Population density per pixel at 100 metre resolution. WorldPop provides estimates of numbers of people residing in each 100x100m grid cell for every low and middle income country. Through ingegrating cencus, survey, satellite and GIS datasets in a flexible machine-learning framework, high resolution maps of population counts and densities for 2000-2020 are produced, along with accompanying metadata.

DATASET: Alpha version 2010 and 2015 estimates of numbers of people per grid square, with national totals adjusted to match UN population division estimates (http://esa.un.org/wpp/) and remaining unadjusted.

REGION: Africa

SPATIAL RESOLUTION: 0.000833333 decimal degrees (approx 100m at the equator)

PROJECTION: Geographic, WGS84

UNITS: Estimated persons per grid square

MAPPING APPROACH: Land cover based, as described in: Linard, C., Gilbert, M., Snow, R.W., Noor, A.M. and Tatem, A.J., 2012, Population distribution, settlement patterns and accessibility across Africa in 2010, PLoS ONE, 7(2): e31743.

FORMAT: Geotiff (zipped using 7-zip (open access tool): www.7-zip.org)

FILENAMES: Example - AGO10adjv4.tif = Angola (AGO) population count map for 2010 (10) adjusted to match UN national estimates (adj), version 4 (v4). Population maps are updated to new versions when improved census or other input data become available.

Indonesia data available from WorldPop here.

In 2024, Jakarta had a population density of approximately 16,165 people per square kilometer. The province contributed to around 3.79 percent to the total population of Indonesia. In that year, Indonesia’s population density was around 149 people per square kilometer.

In 2021, the population density in Indonesia was at about 144.65 people per square kilometer. Despite being the fourth largest country in the world in terms of population, Indonesia’s population density is mitigated by its abundance of land – Indonesia is an archipelago of more than 17 thousand islands sprawled across more than five thousand kilometers from east to west. Java as the heart of Indonesia Despite the many thousands of islands, Indonesia’s population, politics, and economy are mostly centered on the island of Java. This is where its capital, Jakarta, is located. With a population of around 36.3 million in 2015, Jakarta is not only Indonesia’s biggest city, it is also one of the world’s most-populated urban areas. The number of inhabitants in Jakarta increased three-fold since 1975, reflecting a trend of rural-urban migration in Indonesia. Urban-rural dichotomy Indonesia’s rural population had been steadily decreasing in the last ten years; inversely, its urban population saw a steady increase. As of 2021, more than 57 percent of the Indonesian population were living in urban areas. In Indonesia, the economic opportunities are mostly concentrated in the larger and more densely populated islands such as Java and Bali, and smaller, rural, and more far-flung islands such as the Maluku Islands tend to suffer from a lack of easy connectivity to these economic centers. It comes as no surprise that these rural areas had the highest share of the rural population living below the poverty line. With their lack of economic prospects, rural populations in Indonesia also had a significantly higher share of those living below the poverty line than urban populations.

Chart and table of Indonesia population density from 1950 to 2025. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100.

As of 2022, the population density in Jakarta, Indonesia reached over 16 thousand individuals per square kilometer, showing an increase from the year prior. Jakarta, Indonesia's capital city that has a status equal to a province, has the highest population density among other provinces in the country.

This statistic shows the ten biggest cities in Indonesia in 2010. In 2010, Indonesia's total population amounted to approximately 237 million people. About 9.61 million of them lived in Jakarta, making it the biggest city in Indonesia.

Indonesia's urban population

The largest city and capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. The city is home to close to 10 million inhabitants. While this is an extremely high number, this represents less than 5 percent of Indonesia’s total population which is around 250 million. Indonesia is the 4th most-populated country in the world, behind China, India and the United States.

The city of Jakarta is located to the west of the island of Java on the Java Sea. The majority of Indonesia’s population lives on the island of Java and most of its metropolises, including Bekasi, Tangerang, Depok, Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya, are all located there. Bekasi, Tangernang and Depok are located less than 40 km away from the city of Jakarta creating an expansive urban and suburban metropolis region. This rapid urbanization is largely uncontrolled and may jeopardize the regions sustainability in years to come. The good news is that the population growth rate of Indonesia is slowing down ever so slightly, because of a likewise decreasing fertility rate.

Indonesia’s economy is also fairly diversified, which some may consider a strength for an island economy from a self-sufficiency standpoint. Agriculture also still plays an important role, composing close to a 14 percent share of the country’s economy, and while the country is still developing, it still produces a large portion of food which helps feed its ever increasing urban population.

WorldPop produces different types of gridded population count datasets, depending on the methods used and end application. Please make sure you have read our Mapping Populations overview page before choosing and downloading a dataset.

Datasets are available to download in Geotiff and ASCII XYZ format at a resolution of 30 arc-seconds (approximately 1km at the equator)

-Unconstrained individual countries 2000-2020: Population density datasets for all countries of the World for each year 2000-2020 – derived from the corresponding Unconstrained individual countries 2000-2020 population count datasets by dividing the number of people in each pixel by the pixel surface area. These are produced using the unconstrained top-down modelling method.
-Unconstrained individual countries 2000-2020 UN adjusted: Population density datasets for all countries of the World for each year 2000-2020 – derived from the corresponding Unconstrained individual countries 2000-2020 population UN adjusted count datasets by dividing the number of people in each pixel, adjusted to match the country total from the official United Nations population estimates (UN 2019), by the pixel surface area. These are produced using the unconstrained top-down modelling method.

Data for earlier dates is available directly from WorldPop.

WorldPop (www.worldpop.org - School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton; Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville; Departement de Geographie, Universite de Namur) and Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University (2018). Global High Resolution Population Denominators Project - Funded by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1134076). https://dx.doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/WP00674

Indonesia population density for 400m H3 hexagons.

Built from Kontur Population: Global Population Density for 400m H3 Hexagons Vector H3 hexagons with population counts at 400m resolution.

Fixed up fusion of GHSL, Facebook, Microsoft Buildings, Copernicus Global Land Service Land Cover, Land Information New Zealand, and OpenStreetMap data.

As of 2023, Jakarta’s population amounted to around 10.67 million inhabitants, indicating an increase of over 700 thousand people over the past decade. Jakarta is Indonesia’s capital and largest city, and with its soaring population density, Jakarta ranks among the most populous cities worldwide. Employment in Jakarta In contrast to the prevalent informal employment in Indonesia, over 65 percent of Jakarta’s workforce is engaged in formal employment. Notably, Jakartan formal workers have the highest average net wage in the country compared to other provinces. Most of these workers are employed in the wholesale and retail trade sector, which serves as the primary contributor to Jakarta’s GRDP. While there is a positive alignment between the city’s economic growth and increasing welfare levels, Jakarta still needs continuous efforts to further reduce unemployment rates and address income inequality gaps. Traffic and pollution As one of the most polluted major cities globally, the bustling city of Jakarta grapples with persistently low air quality. Simultaneously, the metropolis is also marked to have one of the highest traffic congestion levels in Asia. However, despite the ongoing issues and the efforts to combat these issues, Jakarta still faces an escalating number of vehicles. Factors like the surge in personal vehicle usage to avoid using public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with implanted habits, contribute significantly to Jakarta’s traffic problems.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: Yes (institutional) - Special populations: Homeless, boat people

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: Not available - Households: An individual or group of people who inhabit part or all of the physical or census building and usually live together and eat together from one kitchen. One kitchen means that the daily needs are managed and combined into one. - Group quarters: An institutional household includes people living in a dormitory, barracks, or insitution where everyday needs are managed by an institution or foundation. Also includes groups of 10 or more people in lodging houses or buildings.

Universe

All population, Indonesian and foreign, residing in the territorial area of Indonesia, regardless of residence status. Includes homeless, refugees, ship crews, and people in inaccessible areas. Diplomats and their families residing in Indonesia were excluded.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Statistics Indonesia

SAMPLE DESIGN: Geographically stratified systematic sample (drawn by MPC).

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: 10%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 22,928,795

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires: C1 to enumerate regular households living in areas covered in the census mappling; C2 for the population living in areas not included in the mapping, such as remote areas; and L2 for the homeless, boat people, and tribes.

In 2023, over 87 percent of Indonesians declared themselves to be Muslim, followed by 7.4 percent who were Christians. Indonesia has the largest Islamic population in the world and for this reason is often recognized as a Muslim nation. However, Indonesia is not a Muslim nation according to its constitution. The archipelago is a multifaith country and officially recognizes six religions – Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.

Not all provinces in Indonesia are Muslim majority
The spread of Islam in Indonesia began on the west side of the archipelago, where the main maritime trade routes were located. Until today, most of the Indonesian Muslim population are residing in Western and Central Indonesia, while the majority religion of several provinces in Eastern Indonesia, such as East Nusa Tenggara and Bali, is Christian and Hindu, respectively.

Discrimination towards other beliefs in Indonesia The Indonesian constitution provides for freedom of religion. However, the Government Restrictions Index Score on religion in Indonesia is relatively high. Indonesians who practice unrecognized religions, including Indonesia’s indigenous or traditional belief systems, such as animism, dynamism, and totemism, face legal restrictions and discrimination. Indonesian law requires its citizens to put one of the recognized religions on their national identity cards, with some exceptions for indigenous religions. Although legally citizens may leave the section blank, atheism or agnosticism is considered uncommon in Indonesia.

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

In 2023, the population density in Denpasar regency in Bali, Indonesia amounted to 5,945 individuals per square kilometer, making it the regency with the highest population density in the island. Bali's population reached 4.4 million people in that year. Indonesia is currently the fourth most populous nation in the world and the population of Indonesia is forecast to reach approximately 312.51 million people by 2040.

In 2020, around 17.9 percent of Indonesian population lived in West Java. Java is Indonesia's fifth-largest island and more than 150 million people live on this island in that year, making it the most populated island in the world.

This data is about annual population projection from 2010 - 2020 at province (adm1) and ditrict (adm2) level, and consist of number of male, female, total population and population density per square kilometer.

Map shows Landscan 2003 population data as a background plus administrative boundaries within Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra) province. Place codes (p-codes) are shown in labels and should be used when referring to districts and sub-districts.

The data coming from the census 2010 - used to develop this publication of infographics on population characteristics on each of Indonesia’s thirty-three provinces. The book is the result of cooperation between with BNPB and BPS and the United Nations agencies UNOCHA, UNFPA, WFP, and UNDP. UNFPA provided technical assistance in the preparation of the basic population indicators such as sex ratio, population density, main livelihood, and levels of literacy. In addition, this book also displays information regarding dependency ratio, fertility rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality rates included in the Population Projection 2010-2035. The results can be seen in this link: http://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-province-infographic-book-27-nov-2014 The datasets can also accessible in here: http://dibi.bnpb.go.id/profil-wilayah/11/aceh

Population density of Java, Indonesia based upon 2020 Worldpop estimates

By 2024, the population in Bali, Indonesia was projected to reach over 4.4 million people, with Buleleng regency having the largest population in the province, at 814.8 thousand people. Indonesia is currently the fourth most populous nation in the world and the population of Indonesia is forecast to reach approximately 312.51 million people by 2040.

There were 125 100 000 Messenger users in Indonesia in August 2024, which accounted for 44.1% of its entire population. The majority of them were men - 57.8%. People aged 25 to 34 were the largest user group (48 700 000). The highest difference between men and women occurs within people aged 25 to 34, where men lead by 27 700 000.