According to forecast data from Tellusant, approximately 66.8 percent of the Indonesian population in 2024 would earn at least the equivalent of the top 40 percent of global earners in 2022 constant purchasing power parity. Meanwhile, around 1.5 percent of the population were considered high-class consumers, earning the equivalent of the top ten percent of global earners in 2022 constant purchasing power parity.

In 2024, the number of people living in the middle class and above in Indonesia amounted to over 186.9 million. In Brunei, over 455.8 thousand people were middle class and above, accounting for 100 percent of the country's population that year.

In 2020, the estimated size of the middle class population in the six selected Southeast Asian countries Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam amounted to around 200 million. That year, approximately 80 million people of Indonesia's total population were part of the middle class.

By the middle of the 1990s, Indonesia had enjoyed over three decades of remarkable social, economic, and demographic change and was on the cusp of joining the middle-income countries. Per capita income had risen more than fifteenfold since the early 1960s, from around US$50 to more than US$800. Increases in educational attainment and decreases in fertility and infant mortality over the same period reflected impressive investments in infrastructure. In the late 1990s the economic outlook began to change as Indonesia was gripped by the economic crisis that affected much of Asia. In 1998 the rupiah collapsed, the economy went into a tailspin, and gross domestic product contracted by an estimated 12-15%-a decline rivaling the magnitude of the Great Depression. The general trend of several decades of economic progress followed by a few years of economic downturn masks considerable variation across the archipelago in the degree both of economic development and of economic setbacks related to the crisis. In part this heterogeneity reflects the great cultural and ethnic diversity of Indonesia, which in turn makes it a rich laboratory for research on a number of individual- and household-level behaviors and outcomes that interest social scientists. The Indonesia Family Life Survey is designed to provide data for studying behaviors and outcomes. The survey contains a wealth of information collected at the individual and household levels, including multiple indicators of economic and non-economic well-being: consumption, income, assets, education, migration, labor market outcomes, marriage, fertility, contraceptive use, health status, use of health care and health insurance, relationships among co-resident and non- resident family members, processes underlying household decision-making, transfers among family members and participation in community activities. In addition to individual- and household-level information, the IFLS provides detailed information from the communities in which IFLS households are located and from the facilities that serve residents of those communities. These data cover aspects of the physical and social environment, infrastructure, employment opportunities, food prices, access to health and educational facilities, and the quality and prices of services available at those facilities. By linking data from IFLS households to data from their communities, users can address many important questions regarding the impact of policies on the lives of the respondents, as well as document the effects of social, economic, and environmental change on the population. The Indonesia Family Life Survey complements and extends the existing survey data available for Indonesia, and for developing countries in general, in a number of ways. First, relatively few large-scale longitudinal surveys are available for developing countries. IFLS is the only large-scale longitudinal survey available for Indonesia. Because data are available for the same individuals from multiple points in time, IFLS affords an opportunity to understand the dynamics of behavior, at the individual, household and family and community levels. In IFLS1 7,224 households were interviewed, and detailed individual-level data were collected from over 22,000 individuals. In IFLS2, 94.4% of IFLS1 households were re-contacted (interviewed or died). In IFLS3 the re-contact rate was 95.3% of IFLS1 households. Indeed nearly 91% of IFLS1 households are complete panel households in that they were interviewed in all three waves, IFLS1, 2 and 3. These re-contact rates are as high as or higher than most longitudinal surveys in the United States and Europe. High re-interview rates were obtained in part because we were committed to tracking and interviewing individuals who had moved or split off from the origin IFLS1 households. High re-interview rates contribute significantly to data quality in a longitudinal survey because they lessen the risk of bias due to nonrandom attrition in studies using the data. Second, the multipurpose nature of IFLS instruments means that the data support analyses of interrelated issues not possible with single-purpose surveys. For example, the availability of data on household consumption together with detailed individual data on labor market outcomes, health outcomes and on health program availability and quality at the community level means that one can examine the impact of income on health outcomes, but also whether health in turn affects incomes. Third, IFLS collected both current and retrospective information on most topics. With data from multiple points of time on current status and an extensive array of retrospective information about the lives of respondents, analysts can relate dynamics to events that occurred in the past. For example, changes in labor outcomes in recent years can be explored as a function of earlier decisions about schooling and work. Fourth, IFLS collected extensive measures of health status, including self-reported measures of general health status, morbidity experience, and physical assessments conducted by a nurse (height, weight, head circumference, blood pressure, pulse, waist and hip circumference, hemoglobin level, lung capacity, and time required to repeatedly rise from a sitting position). These data provide a much richer picture of health status than is typically available in household surveys. For example, the data can be used to explore relationships between socioeconomic status and an array of health outcomes. Fifth, in all waves of the survey, detailed data were collected about respondents¹ communities and public and private facilities available for their health care and schooling. The facility data can be combined with household and individual data to examine the relationship between, for example, access to health services (or changes in access) and various aspects of health care use and health status. Sixth, because the waves of IFLS span the period from several years before the economic crisis hit Indonesia, to just prior to it hitting, to one year and then three years after, extensive research can be carried out regarding the living conditions of Indonesian households during this very tumultuous period. In sum, the breadth and depth of the longitudinal information on individuals, households, communities, and facilities make IFLS data a unique resource for scholars and policymakers interested in the processes of economic development.

In 2016, there were around 115 million aspiring middle class, with an average monthly spending between 1.2 to six million Indonesian rupiah, recorded in Indonesia. Meanwhile, there were about 28 million Indonesians, who were still living below poverty line. The growing middle class signifies that the economy in Indonesia is heading in a better direction.

Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports) in Indonesia was reported at 1.8108 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Merchandise exports to developing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Pendapatan Bulanan Indonesia dilaporkan sebesar 187 USD pada 2024. Rekor ini turun dibanding sebelumnya yaitu 190 USD untuk 2023. Data Pendapatan Bulanan Indonesia diperbarui tahunan, dengan rata-rata 103 USD dari 1991 sampai 2024, dengan 33 observasi. Data ini mencapai angka tertinggi sebesar 192 USD pada 2022 dan rekor terendah sebesar 34 USD pada 1998. Data Pendapatan Bulanan Indonesia tetap berstatus aktif di CEIC dan dilaporkan oleh CEIC Data. Data dikategorikan dalam Global Economic Monitor World Trend Plus – Table: Monthly Earnings: USD: Annual.

Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) in Indonesia was reported at 39.68 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Indonesia - Merchandise imports from developing economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on February of 2025.

In G20 countries, the share of the population that earned at least the equivalent of the highest 10 percent of global income earners as of 2022 in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms varies from over two thirds in Australia to only 1.5 percent in Indonesia. The United States recorded the second-highest upper-class share of the G20 countries. However, looking at for instance China, approximately 80 percent of the population counts as middle class or above, whereas just eight percent counts as upper class or higher.

Mainstreaming Islam in Indonesia : television, identity, and the middle class is a book. It was written by Inaya Rakhmani and published by Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan in 2016.

The Indonesian construction industry, valued at $284.17 million in 2025, exhibits robust growth potential, projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.50% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, significant government investment in infrastructure development, particularly in transportation projects like roads, railways, and ports, fuels substantial demand. Secondly, a growing population and rising urbanization necessitate the construction of new residential and commercial buildings, contributing to market expansion. Finally, the energy and utilities sector is undergoing significant upgrades and expansions, creating further opportunities for construction companies. Major players like Adhi Karya, Waskita Karya, and Samsung C&T are key beneficiaries of these trends, competing for large-scale projects. However, challenges remain. These include potential fluctuations in government spending, material cost volatility influenced by global commodity prices, and a need for skilled labor to meet the increasing demand. The industry's segmentation reflects these drivers, with commercial, residential, industrial, infrastructure (transportation), and energy & utilities construction sectors all contributing significantly to the overall market size. The consistent growth trajectory indicates a promising outlook for the Indonesian construction industry, albeit one subject to ongoing economic and logistical considerations. The forecast period of 2025-2033 presents considerable opportunities for both domestic and international construction firms. Growth within the residential sector is expected to outpace other segments due to rapid urbanization and a burgeoning middle class. Industrial construction will also see significant growth fueled by foreign direct investment and the expansion of manufacturing activities. Infrastructure projects, funded by both public and private sectors, will remain a crucial driver of overall market expansion. Strategic partnerships between local and international companies will play a vital role in leveraging expertise and resources to successfully navigate the market's dynamics. Furthermore, embracing sustainable construction practices and integrating innovative technologies will become increasingly crucial for companies to gain a competitive edge. Careful management of risks associated with regulatory changes, labor availability, and material costs will be essential for long-term success in this dynamic and expanding market. This report provides a detailed analysis of the Indonesian construction industry, offering invaluable insights for investors, businesses, and policymakers. With a focus on the period 2019-2033, including a base year of 2025 and a forecast period spanning 2025-2033, this study delves into market dynamics, key players, and future trends. The report utilizes high-search-volume keywords like "Indonesia construction market," "Indonesian infrastructure development," "Indonesian construction industry forecast," and "Southeast Asia construction," to ensure maximum online visibility. Key drivers for this market are: Government Policies and Regulatory Support, Tourism and Hospitality Sector Growth. Potential restraints include: Financial and Funding Challenges. Notable trends are: Growth of Infrastructural Plans Drives the Construction Market In Indonesia.

In 2024, 100 percent of Brunei's population were middle class or above. Singapore followed, with around 98.7 percent of its population being considered middle class or above. In contrast, 15.7 percent of Myanmar's population earned the equivalent of the top 40 percent of global earners that year.

Indonesia textiles market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 5.80% during 2024-2032. Rapid economic growth and urbanization across the country, rising middle class with inflating disposable incomes, emerging fashion and e-commerce sectors, and ongoing innovations in textile manufacturing processes and materials represent some of the key factors driving the market.

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the country level for 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on application, material, and process.

Indonesia Bottled Water Market size was valued at USD 3.80 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6.90 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.7% from 2025 to 2032.

Increasing Health Consciousness: The Indonesian bottled water market is driven by health-consciousness, with a 12% increase in demand in 2023, especially among urban populations. This shift towards healthier hydration options is expected to continue as consumers prioritize wellness and fitness, as they become more aware of the health risks associated with sugary drinks and artificial additives.

Rising Disposable Income: Indonesia’s middle class’s increasing disposable income is driving a rise in bottled water demand. With the country’s GDP per capita growing by 5% in 2023, consumers are increasingly opting for bottled water as a convenient and premium option. This trend is particularly noticeable in urban centres, where bottled water consumption is more common.

Background: Breast cancer has become a public health concern in Indonesia. Regular breast self-examination (BSE) is considered an important first step for its early detection, especially in countries with limited healthcare access, as it is the case in Indonesia. This study aimed to confirm and assess the psychosocial determinants of intention to perform BSE and BSE performance. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 204 women aged 18–65 years in Surabaya, Indonesia. A 64-item survey was conducted, included variables from the Reasoned Action Approach, and the Health Belief Model, presented questions about demographics, breast cancer knowledge, and behavior related to BSE. Results: Most women (72.5%) expressed intention to perform BSE; however, only 7.8% and 2.9% performed BSE per week and per month, respectively, in the past year. Breast cancer knowledge and attitudes towards BSE were uniquely associated with BSE performance. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and BSE attitudes were unique correlates of intention. Perceived benefits and barriers and subjective norms were significantly associated with intention and BSE behavior in bivariate analyses. Conclusions: Breast screening education should incorporate strategies for improving attitudes towards BSE, PBC, and breast cancer knowledge with perceived benefits and barriers and subjective norms as relevant targets.

The Indonesia Consumer-Packaged Goods (CPG) market is valued at USD 102 billion, driven by rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and an expanding middle class population.

With some 4.4 million babies born each year, the Indonesian baby food market is sizeable. The market remains vulnerable to economic fluctuations, although the country weathered the global economic problems of 2009 and 2010 relatively well and only in 2013 has begun to falter. Market value grew by 53% and volume by 12.9% between 2006 and 2012. In the future the market will be subject to competing trends. While a declining number of births and a move away from use of first stage formula will hold it back, a strong economy after 2013, a growing middle class and a desire among parents to feed their children with what they perceive as healthy nutrition are all likely to boost sales. As a result, ERC estimates that average per capita consumption will grow by 20.4% between 2012 and 2018 to 38.5kg. Baby milks will continue to dominate, with cereals and dry meals accounting for under 10% of value, and wet meals and other baby foods claiming only a minimal presence. Read More

According to a survey conducted in August 2022, 81 percent of millennials with high-income levels in Indonesia had intentions to treat themselves by spending more in 2022. Similarly, 74 percent of Indonesian Gen Z with middle-income level also planned to do so.

Abstract

The Global Investment Competitiveness 2019 Survey was conducted June–November 2019 through 30-minute phone interviews in the primary business language(s) of the host economies. The survey captures the experiences and perceptions of MNE affiliates on global megatrends and investment climate factors in 10 middle-income countries (MICs): Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. The survey was administered to senior executives of foreign-owned firms. Information was collected on the companies’ general characteristics, the importance and effect of global megatrends on business operations, contribution to the host economy, and the importance of investment policy factors and operational obstacles they face. The survey was designed to generate results that are representative at the country level and comparable across countries.

More information: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/competitiveness/publication/global-investment-competitiveness-report-2019-2020

Geographic coverage

Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam.

Analysis unit

Firm, affiliate of multinational company

Universe

Firms (affiliates of multinational company) in 10 middle-income countries (MICs): Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey represents experiences and perceptions of a representative sample of foreign-owned firms in each of 10 MICs: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. Each country sample comprises roughly 250 foreign-owned firms with at least five employees. In each country, roughly 125 respondent firms operate in the manufacturing sector, and roughly 125 respondent firms operate in the services sector (see tables 1 and 2 in survey report provided as related documents). The only exception is Nigeria, where because of sampling frame limitations, the sample comprises 164 respon¬dents (55 manufacturing and 109 services). Thus, across the 10 target countries, more than 2,400 responses were collected.

Sampling frames comprising partially or fully foreign-owned businesses in the 10 MICs were constructed using commercially available and proprietary sources (Dunn & Bradstreet, Orbis/Bureau van Dijk, Sample Solutions, and others). The frames were de-duplicated and cleaned, and data quality was enhanced using standard sample framing and data manipulation techniques. In some sampling frames, all affiliates were contacted to reach the target sample size. In others, only select affiliates were contacted before the target was reached.

Sampling deviation

The only exception is Nigeria, where because of sampling frame limitations, the sample comprises 164 respon¬dents (55 manufacturing and 109 services). Thus, across the 10 target countries, more than 2,400 responses were collected.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Response rate

The overall response rate for the survey was 9.3 percent. This response rate is consistent with the current expected range for phone-based business surveys. The main fieldwork of the survey leveraged lessons from empirical research in survey design and administration to implement the strategies described below to ensure high response rates.

The Indonesia real estate market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 5.51% during 2024-2032. The rising population and urbanization in the country, burgeoning middle class with growing disposable income, the strategic geographical location of the country, the implementation of various government policies and initiatives, the evolution of the financial sector, and the development of educational facilities and universities represent some of the key factors driving the market.

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the country level for 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on property type.