This statistic shows the number of Aboriginal peoples in Canada in 2016, by province or territory. There were 236,680 Aboriginal people in Ontario, Canada in 2016.

Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Atlantic region, Central provinces, Western provinces, Indigenous population (First Nations or Métis) and Non-Indigenous population, sex, and age group, last 5 years.

The projected population of the Indigenous population by projection scenario.

In the period 2017 to 2020, it was found that around 25 percent of First Nations people in Alberta living off reserve did not have a regular health care provider. In comparison, 15 percent of non-indigenous people in Alberta did not have a regular health care provider. This statistic shows the percentage of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and non-Indigenous people in Canada without a regular health care provider from 2017 to 2020, by province.

This statistic shows the median age of the First Nations and non-Aboriginal populations in Canada in 2011, by province or territory. The median age of the First Nations population in Ontario, Canada in 2011 was 30 years old.

The provide detailed statistical tables for 18 scenarios by single year of the projection period (2001 to 2017). For each of the scenarios, data are available for persons who identify with each of the following three groups: the North American Indian population, the Métis or the Inuit. All three groups were projected separately for each of the ten provinces and three territories. However, the subprovincial and subterritorial level shown for the three groups varies as it depends on the groups' size. For the North American Indians, future numbers were calculated for the urban parts of all census metropolitan areas (CMAs), urban areas outside CMAs, rural areas and reserves. For the Métis, places of residence were grouped into urban parts of CMAs, urban areas outside CMAs and rural areas, which also include reserves. Because of their relatively small size, the Inuit population was projected separately for urban and rural locations only. This information is further broken down by age and sex. The 18 scenarios, as well as scenario-specific assumptions on the future trend in fertility and internal migration, are presented in the table below. In addition to these two components of population growth, all scenarios assumed declining mortality and negligible importance of international migration to the change of the size of three Aboriginal groups. The statistical tables of this CD-ROM are organized into three sections: Aboriginal groups - The projected population by Aboriginal group, type of residence, province/territory and sex for the 18 scenarios by single year from 2001 to 2017; Age and sex - The projected population by Aboriginal group, type of residence, age group and sex for the 18 scenarios by single year from 2001 to 2017; and Province/territory - The projected total Aboriginal population by province/territory, age group, sex and type of residence for the 18 scenarios for 2001 and 2017. The statistical tables are supplementary to the publication Projections of the Aboriginal populations, Canada, provinces and territories: 2001 to 2017 (catalogue no. 91-547).

Employment by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous population, National Occupational Classification (NOC), Eastern and central provinces and Western provinces (the Prairie region of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and British Columbia), and age group, last 5 years.

Indigenous population - by region (data starting in January 88)

Overview of educational characteristics of Indigenous populations in census divisions and large municipalities, with percent distribution of highest certificate, diploma or degree.

Ten percent of Canadians belonging neither to a visible minority nor to the indigenous population (First Nations and Métis) were living in low-income in 2021. This proportion was much higher among the Indigenous population, especially in the province of Ontario (20.1 percent compared with nine percent). In addition, while visible minorities were proportionally less likely to live in low income than Indigenous people, a quarter of them did so in the province of Prince Edwards Island.

Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by province, Atlantic region, Indigenous and Non-Indigenous population, sex, and age group, last 5 years.

Employment by Eastern and central provinces, Western provinces, Prairie region, Indigenous and Non-Indigenous population, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), and age group, last 5 years.

The provide detailed statistical tables for 18 scenarios by single year of the projection period (2001 to 2017). For each of the scenarios, data are available for persons who identify with each of the following three groups: the North American Indian population, the Métis or the Inuit. All three groups were projected separately for each of the ten provinces and three territories. However, the subprovincial and subterritorial level shown for the three groups varies as it depends on the groups' size. For the North American Indians, future numbers were calculated for the urban parts of all census metropolitan areas (CMAs), urban areas outside CMAs, rural areas and reserves. For the Métis, places of residence were grouped into urban parts of CMAs, urban areas outside CMAs and rural areas, which also include reserves. Because of their relatively small size, the Inuit population was projected separately for urban and rural locations only. This information is further broken down by age and sex. The 18 scenarios, as well as scenario-specific assumptions on the future trend in fertility and internal migration, are presented in the table below. In addition to these two components of population growth, all scenarios assumed declining mortality and negligible importance of international migration to the change of the size of three Aboriginal groups. The statistical tables of this CD-ROM are organized into three sections: Aboriginal groups - The projected population by Aboriginal group, type of residence, province/territory and sex for the 18 scenarios by single year from 2001 to 2017; Age and sex - The projected population by Aboriginal group, type of residence, age group and sex for the 18 scenarios by single year from 2001 to 2017; and Province/territory - The projected total Aboriginal population by province/territory, age group, sex and type of residence for the 18 scenarios for 2001 and 2017. The statistical tables are supplementary to the publication Projections of the Aboriginal populations, Canada, provinces and territories: 2001 to 2017 (catalogue no. 91-547).

Canada's most populous province, Ontario, had 188 315 Aboriginal people in 2001, the highest absolute number. However, they accounted for less than 2% of its total population. Second was British Columbia with 170 025, or 4.4% of its population. As in previous censuses, the highest concentrations of Aboriginal population in 2001 were in the North and on the Prairies.

Prior to the arrival of European explorers in the Americas in 1492, it is estimated that the population of the continent was around sixty million people. Over the next two centuries, most scholars agree that the indigenous population fell to just ten percent of its pre-colonization level, primarily due to the Old World diseases (namely smallpox) brought to the New World by Europeans and African slaves, as well as through violence and famine.

Distribution

It is thought that the most densely populated region of the Americas was in the fertile Mexican valley, home to over one third of the entire continent, including several Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztec empire. While the mid-estimate shows a population of over 21 million before European arrival, one estimate suggests that there were just 730,000 people of indigenous descent in Mexico in 1620, just one hundred years after Cortes' arrival. Estimates also suggest that the Andes, home to the Incas, was the second most-populous region in the Americas, while North America (in this case, the region north of the Rio Grande river) may have been the most sparsely populated region. There is some contention as to the size of the pre-Columbian populations in the Caribbean, as the mass genocides, forced relocation, and pandemics that followed in the early stages of Spanish colonization make it difficult to predict these numbers.

Varying estimates Estimating the indigenous populations of the Americas has proven to be a challenge and point of contention for modern historians. Totals from reputable sources range from 8.4 million people to 112.55 million, and while both of these totals were published in the 1930s and 1960s respectively, their continued citation proves the ambiguity surrounding this topic. European settlers' records from the 15th to 17th centuries have also created challenges, due to their unrealistic population predictions and inaccurate methodologies (for example, many early settlers only counted the number of warriors in each civilization). Nonetheless, most modern historians use figures close to those given in the "Middle estimate" shown here, with similar distributions by region.

In the period March 2020 to May 2021, it was found that around 31 percent of First Nations people in Canada living off reserve had a consultation or treatment from a family doctor or nurse practitioner cancelled, rescheduled, or delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This statistic shows the percentage of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and non-Indigenous people in Canada who had health care services cancelled, rescheduled, or delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Data on long-form data quality indicators for 2021 Census Indigenous peoples’ content, Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions.

This statistic shows the share of Aboriginal respondents who hunted, fished, trapped or gathered wild plants in Canada in 2012, by region. Over sixty-five percent of Aboriginal inhabitants of Nunavut hunted, fished or trapped in Canada in 2012.

Indigenous identity by gender and age for the population in private households which includes counts, percentage distribution and percentage change from the 2011 National Household Survey, and the 2016 and 2021 censuses.

There were over one million registered Indians in Canada as of December 2020. The region with the largest Indian population was Ontario, with 222 thousand, followed by Manitoba, which counted 164 thousand Indians. The regions with the smallest Indian populations were Yukon, and Northwest Territories.