In 2010, the irrigation sector was the highest water consuming sector with a volume of *** billion cubic meters and was expected to remain the highest water consuming sector even in 2025 and in 2050, with a volume of water consumption rising to *** billion cubic meters and ***** billion cubic meters respectively.

Over the coming years, the water requirement across all the sectors will likely increase due to the growing population. There was a significant imbalance between the water demand and water resource availability, thereby causing water scarcity. With the rising population and industrialization, it was expected that there would be an increase in the amount of sewage and industrial waste being generated. However, the country lacked the capacity to treat the current waste.

India was the country with the highest crop production affected by high water stress in the world in 2024. Approximately *** million metric tons of crop production in India were affected that year.

Context

There is a famous say if there is a third world war, the war will be fought for the water. India is an enormous country with very diverse lifestyles. India is a country of many famous rivers flowing across the country and the world's highest rainfall zone is in India. Though, due to unplanned usage and wastage of water, many of the states in India is f facing a severe shortage of water during summer.

Content

This dataset contains 689 rows for each district in India and 16 columns for different statistical data related to water extraction and recharge. The dataset contains data for the year 2017.

Inspiration

In recent times, India is going through a severe water crisis in many of the regions during the summer. Proper planning and forecasting can save wastage of water. Distribution of water and regulating the extraction of groundwater can be done more efficiently by analyzing the dataset.

Acknowledgment

The dataset is provided by https://data.gov.in/. The dataset is open for analysis and research.

Context:

There has been increased interest among the public about the Environment and living conditions in India. Especially, after since many manufacturing units are being planned, people are worried about how it will affect the underground water quality and the environment. Government of India, under the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation has released the Water Quality Affected Data for 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. The objective here is to analyze this data alongside with Forest, Industries, Habitation, and development projects data in the same area (panchayat) to figure out whether there is any connection between the development effort and the quality of water getting affected. This effort will identify such associations and create awareness such that people and the Govt. can act in time to avoid further deterioration of the water resources.

Content:

Currently, there is this data set of areas with affected water quality for the years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Further datasets are expected for subsequent years. These datasets identify the state, district and specific localities in which water quality degradation has been reported in that particular year. Focus should be on the area (Panchayat/Village) rather than the district or the state as a whole, and observations should be made if there are any associations between the other sets of data available for the same area (from industrial, habitation, manufacturing and other sources, which I intend to add here also).

Acknowledgements:

My deep gratitude to the Government of India for making this data available through the Open Data initiative.

Inspiration:

1. Let's explore if there are any repetitive patterns of water quality degradation in the same area for multiple years.
2. As a whole, which areas in India has a lot of water quality degradation issues over the years (heat maps)
3. Which chemical is predominantly present in most of the water quality issues (heat maps). And why (from the associations with other developmental data like industry, manufacturing, development initiatives, housing, habitation, etc.)
4. As a whole, for the country, is the water quality degrading or upgrading (number of instances reported of water quality getting affected)?
5. Let's explore if there are any associations between the water quality data and the other developmental data. If there is, then what is the extent (visualisation) and how can we address it (prescriptive).
6. Let's predict if there are GOING TO BE water quality issues in areas that are not affected right now based on the developmental and water quality data that is available right now. Prevention is better than cure!

It would be great if we could have water quality and industrial/development experts in this analysis, so that they can contribute their valuable inputs!

Water withdrawals per capita in Montenegro amount to 3590.74 cubic meters per inhabitant, according to the latest available data from 2022. This is a far higher volume than in many other countries, such as India, where per capita water withdrawals were 533.88 cubic meters as of 2022. Global water withdrawals Countries around the world withdraw huge volumes of water each year from sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. China has some of the largest annual total water withdrawals across the globe, at 568.48 billion cubic meters in 2022. In comparison, Mexico withdrew almost 90 billion cubic meters of water that same year. Water scarcity Although roughly 70 percent of Earth's surface is covered with water, less than one percent of the planet's total water resources can be classified as accessible freshwater resources. Growing populations, increased demand, and climate change are increasingly putting pressure on these precious resources. This is expected to lead to global water shortages around the world. In the United States, the megadrought in the west has seen water levels of major reservoirs that provide water to millions of people plummet to record lows. To prevent severe droughts in water-stressed areas today and in the future, a more efficient use of water is essential.

The dataset contains Year- and region-wise All India compiled data on Total Number of Households who are using Principal Sources of Drinking Water such as bottled water, piped water into dwelling, yard or plot, public tap, stand pipe, tube well, bore hole, protected and unprotected wells, springs, rain water, tank, pond and other sources. Along with this, the dataset also contains All India independent data on Total Number of Households who have No or Any or All Types of Supplementary Sources of Drinking Water. Both the types of data are provided for the period of 1998 to 2018. The dataset has been compiled from Table nos. 8, 13 and 14 of NSS 54th, 69 and 76th round reports, respectively.

The dataset contains Year-, State- and region-wise compiled data on Distribution of Households (per thousand) with different Types of Principal and Supplementary Sources of Drinking Water such as bottled water, piped water into dwelling, yard or plot, public tap, stand pipe, tube well, bore hole, protected and unprotected wells, springs, rain water, tank, pond and other sources by duration of insufficiency of drinking water, during the period of 1998 to 2018. The dataset has been compiled from Table nos. 8, 13 and 14 of NSS 54th, 69 and 76th round reports, respectively

This dataset explores the relationship between water pollution and the prevalence of waterborne diseases worldwide. It includes water quality indicators, pollution levels, disease rates, and socio-economic factors that influence health outcomes. The dataset provides information on different countries and regions, spanning the years 2000-2025.

It covers key factors such as contaminant levels, access to clean water, bacterial presence, water treatment methods, sanitation coverage, and the incidence of diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid. Additionally, it incorporates socio-economic variables such as GDP per capita, urbanization rate, and healthcare access, which help assess the broader impact of water pollution on communities.

This dataset can be used for:

Public health research on the impact of water pollution.

Environmental studies to analyze trends in water contamination.

Policy-making for clean water access and sanitation improvements.

Machine learning models to predict disease outbreaks based on water quality.

Prevalence: Covers 10 countries (e.g., USA, India, China, Brazil, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Mexico, Indonesia, Pakistan, Ethiopia).

Includes 5 regions per country (e.g., North, South, East, West, Central).

Spans 26 years (2000-2025).

Features 3,000 unique records representing various water sources and pollution conditions.

The global smart water conservancy solutions market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing urbanization, water scarcity concerns, and the need for efficient water resource management. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Governments worldwide are investing heavily in modernizing their water infrastructure, adopting smart technologies to enhance monitoring, control, and prediction capabilities. The integration of IoT sensors, AI-powered analytics, and cloud-based platforms enables real-time data collection and analysis, leading to improved decision-making and optimized water resource allocation. Furthermore, the rising demand for efficient irrigation systems in agriculture and the increasing adoption of smart solutions in hydropower generation are contributing to market growth. The hardware segment, encompassing sensors, actuators, and communication devices, currently dominates the market, although the software segment, including data analytics and management platforms, is experiencing rapid growth due to its crucial role in enhancing decision-making and operational efficiency. Key players are focusing on developing integrated solutions that combine hardware and software components to offer comprehensive water management capabilities. While initial investment costs might pose a restraint, the long-term benefits of reduced water loss, improved efficiency, and enhanced environmental sustainability are driving adoption. The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is expected to be a significant growth driver due to substantial investments in water infrastructure development and increasing government initiatives. The market segmentation reveals strong potential in specific application areas. Dam monitoring systems are gaining traction due to the critical need for ensuring structural integrity and preventing catastrophic failures. Similarly, smart solutions are increasingly being deployed in power stations to optimize hydropower generation and improve overall efficiency. The "Others" segment, which includes applications such as flood control, irrigation management, and water quality monitoring, also shows substantial growth prospects. Competitive landscape analysis indicates a mix of established players and emerging technology providers. Companies are focusing on strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and the development of innovative solutions to gain a competitive edge. The market is witnessing a shift towards cloud-based solutions, providing scalable and cost-effective water management capabilities to users. Future growth will likely be influenced by advancements in AI and machine learning technologies, enabling more accurate predictions and proactive responses to water-related challenges.

🧬 About Dataset

Here's something nobody asked for but everyone needs: a dataset that turns "how's the water?" from small talk into an existential crisis.

This is hourly water quality data from 40+ monitoring stations scattered across India's northern and eastern states, paired with weather conditions and air quality metrics—because when you're already measuring one environmental disaster, why not track them all?

We're talking dissolved oxygen levels, pH drama, pollutant concentrations, and atmospheric conditions, all timestamped and geotagged. It's like a fitness tracker for rivers, except instead of steps, we're counting ways H₂O can betray us.

Updated monthly, because environmental degradation waits for no one.

🏆 The Cartographers of Chaos

Assembled by:

• @durvadongre — Someone had to read these sensor readings
• @omsandeeppatil — Discovered that data about suffering is still just data

A Project Parisar production, or as we call it, "weaponized meteorology."

🌍 The Geography of Regret — stations.csv

Your atlas to aquatic disappointment, complete with coordinates and elevation data:

From Tehri Dam to Farakka Barrage, we've got the whole gang. Think of it as a tour of places where "pristine waters" is now exclusively used ironically.

🧪 The Variables of Concern — water_data.csv

Each row is a snapshot of chemistry gone wrong, complete with atmospheric accomplices.

💦 Aquatic Vital Signs

🌡️ Meteorological Context Clues

In this study we use long-term satellite, climate, and crop observations to document the spatial distribution of the recent stagnation in food grain production affecting the water-limited tropics (WLT), a region where 1.5 billion people live and depend on local agriculture that is constrained by chronic water shortages. Overall, our analysis shows that the recent stagnation in food production is corroborated by satellite data. The growth rate in annually integrated vegetation greenness, a measure of crop growth, has declined significantly (p < 0.10) in 23% of the WLT cropland area during the last decade, while statistically significant increases in the growth rates account for less than 2%. In most countries, the decade-long declines appear to be primarily due to unsustainable crop management practices rather than climate alone. One quarter of the statistically significant declines are observed in India, which with the world’s largest population of food-insecure people and largest WLT croplands, is a leading example of the observed declines. Here we show geographically matching patterns of enhanced crop production and irrigation expansion with groundwater that have leveled off in the past decade. We estimate that, in the absence of irrigation, the enhancement in dry-season food grain production in India, during 1982–2002, would have required an increase in annual rainfall of at least 30% over almost half of the cropland area. This suggests that the past expansion of use of irrigation has not been sustainable. We expect that improved surface and groundwater management practices will be required to reverse the recent food grain production declines. MDPI and ACS Style Milesi, C.; Samanta, A.; Hashimoto, H.; Kumar, K.K.; Ganguly, S.; Thenkabail, P.S.; Srivastava, A.N.; Nemani, R.R.; Myneni, R.B. Decadal Variations in NDVI and Food Production in India. Remote Sens. 2010, 2, 758-776. AMA Style Milesi C., Samanta A., Hashimoto H., Kumar K.K., Ganguly S., Thenkabail P.S., Srivastava A.N., Nemani R.R., Myneni R.B. Decadal Variations in NDVI and Food Production in India. Remote Sensing. 2010; 2(3):758-776. Chicago/Turabian Style Milesi, Cristina; Samanta, Arindam; Hashimoto, Hirofumi; Kumar, K. Krishna; Ganguly, Sangram; Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Srivastava, Ashok N.; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.; Myneni, Ranga B. 2010. "Decadal Variations in NDVI and Food Production in India." Remote Sens. 2, no. 3: 758-776.

As of February 5, 2025, approximately ** percent of India's total land area was affected by drought conditions ranging from moderate to exceptional. This was less than double the amount affected by drought in the same month the previous year. In February 2024, around **** percent of India's land area suffered from extreme drought conditions.

Snapshot img

India Rainwater Harvesting Market Size 2025-2029

The India rainwater harvesting market size is forecast to increase by USD 89.1 million at a CAGR of 11.7% between 2024 and 2029.

Rainwater harvesting has emerged as a critical solution for sustainable water management in various sectors, including construction, irrigation, landscaping and gardening, and smart cities. The market is driven by the increasing consumption of water and the need to mitigate the uneven distribution of rainfall. Rainwater harvesting systems are increasingly being used for groundwater recharge, reducing the burden on municipal water supplies and promoting water conservation. The use in green buildings is also gaining popularity due to the growing trend towards sustainability. Advanced technologies such as filters, pumps, and LED lighting are being integrated into rainwater harvesting systems to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The rising awareness of the benefits is expected to further fuel market growth. In the context of smart cities, rainwater harvesting is an essential component of sustainable urban infrastructure, enabling efficient water management and reducing reliance on traditional water sources.

What will be the Size of the market During the Forecast Period?

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The rainwater harvesting market is experiencing strong growth due to increasing water scarcity and urbanization worldwide. Groundwater depletion and the need to mitigate urban flooding and soil erosion drive the demand for rainwater collection systems. These systems provide a sustainable solution for various applications, including gardening, irrigation, and even drinking water in some cases. Natural reservoirs like tanks, wells, boreholes, and catchment systems are essential components of rainwater harvesting systems. They offer cost savings and resource savings for farmers and households, making them an attractive alternative to traditional water sources. Climatic disasters and awareness campaigns further boost market momentum.



Government support through tax breaks and legislation also contributes to the market's expansion. Conveyance systems, filters, and water storage solutions are integral components of comprehensive rainwater harvesting systems. Wastewater treatment is an emerging trend as rainwater harvesting systems evolve to address multiple water needs. Overall, the market is poised for continued growth as the world seeks sustainable water management solutions.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

End-user

  Residential
  Non-residential


Application

  Surface-based
  Rooftop-based


Geography

  India

By End-user Insights

The residential segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market's residential segment is experiencing consistent growth due to the increasing construction activities and the mandatory installation of rainwater harvesting systems in new homes above a certain size. The global population rise and accommodation requirements are driving the construction sector, leading to an increase In the adoption of these systems. These systems collect and store rainwater from rooftops and other hard surfaces for various uses, including landscape irrigation, decorative ponds and fountain filling, cooling tower make-up, and toilet and urinal flushing. In India, where water scarcity is a significant issue, this is essential for meeting drinking water demands.

Furthermore, urbanization and the resulting flooding and soil erosion further highlight the importance of water availability. The market includes above-ground and underground storage solutions, catering to commercial, residential, and industrial sectors. Government support, incentives, and the integration of rainwater harvesting into smart cities and green buildings are also contributing to the market's growth. These systems offer cost savings and resource savings, making them an attractive solution for farmers, businesses, and households dealing with water shortages and climatic disasters.

Get a glance at the market report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

Market Dynamics

Our market researchers analyzed the data with 2024 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help companies refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

What are the key market drivers leading to the rise in the adoption of India Rainwater Harvesting Market?

Increase in water consumption is the key driver of the market.

Rainwater harvesting has gained significant importance in addressing water scarcity issues, particularly i

Water Quality Monitoring Sensors Market Outlook

In 2023, the global water quality monitoring sensors market size stands at approximately USD 3.2 billion, and it is projected to reach USD 6.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% over the forecast period. The market growth is largely driven by increasing environmental regulations and the rising need for water quality management due to urbanization and industrialization.

One of the primary growth factors for the water quality monitoring sensors market is the increasing stringency of environmental regulations worldwide. Governments and regulatory bodies are implementing stringent guidelines to control water pollution and ensure safe drinking water. For instance, the European Union's Water Framework Directive mandates member states to achieve 'good' qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies. Such regulations compel industries and public utilities to adopt advanced water quality monitoring solutions, propelling the market growth.

Another significant factor driving the market is the rising awareness and concern regarding water scarcity and contamination. With urbanization and industrial activities, the risk of water contamination has surged, threatening human health and environmental balance. This growing awareness has led to increased investments in water quality monitoring technologies, including sensors, to prevent contamination and manage water resources efficiently. Furthermore, advancements in sensor technologies, such as the development of IoT-enabled and real-time monitoring sensors, have enhanced the accuracy and ease of water quality monitoring, further bolstering market demand.

The growing adoption of smart water management systems across various sectors also acts as a catalyst for market growth. Smart water management involves the integration of advanced technologies, including sensors, to monitor, manage, and optimize the use of water resources. This trend is particularly prominent in regions facing water scarcity and those investing in smart city projects. The implementation of such systems not only aids in efficient water management but also supports sustainable development goals, thereby driving the adoption of water quality monitoring sensors.

Regionally, North America and Europe hold significant market shares due to their stringent environmental regulations and high awareness levels. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate over the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing government initiatives aimed at improving water quality. Countries like China and India are investing heavily in water infrastructure and monitoring systems to address the growing concerns of water pollution and scarcity.

Product Type Analysis

The water quality monitoring sensors market is segmented by product types such as pH sensors, dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors, temperature sensors, turbidity sensors, and conductivity sensors, among others. Each type of sensor plays a crucial role in assessing different parameters of water quality, and their demand varies based on specific monitoring needs. For instance, pH sensors are extensively used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of water, which is vital for various industrial processes and maintaining aquatic life. The growing focus on maintaining environmental standards in industries is driving the demand for pH sensors.

Dissolved oxygen sensors are critical in determining the oxygen levels in water bodies, which is essential for aquatic organisms' survival. These sensors are widely used in aquaculture, wastewater treatment, and environmental monitoring. The increasing emphasis on sustainable aquaculture practices and the need for effective wastewater management solutions are significant factors driving the demand for DO sensors. Additionally, advancements in DO sensor technologies, such as optical sensors, have enhanced their accuracy and reliability, further boosting their adoption.

Temperature sensors are another crucial component in water quality monitoring, as water temperature affects various chemical and biological processes. These sensors find applications in groundwater monitoring, surface water monitoring, and industrial processes. The rising need for precise temperature measurements in various applications is fueling the demand for temperature sensors. Similarly, turbidity sensors, which measure the cloudiness or haziness of water, are essential for assessing water

The global Smart Water Conservancy market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach approximately USD 7,500 million by 2025, with a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 12% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This dynamic growth is fueled by escalating demands for efficient water resource management, driven by factors such as increasing global population, rapid urbanization, and the imperative to address water scarcity and climate change impacts. The market's evolution is characterized by a strong emphasis on technological integration, with advancements in hardware, including IoT sensors, automated control systems, and advanced monitoring devices, and sophisticated software solutions encompassing data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cloud-based platforms, playing pivotal roles. These technologies are instrumental in optimizing water distribution, reducing water loss, ensuring water quality, and improving the overall operational efficiency of water infrastructure. Key applications driving this market's momentum include Dam Monitoring and Power Station management, where precision and reliability are paramount for safety and resource optimization. The "Others" segment, encompassing urban water supply networks, irrigation systems, and wastewater treatment, also presents substantial growth opportunities. Geographically, Asia Pacific is expected to lead market expansion due to significant investments in water infrastructure and a growing awareness of sustainable water management practices, particularly in China and India. North America and Europe are also substantial markets, driven by stringent environmental regulations and a high adoption rate of advanced technologies. While the market benefits from these drivers, it faces restraints such as the high initial investment costs for smart technologies and the need for skilled personnel for implementation and maintenance. However, ongoing innovation, strategic partnerships among key players like Four Faith, Beijing Automic, and INSPUR, and government initiatives promoting smart water solutions are expected to overcome these challenges and propel sustained market growth. This report offers a deep dive into the Smart Water Conservancy market, projecting a robust growth trajectory with an estimated market size of USD 150 million by 2025, and further expanding to USD 400 million by 2033. The analysis encompasses the Study Period (2019-2033), with a focus on the Base Year (2025) and Forecast Period (2025-2033). Historical data from 2019-2024 provides crucial context for understanding current market dynamics and future potential.

Replication Data and codes for "Water in Scarcity, Women in Peril". Since the groundwater data were obtained from the Central Groundwater Board of India, and are proprietary, we deidentified the districts for the replication exercise.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern, increasingly recognized as a silent pandemic across the globe. Therefore, it is important to monitor all factors that could contribute to the emergence, maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental antibiotic pollution is thought to be one of the contributing factors. India is one of the world’s largest consumers and producers of antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics have been detected in different environments across India, sometimes at very high concentrations due to their extensive use in humans and agriculture or due to manufacturing. We summarize the current state of knowledge on the occurrence and transport pathways of antibiotics in Indian water environments, including sewage or wastewater and treatment plants, surface waters such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs as well as groundwater and drinking water. The factors influencing the distribution of antibiotics in the water environment, such as rainfall, population density and variations in sewage treatment are discussed, followed by existing regulations and policies aimed at the mitigation of environmental antimicrobial resistance in India, which will have global benefits. Then, we recommend directions for future research, development of standardized methods for monitoring antibiotics in water, ecological risk assessment, and exploration of strategies to prevent antibiotics from entering the environment. Finally, we provide an evaluation of how scarce the data is, and how a systematic understanding of the occurrence and concentrations of antibiotics in the water environment in India could be achieved. Overall, we highlight the urgent need for sustainable solutions to monitor and mitigate the impact of antibiotics on environmental, animal, and public health.

The global deep well water pump market is poised for robust growth, projected to reach approximately USD 5,500 million by 2025, with an impressive Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.2% expected from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is primarily fueled by escalating global demand for water in critical sectors such as agriculture, industrial processes, and residential water supply, especially in regions facing water scarcity. The increasing adoption of advanced technologies, including smart pumps with IoT capabilities for enhanced efficiency and remote monitoring, is a significant driver. Furthermore, governmental initiatives promoting water conservation and sustainable water management, alongside infrastructure development projects worldwide, are creating substantial opportunities for market players. The residential segment, driven by population growth and the need for reliable domestic water sources, is a key contributor to this growth trajectory. The market's dynamism is further shaped by the increasing complexity of water extraction needs. Deep well water pumps, designed to efficiently draw water from subterranean sources, are becoming indispensable. While the market benefits from strong demand drivers, certain restraints such as high initial installation costs and the need for specialized maintenance could pose challenges. However, technological innovations aimed at reducing costs and improving longevity are actively addressing these concerns. The market is characterized by a competitive landscape with established global players and emerging regional manufacturers. Key market segments include pumps categorized by diameter (1''≤Diameter＜4'', 4''≤Diameter≤6'', Diameter>6’’) and application (Industrial, Agricultural, Residential & Commercial). Asia Pacific, led by China and India, is anticipated to be a major growth region due to rapid industrialization and significant agricultural activities. This report provides a detailed and data-driven analysis of the global Deep Well Water Pump market. It delves into critical aspects including market size, growth drivers, segmentation, competitive landscape, and future trends. Leveraging extensive industry research and proprietary market intelligence, this report offers actionable insights for stakeholders looking to navigate and capitalize on opportunities within this vital sector. Our analysis estimates the World Deep Well Water Pump Production to be valued at approximately $8.5 billion in the current year, with projected growth to surpass $12 billion within the next five years. This surge is driven by increasing global demand for clean water in agricultural, industrial, and residential applications, coupled with advancements in pump technology.

The global Water System Integration market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach an estimated $15,200 million by 2025 and grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 9.5% through 2033. This robust growth is primarily fueled by the escalating demand for efficient and sustainable water management solutions across diverse applications. Key drivers include the critical need for reliable rural drinking water access, the imperative to optimize operations through smart water management platforms, and the ongoing modernization of smart water plant equipment. Furthermore, increasing regulatory pressures for water conservation and the adoption of advanced technologies like IoT and AI are accelerating market penetration. The market is segmented into Data Layer, Processing Layer, Service Layer, and Application Layer, each offering unique opportunities driven by evolving technological capabilities and end-user requirements. The Service Layer, in particular, is expected to witness substantial growth as organizations increasingly outsource complex system integration and maintenance tasks. Geographically, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to lead the market, driven by rapid urbanization, significant infrastructure development, and a growing awareness of water scarcity issues in countries like China and India. North America and Europe, with their established smart water initiatives and advanced technological adoption, will also represent substantial markets. Restraints such as high initial investment costs for sophisticated integration systems and the need for skilled personnel to manage these complex technologies may temper growth in certain segments. However, the long-term benefits of improved water quality, reduced operational costs, and enhanced resource management are expected to outweigh these challenges, ensuring a dynamic and evolving market landscape characterized by innovation and strategic partnerships among key players like IESLAB, WPG (Shanghai) Smart Water Public Co.,Ltd., and Nari Technology Co.,Ltd. Here's a report description on Water System Integration, incorporating your specified details:

This in-depth report provides a meticulous analysis of the global Water System Integration market, focusing on its evolution from the historical period of 2019-2024, the base year of 2025, and projecting future growth through to 2033. With a substantial market size valued in the millions, the study offers actionable insights for stakeholders seeking to navigate this dynamic sector.

Context

Chennai also known as Madras is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is the biggest cultural, economic and educational centre of south India.

Being my second home, the city is facing an acute water shortage now (June 2019). Chennai is entirely dependent on ground water resources to meet its water needs. There are four reservoirs in the city, namely, Red Hills, Cholavaram, Poondi and Chembarambakkam, with a combined capacity of 11,057 mcft. These are the major sources of fresh water for the city.

Apart from the reservoirs, the other sources of fresh water water are desalination plants at Nemelli and Minjur; aquifers in Neyveli, Minjur and Panchetty; Cauvery water from Veeranam lake;

Here is an attempt to put together a dataset that has the information about the various water sources available in the city.

Content

This dataset has details about the water availability in the four main reservoirs over the last 15 years

• Poondi
• Cholavaram
• Redhills
• Chembarambakkam

The data is available on a daily basis and the unit is million cubic feet.

I am planning to add other data like water availability from Veeranam lake, rainfall levels etc.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewage Board, the data is obtained from their site.

Photo by Erda Estremera on Unsplash

Inspiration

The idea is to see if we can use this dataset to

1. Visualize the water need / usage of the city
2. Identify whether the water sources availability will be able to meet the needs till the subsequent monsoon?
3. How bad is the current water crisis compared to previous years?