As of May 2024, a total of *** million Indian migrants were estimated to live in the United States of America, followed by over ***** million in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). India has over ** million overseas Indians living across the world.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) had over *** million overseas Indians residing in the country as of May 2024. Saudi Arabia had the second-highest Indian population among other GCC countries. ** percent of overseas Indians reside in GCC countries. GCC, or the Gulf Cooperation Council, is a group of six nations – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain.

As of 2024, over ** million Indians were living across the world. Of this population, over ** million were non-resident Indians (NRIs) and the rest were persons of Indian origin (PIO). Indians form the largest diaspora in the world.  Non-Resident Indians An NRI is an Indian citizen living abroad indefinitely for employment, education, business, or other reasons. If an individual spends less than *** days in a financial year in India, they qualify as an NRI. NRIs can vote in India if they are physically present in their constituency during the voting period. However, NRIs are subject to different tax and investment regulations than Indian citizens. Persons of Indian Origin Persons of Indian origin refer to people who at some point held Indian citizenship or have Indian ancestry, with some exceptions. The Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is granted as a lifelong and multipurpose visa to people of Indian origin. It does not confer political rights, but those with this visa enjoy parity with NRIs in economic, financial, and educational benefits such as the acquisition of property (with exceptions), admission to educational institutions, and eligibility for certain housing schemes.

Kati Roll Restaurant Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Kati Roll Restaurant market size reached USD 1.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a robust CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period, reaching a value of USD 3.34 billion by 2033. The market’s expansion is being propelled by the growing popularity of Indian street foods worldwide, rising urbanization, and evolving consumer preferences for convenient, flavorful, and customizable food options. As per our comprehensive analysis, the Kati Roll Restaurant market is experiencing significant traction, particularly in metropolitan areas and among younger demographics, owing to its versatility and adaptability to various dietary preferences.

One of the key growth factors for the Kati Roll Restaurant market is the increasing globalization of food culture, which has led to a surge in demand for ethnic and fusion cuisines. The Kati roll, originally a street food staple from Kolkata, India, has gained immense popularity across international markets due to its portability, unique flavor profiles, and ability to cater to a wide range of taste preferences. This trend is further reinforced by the proliferation of food-focused social media content and food delivery platforms, which have amplified the visibility of Kati rolls and encouraged experimentation among food enthusiasts. As more consumers seek novel culinary experiences, Kati roll restaurants are well-positioned to capture this growing demand by offering innovative menu options and convenient service formats.

Another significant driver is the rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles in both developed and emerging economies. Urban consumers are increasingly seeking quick, affordable, and nutritious meal options that fit their fast-paced routines, and Kati roll restaurants are adept at meeting this need. The adoption of quick service restaurant (QSR) models, cloud kitchens, and food trucks has enabled Kati roll brands to efficiently scale their operations and reach a broader customer base. Additionally, the integration of technology for online ordering, digital payments, and loyalty programs has enhanced customer engagement and streamlined service delivery, further fueling market growth. The market is also witnessing a shift towards healthier and more sustainable menu offerings, with several brands introducing vegan, gluten-free, and organic Kati roll variants to appeal to health-conscious consumers.

The expansion of the Kati Roll Restaurant market is also being supported by favorable investment trends and franchise opportunities. Investors are increasingly recognizing the potential of ethnic fast-casual dining concepts, leading to a rise in funding for Kati roll chains and startups. Franchise models are enabling rapid geographic expansion, particularly in regions with significant Indian diaspora populations and urban millennial consumers. Strategic partnerships with food aggregators, cloud kitchen operators, and local suppliers are further enhancing market penetration and operational efficiency. As competition intensifies, Kati roll restaurants are focusing on brand differentiation through creative marketing, menu innovation, and superior customer service to sustain long-term growth.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific continues to dominate the Kati Roll Restaurant market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by North America and Europe. The Asia Pacific region benefits from a rich culinary heritage, high population density, and a thriving street food culture, which collectively drive strong demand for Kati rolls. North America, particularly the United States and Canada, is witnessing rapid market growth due to increasing multiculturalism, the proliferation of Indian restaurants, and rising consumer interest in global cuisines. Europe is also emerging as a key market, with cities like London and Berlin experiencing a surge in Kati roll outlets, driven by a diverse population and growing food tourism. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are gradually embracing the Kati roll trend, supported by urbanization and expanding foodservice sectors.

Frozen Indian Meals Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global Frozen Indian Meals market size reached USD 2.8 billion in 2024, registering a robust year-on-year growth, and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 7.2% through the forecast period. By 2033, the market is expected to attain a value of USD 5.2 billion. The market’s expansion is primarily driven by the rising demand for convenient, authentic ethnic cuisine, increased urbanization, and evolving consumer lifestyles that favor ready-to-eat meal solutions.

One of the most significant growth factors for the Frozen Indian Meals market is the ongoing globalization of food preferences. Consumers around the world are increasingly seeking diverse and flavorful meal options, and Indian cuisine, renowned for its rich spices and complex flavors, has become a popular choice. The proliferation of Indian restaurants and the influence of Indian culture through media and migration have further heightened awareness and demand for Indian food products. As a result, manufacturers are responding with innovative frozen meal offerings that maintain authentic taste while ensuring convenience, thus capturing a larger share of the global ready-meals category.

Another key driver is the growing urban population and the consequent shift in lifestyles, particularly among working professionals and students. The fast-paced urban life often leaves little time for elaborate cooking, making frozen Indian meals an attractive alternative. These products offer not only time-saving benefits but also consistent quality and extended shelf life, which are crucial for urban dwellers with demanding schedules. Additionally, the growing penetration of modern retail formats and e-commerce platforms has made these products more accessible, further propelling market growth.

Health and wellness trends are also shaping the trajectory of the Frozen Indian Meals market. With rising health consciousness, there is a surging demand for clean-label, preservative-free, and nutritionally balanced frozen meals. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on launching vegan, gluten-free, and low-calorie variants to cater to a broader consumer base. The incorporation of advanced freezing technologies ensures that the nutritional integrity and flavor profile of Indian meals are preserved, making them an appealing choice for health-conscious consumers who do not want to compromise on taste or convenience.

Regionally, North America and Europe are witnessing substantial growth in the Frozen Indian Meals market due to the presence of a large Indian diaspora and the growing popularity of Indian cuisine among native populations. The Asia Pacific region, particularly India, remains a dominant market due to rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and changing dietary habits. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging as promising markets, driven by expanding retail networks and increasing multicultural exposure. Each region presents unique opportunities and challenges, shaping the strategic direction of market players.

Product Type Analysis

The Product Type segment of the Frozen Indian Meals market is broadly categorized into Vegetarian Meals, Non-Vegetarian Meals, Vegan Meals, Snacks & Appetizers, and Others. Vegetarian meals dominate the segment, accounting for a significant share due to the high prevalence of vegetarianism in India and among the global Indian diaspora. These meals typically include dishes such as paneer tikka masala, chana masala, dal makhani, and various vegetable curries. The consistent demand for vegetarian options is further bolstered by the rising popularity of plant-based diets worldwide, as well as religious and cultural preferences.

Non-vegetarian frozen Indian meals, featuring chicken, lamb, and seafood dishes, are witnessing accelerated growth, especially in regions like North America

Sikhism is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent during the fifteenth century. Sikhs follow the teachings of 'gurus', who descend from the first guru Guru Naruk who established the faith. Followers of Sikhism are monotheists, believing in only one god, and other core beliefs include the need to meditate, the importance of community and communal living, and the need to serve humanity selflessly (or 'seva'). Sikhism and the British Empire In total, there are around 26 million Sikhs worldwide, and over 24 million of these live in India. Outside of India, the largest Sikh populations are mostly found in former territories of the British Empire - the UK and Canada both have Sikh populations of over half a million people. Migration from India to other parts of the British Empire was high in the 19th century, due to the labor demands of relatively newer colonies, as well as those where slavery had been abolished. These countries also remain popular destinations for Sikh migrants today, as many are highly trained and English-speaking. Other regions with significant Sikh populations Italy also has a sizeable Sikh population, as many migrated there after serving there in the British Army during WWI, and they are now heavily represented in Italy's dairy industry. The Sikh population of Saudi Arabia is also reflective of the fact that the largest Indian diaspora in the world can now be found in the Middle East - this is due to the labor demands of the fossil fuel industries and their associated secondary industries, although a large share of Indians in this part of the world are there on a temporary basis.

In agreement with historical documentation, several genetic studies have revealed ancestral links between the European Romani and India. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 27 Spanish Romani was sequenced in order to shed further light on the origins of this population. The data were analyzed together with a large published dataset (mainly hypervariable region I [HVS-I] haplotypes) of Romani (N = 1,353) and non-Romani worldwide populations (N>150,000). Analysis of mitogenomes allowed the characterization of various Romani-specific clades. M5a1b1a1 is the most distinctive European Romani haplogroup; it is present in all Romani groups at variable frequencies (with only sporadic findings in non-Romani) and represents 18% of their mtDNA pool. Its phylogeographic features indicate that M5a1b1a1 originated 1.5 thousand years ago (kya; 95% CI: 1.3–1.8) in a proto-Romani population living in Northwest India. U3 represents the most characteristic Romani haplogroup of European/Near Eastern origin (12.4%); it appears at dissimilar frequencies across the continent (Iberia: ∼31%; Eastern/Central Europe: ∼13%). All U3 mitogenomes of our Iberian Romani sample fall within a new sub-clade, U3b1c, which can be dated to 0.5 kya (95% CI: 0.3–0.7); therefore, signaling a lower bound for the founder event that followed admixture in Europe/Near East. Other minor European/Near Eastern haplogroups (e.g. H24, H88a) were also assimilated into the Romani by introgression with neighboring populations during their diaspora into Europe; yet some show a differentiation from the phylogenetically closest non-Romani counterpart. The phylogeny of Romani mitogenomes shows clear signatures of low effective population sizes and founder effects. Overall, these results are in good agreement with historical documentation, suggesting that cultural identity and relative isolation have allowed the Romani to preserve a distinctive mtDNA heritage, with some features linking them unequivocally to their ancestral Indian homeland.

IMP! Data of 10 Indian Jewish (Cochin Jew) samples for academic use only. The data is generated on Affymatrix 6.0 platform.The data files are in PLINK binary ped (bed) file format.If you want to use the data please send an email to thangs@ccmb.res.in with a copy to gyanc@ebc.ee by following statements-• I agree that I'll use these data only for research purposes.• I'll make no commercial use of these data.• I'll not transfer these data, in whole or in part, to anyone other than persons in my own research group. • I understand internationally-accepted policies of responsible use of data for research and data-sharing, and shall abide by these policies.• I'll not use this data for medical related analysis.• I agree that I'll not use the dataset, either independently or in combination with any other genetic or non-genetic information, to (a) identify or contact individual participants, or (b) identify or contact individuals who may be related to the participants.

Mango Lassi Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Mango Lassi market size reached USD 1.34 billion in 2024, reflecting robust consumer demand driven by shifting dietary preferences and a growing appreciation for traditional ethnic beverages worldwide. The market is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 7.5% over the forecast period, with projections indicating the market will reach USD 2.56 billion by 2033. This impressive growth is primarily attributed to rising health consciousness, the increasing popularity of functional beverages, and the expanding footprint of Indian cuisine in global markets.

One of the principal growth factors for the Mango Lassi market is the rising trend of health and wellness among consumers globally. Mango Lassi, a yogurt-based drink, is widely recognized for its probiotic content, which aids digestion and supports gut health. As consumers become increasingly aware of the benefits of probiotics and natural ingredients, there has been a notable shift away from carbonated and sugary beverages toward healthier alternatives. Furthermore, the inclusion of mango, a fruit rich in vitamins A and C, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, enhances the beverage's nutritional profile, making it an attractive choice for health-conscious individuals. This trend is particularly evident among younger demographics and urban populations, who are actively seeking out drinks that align with their wellness goals.

Another significant driver is the globalization of food and beverage choices, with Indian cuisine gaining widespread popularity in North America, Europe, and beyond. The Mango Lassi, once a staple in South Asian households and restaurants, is now a familiar offering in international cafes, specialty stores, and even mainstream supermarkets. This cultural diffusion has been propelled by the growing diaspora population and the increasing number of consumers eager to explore diverse culinary experiences. The beverage's unique blend of sweet and tangy flavors, creamy texture, and refreshing qualities have contributed to its broad appeal. Additionally, foodservice operators are incorporating Mango Lassi into their menus as a differentiator, further boosting its visibility and consumption outside traditional markets.

Product innovation and premiumization are also fueling market expansion. Manufacturers are introducing new variants such as low-fat, flavored, and organic Mango Lassi to cater to evolving consumer preferences. These innovations are often accompanied by attractive packaging and convenient formats, such as ready-to-drink bottles and single-serve cartons, which enhance portability and shelf life. The surge in online retail and direct-to-consumer channels has further amplified accessibility, enabling brands to reach a wider audience and offer customized options. This dynamic environment encourages both established players and new entrants to invest in R&D and marketing, driving competition and fostering a vibrant marketplace.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific continues to dominate the Mango Lassi market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, owing to the deep-rooted cultural significance of the beverage in India, Pakistan, and neighboring countries. North America and Europe are emerging as high-growth regions, driven by increasing multiculturalism, rising disposable incomes, and a growing appetite for exotic flavors. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are witnessing steady growth as the beverage gains traction among health-conscious consumers and expatriate communities. The regional landscape is further shaped by local production capabilities, distribution networks, and regulatory frameworks, all of which influence market penetration and growth trajectories.

Product Type Analysis

The Mango Lassi market is segmented by product type into Traditional Mango Lassi, Flavored Mango Lassi, Low-Fat Mango Lassi, and Others. Traditional Mango Lassi remains the most popular variant, particularly in regions with a strong cultural affinity for the beverage. This segment is

As of 2024, Romanians were Italy's largest foreign population, with over one million Romanians living in Italy during the period considered. Albania and Morocco followed with 416,000 and 412,000 people, respectively. From a regional perspective, the Northern regions had the largest foreign population. Lombardy had some 1.1 million foreign residents, the largest in the country.

In 2020/21 there were approximately 696,000 Polish nationals living in the United Kingdom, the highest non-British population at this time. Indian and Irish were the joint second-largest nationalities at approximately 370,000 people.

As of 2024, there were a total of over *** million Indians living in the United Arab Emirates. Out of this population, the majority were Non-Resident Indians.

The largest number of immigrants in Germany were from Ukraine, as of 2023. The top three origin countries were rounded up by Romania and Turkey. Immigrants are defined as having left a country, which may be their home country, to permanently reside in another. Upon arriving, immigrants do not hold the citizenship of the country they move to. Immigration in the EU All three aforementioned countries are members of the European Union, which means their citizens have freedom of movement between EU member states. In practice, this means that citizens of any EU member country may relocate between them to live and work there. Unrestricted by visas or residence permits, the search for university courses, jobs, retirement options, and places to live seems to be defined by an enormous amount of choice. However, even in this freedom of movement scheme, immigration may be hampered by bureaucratic hurdles or financial challenges. Prosperity with a question mark While Germany continues to be an attractive destination for foreigners both in and outside the European Union, as well as asylum applicants, it remains to be seen how current events might influence these patterns, whether the number of immigrants arriving from certain countries will shift. Europe’s largest economy is suffering. Climbing inflation levels in the last few months, as well as remaining difficulties from the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic are affecting global economic development. Ultimately, future immigrants may face the fact of moving from one struggling economy to another.

Delhi had over ** percent of the external migrant population, the highest among all states in India. Himachal Pradesh and Punjab followed it with over * percent share each.

According to a survey conducted in 2020, ** percent of Indian Americans in the United States said that they identified as Hindu while ** percent said that they identified as Muslim. A further **** percent said that they identified with no religion in particular.

In 2011, 87.2 percent of the total population of the United Kingdom were white British. A positive net migration in recent years combined with the resultant international relationships following the wide-reaching former British Empire has contributed to an increasingly diverse population.

Varied ethnic backgrounds

Black British citizens, with African and/or African-Caribbean ancestry, are the largest ethnic minority population, at three percent of the total population. Indian Britons are one of the largest overseas communities of the Indian diaspora and make up 2.3 percent of the total UK population. Pakistani British citizens, who make up almost two percent of the UK population, have one of the highest levels of home ownership in Britain.

Racism in the United Kingdom

Though it has decreased in comparison to the previous century, the UK has seen an increase in racial prejudice during the first decade and a half of this century. Racism and discrimination continues to be part of daily life for Britain’s ethnic minorities, especially in terms of work, housing, and health issues. Moreover, the number of hate crimes motivated by race reported since 2012 has increased, and in 2017/18, there were 3,368 recorded offenses of racially or religiously aggravated assault with injury, almost a thousand more than in 2013/14.