In 2040, the population of Indonesia is forecast to reach approximately 312.51 million people. This is a significant increase from the Indonesian population in 2020 which amounted to 270.2 million people. Indonesia is currently the fourth most populous nation in the world.

As of 2024, around 41 percent of Indonesians aged 15 years and above had completed senior high school or more. On the other hand, nearly three percent of Indonesians never went to school. Education quality and employment In Indonesia, completing 12 years of education is mandatory, which consists of six years of primary school, three years of middle school, and three years of high school. Despite the decreasing unemployment rate over the years, many high-school and even university graduates still struggled to find jobs, highlighting the urgency in aligning the education system in Indonesia with the job market demands. Access to education While progress has been made in expanding access to education in Indonesia, many obstacles are still found in certain areas. Economic factors are said to be the leading issue in pursuing higher education, forcing many students to drop out of school to contribute to their family’s income. In 2024, Mountains Papua had the highest share of students who had to work and study simultaneously. The government has been gradually increasing the budget for education in Indonesia, including specific budget allocations for higher education and the 12-year compulsory education program, aiming to improve access and equity in education.

Abstract

The 2010 Population Census has been designed to meet various data needs, including as (1) the basis for updating population data bases up to the lowest level of administrative unit (village); (2) valuable input in monitoring the progress for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); (3) the basis for preparing small area statistics; (4) basis for preparing population projection; (5) the basic data in developing sampling frame for various surveys conducted between 2010-2020.

During the 2010 Population Census it is estimated that the population of Indonesia would be around 232 million people who live in about 65 million households. Considering the huge number of population to be recorded the field enumeration will require more than 650.00 field workers, which consist about 450.000 enumerators, 150.000 team coordinators, and 15.000 field coordinators. Data collection is designed to be undertaken in groups, each group (team) consist of four persons, i.e. three numerators and one team coordinator. All field workers would have undertaken a three-day training before hand.

The peak of census operations will be during the months of May 2010 where field enumeration will be taking place simultaneously overall the geographical area of Indonesia. May 15 will be designated as the Census Date of the 2010 Population Census, therefore on the 15 of May 2010 the homeless and nomadic population will be canvassing.

Updating population data is a very crucial issue in the upcoming population census, in the sense that since the implementation of decentralization in 2001 the number of administrative units in the regions (province, district, sub district, and village) have been increasing tremendously, such that statistical measures could not appropriately follows the changes. Prior to decentralization the number of provinces was 27, districts 297, sub districts 4.200, and villages about 65.000. At present the number of provinces is 33, districts 497, sub districts about 7.000, and villages about 75.000.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Individuals;
• Households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the modern context there is always an increasing demand for data and information, and this is not an exception for the census as well. A census being a huge national undertaking incurring substantial amount of money, while the resources are always constrained and limited. The choice of topic to be covered in a census mainly depends upon the user needs. However, as society becomes complex the demand of population data for development plans is not only increasing but the level of such information is switching to smaller administrative levels, while census being a complex and large operation has its own limitations in meeting all the demands of data users. Another main consideration for determining census topic is to maintain comparability and continuity of the census information.

There are three kind of questionnaires will be used in the 2010 Population Census, namely C1 (42 questions) for enumerate regular household who live in the areas that are covered in the mapping, C2 (14 questions) for enumerate population who live in the areas which are not included in the mapping such as remote areas, Indonesia corps diplomatic who live abroad and L2 (number and sex) for enumerate homeless people, boat people, and tribes.

The questionnaires hopefully can accommodate the data required for the compilations of MDG Indicators, which is essential for national policy making and monitoring. The census questionnaires are presently being developed taking into considerations of the relevant United Nation recommendations as well as the suitability of the items collected to meet local conditions.

In the past population censuses, data were collected basically by face-to-face interviews, where enumerators visited all households to interview persons therein one by one. In light of the changing lifestyle of big cities people and advancement of technology, new and additional means for data collection from the households will be introduced in the 2010 Population Census. Under the new multi-modal data collection approach, e-census on the Internet and self-enumeration will be rolled out, along with the traditional “interviewer” method.

Cleaning operations

The processing of data collected in a census constitutes one of the most important and challenging activities that have to be undertaken efficiently and expeditiously in order to justify the immense resources invested in a census. This activity entailed several processes: manual editing of the questionnaires after enumeration, data capture, data cleaning and validation, and finally tabulation. Intelligence character recognition (ICR) technology will be employed for data capture.

Government’s commitment to provide provisional results within two and half months after enumeration and final results within another six months greatly influenced the strategies and actions adopted at every stage of data processing in order to adhere to the commitment.

In 2023, the elderly population comprised about 16 percent of Yogyakarta's total population, making it the province with the highest share of elderly population in Indonesia. It was followed by East and Central Java, with a share of around 15.57 percent and 15.05 percent.

The share of urban population in Indonesia saw no significant changes in 2023 in comparison to the previous year 2022 and remained at around 58.57 percent. Nevertheless, 2023 still represents a peak in the share in Indonesia. A country's urbanization rate refers to the share of the total population living in an urban setting. International comparisons of urbanization rates may be inconsistent, due to discrepancies between definitions of what constitutes an urban center (based on population size, area, or space between dwellings, among others).Find more key insights for the share of urban population in countries like Cambodia and Laos.

Indonesia: Population ages 0-14, percent of total: The latest value from 2023 is 24.93 percent, a decline from 25.27 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 26.10 percent, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2023 is 34.67 percent. The minimum value, 24.93 percent, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 42.63 percent was recorded in 1970.

Indonesia's Working population is 134,616,083 which is the 4th highest in the world ranking. Transition graphs on Working population in Indonesia and comparison bar charts (USA vs. China vs. Japan vs. Indonesia), (United States of America vs. Pakistan vs. Indonesia) are used for easy understanding. Various data can be downloaded and output in csv format for use in EXCEL free of charge.

In 2023, the population of Bali, Indonesia, amounted to around 4.4 million people. The Hindu population in Bali accounts for about 87 percent of its total population, and the island is well known for its rich culture, religious practices, and traditions. While Buleleng is the largest regency in the province, the highest population density is found in Denpasar, the capital and primary hub of Bali.   Tourism economy in Bali Bali is considered one of the world’s most famous islands, offering picturesque natural settings and vibrant culture, attracting large numbers of both local and international visitors. As of the first quarter of 2023, more than one million foreign tourists visited the island, with most international travelers to Bali coming from Australia. Bali also stands as the most preferred domestic travel destination among Indonesians, making tourism a vital sector of its economy.   Balinese agricultural foundations Besides travel and tourism, Bali is also closely tied to agriculture, forestry, and fishing, as these sectors provide work opportunities for a significant part of the population. The tropical island is renowned for some primary commodities, such as coconuts, cocoa, and coffee, which dominate its overall crop production. Furthermore, paddy fields, a striking part of Bali’s landscape in many areas of the island, cover more than 12 percent of its total land area, conveying its agrarian roots. Paddy fields are commonly utilized to cultivate rice, one of the staple foods of Indonesians. Tabanan and Gianyar are among the Balinese regencies producing the highest quantities of rice.

Indonesia: People practicing Hinduism as percent of the population: The latest value from 2013 is 2.5 percent, unchanged from 2.5 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 17.7 percent, based on data from 21 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2013 is 2.2 percent. The minimum value, 1.9 percent, was reached in 1960 while the maximum of 2.5 percent was recorded in 2008.

Abstract

A Population Census encompasses the entire process of collecting, processing, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining to all residents in a country or a region at a specified time. A Population Census in Indonesia is usually referred to as population enumeration, that is, the collecting of data/information for all residents who live in the territorial area of Indonesia. Data collected, among others, are: name, age, sex, education, religion, citizenship, occupation, and birth place. The result is the total number of residents with their characteristics, which are very useful in planning, monitoring, and assessing the development programs. The 2010PC will provide information on the actual conditions of the population, their housing conditions, education and details of the labor force at the lowest administrative level.

Since Indonesia's independence, five population censuses have been conducted, that is, in 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990, and 2000. The 2010 Population Census (SP2010) will be the sixth population census. SP2010 is an enormous activity that consists of interrelated stages of activities beginning with planning, preparation, data collection, data processing and dissemination, and data analysis. Activities for SP2010 began in 2007 and should be completed by 2013. The series of SP2010 activities began with the collection of village potential data (PODES), followed by the mapping of administrative areas and census blocks, a census test and other activities related to the preparation of SP2010. A pilot census was conducted in 2009 to test the quality, validity, and ease of use of all instruments, procedures and systems that will be used in SP2010. The peak of activity for SP2010 will be in May 2010 when the building and household registration will be implemented and the household and complete enumeration of all residents will take place.

Geographic coverage

Throughout Indonesia, including: * Number of provinces: 33 provinces * Number of districts / municipalities: 497 regencies / municipalities * Number of districts: 6651 district * Number of villages / urban: 77126 villages / wards.

Analysis unit

Individual or population

Universe

The Population Census (SP 2010 / PHC 2010) covers all Indonesian (WNI) as well as foreign (WNA) population who reside in the territorial area of Indonesia, regardless of whether the person has permanent residence or not; those who do not have a permanent residence include homeless, refugees, crews of Indonesian ships, those living in inaccessible areas, and those living on boats or houseboats. Members of the diplomatic corps of other countries and their families will not be covered in SP2010 even though they reside in the territorial area of Indonesia. On the other hand, members of the diplomatic corps of Indonesia and their families who reside abroad will be covered in SP 2010.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2010 Population Census questionnaire consists of 4 sections. The sections are i) Identification, ii) Individual Characteristics, iii) Mortality, and iv) Housing Unit Characteristics.

Indonesia: Poverty, percent of population: The latest value from 2023 is 9.4 percent, a decline from 9.5 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 28.17 percent, based on data from 3 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 2000 to 2023 is 13.37 percent. The minimum value, 9.4 percent, was reached in 2019 while the maximum of 19.1 percent was recorded in 2000.

In 2021, the population density in Indonesia was at about 144.65 people per square kilometer. Despite being the fourth largest country in the world in terms of population, Indonesia’s population density is mitigated by its abundance of land – Indonesia is an archipelago of more than 17 thousand islands sprawled across more than five thousand kilometers from east to west. Java as the heart of Indonesia Despite the many thousands of islands, Indonesia’s population, politics, and economy are mostly centered on the island of Java. This is where its capital, Jakarta, is located. With a population of around 36.3 million in 2015, Jakarta is not only Indonesia’s biggest city, it is also one of the world’s most-populated urban areas. The number of inhabitants in Jakarta increased three-fold since 1975, reflecting a trend of rural-urban migration in Indonesia. Urban-rural dichotomy Indonesia’s rural population had been steadily decreasing in the last ten years; inversely, its urban population saw a steady increase. As of 2021, more than 57 percent of the Indonesian population were living in urban areas. In Indonesia, the economic opportunities are mostly concentrated in the larger and more densely populated islands such as Java and Bali, and smaller, rural, and more far-flung islands such as the Maluku Islands tend to suffer from a lack of easy connectivity to these economic centers. It comes as no surprise that these rural areas had the highest share of the rural population living below the poverty line. With their lack of economic prospects, rural populations in Indonesia also had a significantly higher share of those living below the poverty line than urban populations.

In 2015, roughly 164.7 million Indonesians were living in earthquake-prone areas. Indonesia has one of the highest disaster rates in the world and approximately 97 percent of the total population – more than 260 million people – are residing in areas prone to natural disasters. However, due to the diverse topography and varying degree of exposure to the natural disasters' risks, the possible impacts of these hazards are also not distributed evenly across the archipelago.

Indonesia: Access to electricity, percent of the population: The latest value from 2022 is 100 percent, an increase from 99.2 percent in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 86.75 percent, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1991 to 2022 is 86.66 percent. The minimum value, 48.9 percent, was reached in 1991 while the maximum of 100 percent was recorded in 2022.

Indonesia: Buddhists as percent of the total population: The latest value from 2013 is 0.6 percent, unchanged from 0.6 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 36.4 percent, based on data from 21 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2013 is 1.2 percent. The minimum value, 0.6 percent, was reached in 2012 while the maximum of 2.1 percent was recorded in 1960.

There were 90 183 200 Instagram users in Indonesia in April 2025, which accounted for 31.7% of its entire population. The majority of them were women - 54.2%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (36 000 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 18 to 24, where women lead by 12 600 000.

In 2025, Jakarta had a population density of approximately 16,155 people per square kilometer. The province contributed to around 3.75 percent to the total population of Indonesia. In that year, Indonesia’s population density was around 159 people per square kilometer.

Indonesia: Christians as percent of the total population: The latest value from 2013 is 8.7 percent, unchanged from 8.7 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 51.1 percent, based on data from 145 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 1960 to 2013 is 8.9 percent. The minimum value, 8.7 percent, was reached in 2009 while the maximum of 9 percent was recorded in 1960.

There were 174 000 000 Facebook users in Indonesia in May 2024, which accounted for 61.2% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 53.8%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (66 200 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 35 900 000.

Indonesia: Prevalence of undernourishment, percent of population: The latest value from 2021 is 5.9 percent, a decline from 6.1 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 10.78 percent, based on data from 167 countries. Historically, the average for Indonesia from 2001 to 2021 is 12.38 percent. The minimum value, 5.9 percent, was reached in 2018 while the maximum of 19.3 percent was recorded in 2005.