldwide stood at 4.89 percent. Between 1991 and 2024, the figure dropped by 0.24 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Current Daily Status: Urban data was reported at 55.000 Person in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 58.000 Person for 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Current Daily Status: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 76.000 Person from Jun 1994 (Median) to 2012, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 83.000 Person in 2005 and a record low of 55.000 Person in 2012. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Current Daily Status: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Sample Survey Organisation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA019: Employment and Unemployment Survey: Unemployment.

Abstract

Objective of the survey on employment and unemployment:

The basic objective of the employment-unemployment surveys of NSSO is to get estimates of the employment and unemployment characteristics at national and State level. The statistical indicators on labour market are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within government and outside. Some of the important uses of these indicators include use by the Planning Commission in evolving employment strategy, use by National Accounts Division in estimating gross domestic product using sector wise workforce participation, and use by various researchers to analyse the condition of the labour market. In this context, it may be mentioned that data collected in NSS employment-unemployment surveys was widely used by the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS), 2009. In NSS 68th round, information on various facets of employment and unemployment will be collected in Schedule 10 (Employment and Unemployment) from all the members of the selected households.

The critical issues in the context of labour force enquiries pertain to defining the labour force and measuring participation of labour force in different economic activities. The activity participation of the people is not only dynamic but also multidimensional; it varies with region, age, education, gender, industry and occupational category. These aspects of the labour force will be captured in detail in the present survey on employment and unemployment. Major types of information that will be collected in this round relate to activity status, industry, occupation and earning from employment for the employees along with education particulars, etc. Besides, the survey will also provide insight into the informal sector and informal employment. Information will be collected from the workers about the type of enterprises in which they were engaged and conditions of employment for the employees. Using the data collected from employment and unemployment surveys, indicators will be generated on labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, unemployment rates, employment in the informal sector, informal employment, wages of employees, etc.

Description:

The survey on employment and unemployment is the prime source of estimates of various parameters of labour force and activity participation of the population. The first quinquennial survey on employment - unemployment, carried out by the NSSO in the 27th round (September 1972 - October 1973), made a marked departure from the earlier employment surveys of NSSO in procedure and content. The concepts and procedures followed in this survey were primarily based on the recommendations of the 'Expert Committee on Unemployment Estimates' (1970). Since then, the seven successive quinquennial surveys conducted in the 32nd, 38th, 43rd, 50th, 55th, 61st and 66th rounds have, more or less, followed an identical approach in the measurement of employment and unemployment. The basic approach (in all these seven quinquennial surveys) had been the collection of data to generate the estimates of employment and unemployment according to the 'usual status' based on a reference period of one year, the 'current weekly status' based on a reference period of one week, and the 'current daily status' based on each day of the seven days preceding the date of survey. In order to reveal the multi-dimensional aspects of the employment-unemployment situation in India, information on several correlates were also gathered in these surveys. Sets of probing questions on some of these aspects had also been one of the basic features of these surveys. In NSS 68th round (July 2011- June 2012), detailed information on employment-unemployment was collected in the same way as was done in the last quinquennial survey, i.e., in NSS 66th round.

A Working Group was set up for the purpose of finalising the survey methodology and schedules of enquiry of the 68th round. Considering all the aspects of current data demand and usefulness of the survey results, the Group has suggested a few improvisations, additions and deletions in the content of the schedule of enquiry for the present survey. The major changes made in the schedule for employment and unemployment survey vis-à-vis the previous quinquennial survey (NSS 66th round) are given below:

a) Block 3: 1) In NSS 66th round survey, along with the information on 'whether the household has NREG job card', information was collected on 'whether got work in NREG works during the last 365 days', 'number of days worked' and 'mode of payment'. In NSS 68th round for rural households, information on Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREG) works was collected on the following: i. whether the household has MGNREG job card ii. number of MGNREG job cards issued to the household iii. whether any member of the household has any bank/post office account Information on the last two items (viz., ii & iii) will be collected from the households which have got MGNREG job card. 2) Household type codes and procedure for determination of household type codes in rural areas have been modified.

b) Block 3.1: In this block information on indebtedness of rural labour households was collected in NSS 66th round. This Block was not canvassed in NSS 68th round.

c) Block 4: i. Instead of collecting information on 'whether currently registered with employment exchange' for persons of age 15-45 years as was done in NSS 66th round, information was collected for the same age group on 'whether currently registered with any placement agency'. ii. In NSS 66th round, for vocational training, detailed information was collected on 'duration of training', 'source from which degree/diploma/certificate received' and 'whether the vocational training was ever helpful in getting a job'. In NSS 68th round, collection of information on vocational training was restricted only to 'whether receiving/received any vocational training' and 'field of training'. iii. For persons of age 18 years and above in rural households with MGNREG job card, information was collected on 'whether registered in any MGNREG job card' and, for those who were registered in any MGNREG job card 'whether worked in MGNREG work during last 365 days'. Such information was not collected in NSS 66th round.

d) Block 5.1/5.2: i. Information on 'seeking or available or suitable for the type of occupation' which was collected in NSS 66th round in Block 5.1 from the non-workers of age below 75 years, was not collected. ii. The probing questions to the self-employed persons in the usual status (Block 5.1/5.2) to identify Home Based Workers have been deleted.

e) Block 5.3: i. In this block, for those who were unemployed on all the 7 days of the week, information was also collected on 'duration of present spell of unemployment'. In NSS 66th round, this question was placed in Block 6. Except retaining this item in Block 5.3, Block 6 of NSS 66th round on follow-up questions for persons unemployed on all the 7 days of the week has been deleted.

f) Block 6 (Block 7.1/7.2 of NSS 66th round): i. Block 7.1 and Block 7.2 have been restructured by deleting some of the items and a new block (Block 6) has been formed in NSS 68th round. ii. Questions on remunerativeness of the earning from self-employment which were asked in NSS 66th round in Block 7.1 to the self-employed persons in principal status and/or subsidiary status have been deleted. These were, 'do you regard the current earning from self-employment as remunerative?' and 'what amount per month would you regard as remunerative?'. iii. Information was collected in NSS 66th round in Block 7.2 on some aspects of labour mobility, such as, whether changed establishment, status, industry, occupation during the period of last two years. Information on these items was not collected in NSS 68th round. iv. The three items of Block 7.2 of NSS 66th round which have been retained in NSS 68th round are placed in Block 6. These are: 1. Is there any union/association in your activity? 2. Whether a member of union/association 3. Nature of employment

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term 'village' would include also Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another

Over *** million people were estimated to be employed in India in the financial year 2023, around a three percent increase from the previous year. The employed workforce was estimated to grow to over *** million in the financial year 2024. Agriculture accounts for the highest share of the workforce in the country, followed by the services sector.

For the financial year 2021, around ** percent of gig work is projected to be in high skilled jobs, ** percent in medium skilled and ** percent in low skilled jobs. The trends reflect a gradual increase in high and low skilled jobs till 2030.

The number of employed persons in India increased to 29579 Thousand in 2012 from 28999 Thousand in 2011. This dataset provides - India Employed Persons - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Usual Status: Adjusted: Urban data was reported at 34.000 Person in 2012. This stayed constant from the previous number of 34.000 Person for 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Usual Status: Adjusted: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 44.000 Person from Jun 1994 (Median) to 2012, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47.000 Person in 2000 and a record low of 34.000 Person in 2012. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Usual Status: Adjusted: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Sample Survey Organisation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA019: Employment and Unemployment Survey: Unemployment.

In 2023, 43.51 percent of the workforce in India were employed in agriculture, while the other half was almost evenly distributed among the two other sectors, industry and services. While the share of Indians working in agriculture is declining, it is still the main sector of employment. A BRIC powerhouseTogether with Brazil, Russia, and China, India makes up the four so-called BRIC countries. They are the four fastest-growing emerging countries dubbed BRIC, an acronym, by Jim O’Neill at Goldman Sachs. Being major economies themselves already, these four countries are said to be at a similar economic developmental stage -- on the verge of becoming industrialized countries -- and maybe even dominating the global economy. Together, they are already larger than the rest of the world when it comes to GDP and simple population figures. Among these four, India is ranked second across almost all key indicators, right behind China. Services on the riseWhile most of the Indian workforce is still employed in the agricultural sector, it is the services sector that generates most of the country’s GDP. In fact, when looking at GDP distribution across economic sectors, agriculture lags behind with a mere 15 percent contribution. Some of the leading services industries are telecommunications, software, textiles, and chemicals, and production only seems to increase – currently, the GDP in India is growing, as is employment.

India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Usual Status: Adjusted: Rural: Male data was reported at 17.000 Person in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.000 Person for 2010. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Usual Status: Adjusted: Rural: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 16.000 Person from Jun 1978 (Median) to 2012, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.000 Person in 1988 and a record low of 13.000 Person in 1978. India Unemployment: Per 1000 Persons: Usual Status: Adjusted: Rural: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Sample Survey Organisation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Labour Market – Table IN.GBA019: Employment and Unemployment Survey: Unemployment.