In 2023, over 87 percent of Indonesians declared themselves to be Muslim, followed by 7.4 percent who were Christians. Indonesia has the largest Islamic population in the world and for this reason is often recognized as a Muslim nation. However, Indonesia is not a Muslim nation according to its constitution. The archipelago is a multifaith country and officially recognizes six religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

Not all provinces in Indonesia are Muslim majority
The spread of Islam in Indonesia began on the west side of the archipelago, where the main maritime trade routes were located. Until today, most of the Indonesian Muslim population are residing in Western and Central Indonesia, while the majority religion of several provinces in Eastern Indonesia, such as East Nusa Tenggara and Bali, is Christian and Hindu, respectively.

Discrimination towards other beliefs in Indonesia The Indonesian constitution provides for freedom of religion. However, the Government Restrictions Index Score on religion in Indonesia is relatively high. Indonesians who practice unrecognized religions, including Indonesia’s indigenous or traditional belief systems, such as animism, dynamism, and totemism, face legal restrictions and discrimination. Indonesian law requires its citizens to put one of the recognized religions on their national identity cards, with some exceptions for indigenous religions. Although legally citizens may leave the section blank, atheism or agnosticism is considered uncommon in Indonesia.

According to the population census data in 2010, 54.14 percent of the population in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia were Catholics. East Nusa Tenggara is the province with the least Muslim population in Indonesia. Indonesia has the largest Islamic population in the world. However, Indonesia is a multi-faith country that recognizes six official religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

As of 2021, approximately 98.6 percent of the population in Aceh, Indonesia were Muslims. Despite being the largest Muslim-majority country, Indonesia is a multi-faith country by the constitution and officially recognizes six religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

In 2023, approximately 244.4 million people in Indonesia identified as Muslims. Indonesia has the largest Islamic population in the world. However, it is a multi-faith country and officially recognizes six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

In 2022, there were approximately 48 million Muslims in West Java, making it the province with the largest Muslim population in Indonesia. It was followed by East Java, where the Muslim population reached around 40 million.

A 2022 survey found that all respondents in Indonesia believed in God or unseen beings, and around 98 percent considered religion very important in their lives. Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world. However, it is not a Muslim nation by constitution. The country recognizes six official religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism.

In 2021, around 86.8 percent of the population in Bali were Hindus. Indonesia has the largest Islamic population in the world and therefore the largest Muslim nation. However, Indonesia is not a Muslim nation by constitution. The archipelago has six official religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

According to the population census data in 2010, 18.64 percent of Buddhist population in Indonesia resided in Jakarta, making it the province where the largest Buddhist population in Indonesia lived. Indonesia has the largest Islamic population in the world and therefore the largest Muslim nation. However, Indonesia is not a Muslim nation by constitution. The archipelago has six official religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 104 million male Muslims in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the female Muslim population was slightly lower, at nearly 103 million. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 20 million Muslims aged five to nine years in Indonesia, making it the largest age group among the country's Muslim population. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

In 2023, it was estimated that approximately 87 percent of the Indonesian population were Muslim, accounting for the highest share of Muslims in any Southeast Asian country. Indonesia also has the world's largest Muslim population, with an estimated 229 million Muslims.

Demographics of Indonesia

The total population of Indonesia was estimated to reach around 290 million in 2028. The median age of the population in the country was at an all-time high in 2020 and was projected to increase continuously until the end of the century. In 2020, the population density in Indonesia reached its highest value recorded at about 145.7 people per square kilometer.

Shopping behavior during Ramadan in Indonesia

Nearly all Muslims in Indonesia celebrated Ramadan in 2022. During the month of Ramadan, 60 percent of Indonesian users utilized online applications to order food. Many Indonesians planned to shop online or offline during Ramadan, with around 76 percent of online users planning to purchase fashion wear and accessories. Shopee was the most used app for shopping purposes during that period.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 3.47 million female Catholics in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the male Catholic population was slightly lower, at around 3.44 million. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 364,129 Hindus aged five to nine years in Indonesia, making it the largest age group among the country's Hindu population. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 788,072 Catholics aged five to nine years in Indonesia, making it the largest age group among the country's Catholic population. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 2.01 million male Hindus in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the female Hindu population was slightly lower, at nearly two million. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 1.5 million Buddhists in urban areas in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the Buddhist population in rural areas was significantly lower, at around 202,779. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were 869,097 male Buddhists in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the female Buddhist population was slightly lower, at 834,157. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 153,338 Buddhists aged 25 to 29 years in Indonesia, making it the largest age group among the country's Buddhist population. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

The 2010 census recorded that there were approximately 9.4 million Protestants in rural areas in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the Protestant population in urban areas was lower, at around 7.12 million. Indonesia conducts its census every ten years. Detailed demographic breakdowns by religion from the 2020 census are not yet publicly available.

In 2022, there were over 3.7 million Hindus in Bali, making it the province with the largest Hindu population in Indonesia. In comparison, the Hindu population in Central Kalimantan was 150,136.